Using co-located radars and instruments to analyse ionespheric events over South Africa
- Authors: Athieno, Racheal
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Ionosphere -- Research -- South Africa , Space environment -- Research -- South Africa , Meteorology -- Research -- South Africa , Ionosondes -- Research -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5493 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005279 , Ionosphere -- Research -- South Africa , Space environment -- Research -- South Africa , Meteorology -- Research -- South Africa , Ionosondes -- Research -- South Africa
- Description: Space weather and its effect on technological systems are important for scientific research. Developing an understanding of the behaviour, sources and effects of ionospheric events form a basis for improving space weather prediction. This thesis attempts to use co-located radars and instruments for the analysis of ionospheric events over South Africa. The HF Doppler radar, ionosonde, Global Positioning System (GPS) and GPS ionospheric scintillation monitor (GISTM) receivers are co-located in Hermanus (34.4°S, 19.2°E), one of the observatories for the space science directorate of the South African National Space Agency (SANSA). Data was obtained from these radars and instruments and analysed for ionospheric events. Only the Hermanus station was selected for this analysis, because it is currently the only South African station that hosts all the mentioned radars and instruments. Ionospheric events identified include wave-like structures, Doppler spread, sudden frequency deviations and ionospheric oscillations associated with geomagnetic pulsations. For the purpose of this work, ionospheric events are defined as any unusual structures observed on the received signal and inferred from observations made by the HF Doppler radar. They were identified by visual inspection of the Doppler shift spectrograms. The magnitude and nature of the events vary, depending on their source and were observed by all, some or one instrument. This study suggests that the inclusion of a wider data coverage and more stations in South Africa merit consideration, especially since plans are underway to host a co-located radar network similar to that in Hermanus at at least three additional observatory sites in South Africa. This study lays a foundation for multi-station co-located radar and instrument observation and analysis of ionospheric events which should enhance the accuracy of space weather and HF communication prediction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Athieno, Racheal
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Ionosphere -- Research -- South Africa , Space environment -- Research -- South Africa , Meteorology -- Research -- South Africa , Ionosondes -- Research -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5493 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005279 , Ionosphere -- Research -- South Africa , Space environment -- Research -- South Africa , Meteorology -- Research -- South Africa , Ionosondes -- Research -- South Africa
- Description: Space weather and its effect on technological systems are important for scientific research. Developing an understanding of the behaviour, sources and effects of ionospheric events form a basis for improving space weather prediction. This thesis attempts to use co-located radars and instruments for the analysis of ionospheric events over South Africa. The HF Doppler radar, ionosonde, Global Positioning System (GPS) and GPS ionospheric scintillation monitor (GISTM) receivers are co-located in Hermanus (34.4°S, 19.2°E), one of the observatories for the space science directorate of the South African National Space Agency (SANSA). Data was obtained from these radars and instruments and analysed for ionospheric events. Only the Hermanus station was selected for this analysis, because it is currently the only South African station that hosts all the mentioned radars and instruments. Ionospheric events identified include wave-like structures, Doppler spread, sudden frequency deviations and ionospheric oscillations associated with geomagnetic pulsations. For the purpose of this work, ionospheric events are defined as any unusual structures observed on the received signal and inferred from observations made by the HF Doppler radar. They were identified by visual inspection of the Doppler shift spectrograms. The magnitude and nature of the events vary, depending on their source and were observed by all, some or one instrument. This study suggests that the inclusion of a wider data coverage and more stations in South Africa merit consideration, especially since plans are underway to host a co-located radar network similar to that in Hermanus at at least three additional observatory sites in South Africa. This study lays a foundation for multi-station co-located radar and instrument observation and analysis of ionospheric events which should enhance the accuracy of space weather and HF communication prediction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Interest rate behaviour in a more transparent South African monetary policy environment
- Authors: Ballim, Goolam Hoosen
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: South African Reserve Bank , Monetary policy -- South Africa , Banks and banking -- South Africa , Interest rates -- South Africa , South Africa -- Economic policy , South Africa -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1034 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004462 , South African Reserve Bank , Monetary policy -- South Africa , Banks and banking -- South Africa , Interest rates -- South Africa , South Africa -- Economic policy , South Africa -- Economic conditions
- Description: South Africa introduced inflation targeting as a monetary policy framework in 2000. This marked a sizable shift in monetary policy management from the previous "eclectic" approach and the explicit focus on M3 money supply before that. The study appraises the effectiveness of monetary policy under this new dispensation. However, the analysis does not centre on inflation outcomes, which can be a measure of effectiveness because they are the overriding objective of the South African Reserve Bank in effect, it is possible to have a target-friendly inflation rate for a length of time despite monetary policy that is ambiguous and encourages unpredictability in market interest rates. However, persistent policy opaqueness can, over time, damage a favourable inflation scenario. For instance, if the public is unsure about the Reserve Bank's desired inflation target, price setting in the wage and goods markets may eventually produce an inflation outcome that is higher than the Bank may have intended. Rather, this study adjudicates the effectiveness of monetary policy within the context of policy transparency, which is an intrinsic part of the inflation targeting framework. The study looks at the extent to which monetary policy transparency has enhanced both the anticipatory nature of the market's response to policy actions and the force that policy has on all interest rates in the financial system, particularly long-term rates. These concepts are important because through the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, the more deft market participants are at anticipating future Reserve Bank policy the greater the Bank's ability to steady the economy before the actual policy event. With the aid of regression models to estimate the response of market rates to policy changes, the results show that there is significant movement in market rates in anticipation of policy action, rather than on the day of the event or the day after. Indeed, the estimates for market rates movement on the day of and even the day after the policy action are generally minute. For instance, the R157 long-term government bond yield changes by a significant 41 basis points in response to a one percentage point change in the Reserve Bank's benchmark repo rate in the period between the last policy action and the day preceding the current action. In contrast, the R157 bond yield changes by an insignificant 2 basis points on the day of the current repo rate change and about 1 basis point the day after the current change. The results point to a robust relationship between policy transparency and the market's ability to foresee rate action. If this were not the case, it is likely that there would be persistent market surprise and, hence, noticeable movement in interest rates on the day of the rate action and perhaps even the day after. Another important observation is that monetary policy impacts significantly on both short- and long-term market rates. Again, certifying the robustness of monetary policy under the inflation targeting regime
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Ballim, Goolam Hoosen
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: South African Reserve Bank , Monetary policy -- South Africa , Banks and banking -- South Africa , Interest rates -- South Africa , South Africa -- Economic policy , South Africa -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1034 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004462 , South African Reserve Bank , Monetary policy -- South Africa , Banks and banking -- South Africa , Interest rates -- South Africa , South Africa -- Economic policy , South Africa -- Economic conditions
- Description: South Africa introduced inflation targeting as a monetary policy framework in 2000. This marked a sizable shift in monetary policy management from the previous "eclectic" approach and the explicit focus on M3 money supply before that. The study appraises the effectiveness of monetary policy under this new dispensation. However, the analysis does not centre on inflation outcomes, which can be a measure of effectiveness because they are the overriding objective of the South African Reserve Bank in effect, it is possible to have a target-friendly inflation rate for a length of time despite monetary policy that is ambiguous and encourages unpredictability in market interest rates. However, persistent policy opaqueness can, over time, damage a favourable inflation scenario. For instance, if the public is unsure about the Reserve Bank's desired inflation target, price setting in the wage and goods markets may eventually produce an inflation outcome that is higher than the Bank may have intended. Rather, this study adjudicates the effectiveness of monetary policy within the context of policy transparency, which is an intrinsic part of the inflation targeting framework. The study looks at the extent to which monetary policy transparency has enhanced both the anticipatory nature of the market's response to policy actions and the force that policy has on all interest rates in the financial system, particularly long-term rates. These concepts are important because through the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, the more deft market participants are at anticipating future Reserve Bank policy the greater the Bank's ability to steady the economy before the actual policy event. With the aid of regression models to estimate the response of market rates to policy changes, the results show that there is significant movement in market rates in anticipation of policy action, rather than on the day of the event or the day after. Indeed, the estimates for market rates movement on the day of and even the day after the policy action are generally minute. For instance, the R157 long-term government bond yield changes by a significant 41 basis points in response to a one percentage point change in the Reserve Bank's benchmark repo rate in the period between the last policy action and the day preceding the current action. In contrast, the R157 bond yield changes by an insignificant 2 basis points on the day of the current repo rate change and about 1 basis point the day after the current change. The results point to a robust relationship between policy transparency and the market's ability to foresee rate action. If this were not the case, it is likely that there would be persistent market surprise and, hence, noticeable movement in interest rates on the day of the rate action and perhaps even the day after. Another important observation is that monetary policy impacts significantly on both short- and long-term market rates. Again, certifying the robustness of monetary policy under the inflation targeting regime
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Seductive Manoeuvres: an analysis of the use of feminist performance strategies as a means of staging alternative sexualities in two dance theatre works
- Authors: Barnard, Joni
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76823 , vital:30627
- Description: Located within the discipline of Performance Studies, this thesis seeks to validate performance and theatre, specifically dance theatre, as legitimate fields of research and enquiry that can enrich the polemics surrounding discourse, representation, the body and identity. Within this thesis I explore and analyse the creative processes and performance strategies used in two dance theatres works: Acty Tang’s Chaste (2007) and my own work entitled Displayed and Framed (2008) and how these strategies support the staging of alternative sexualities. I argue that the staging of alternative sexualities calls for an alternative approach to the performance strategies utilised in the production of space, the representations of the body and the use of text in both works. Each work offers a particular exploration of gender and sexuality in the attempt to represent alternative identities, alternative bodies and alternative sexualities. In this thesis I identify the endeavour to stage ‘otherness’ as a feminist endeavour and thus identify the performance strategies utilised in each work as feminist performance strategies. Through my analysis I wish to highlight the ways in which a feminist approach can contribute to and enrich both the staging of and understanding of alternative sexualities. In both Chaste (2007) and Displayed and Framed (2008), the choreographers of each work are also performers in their own work in an endeavour to explore and represent their own identity. The analysis of my own work requires that I play the multiple roles of choreographer, performer and researcher. In this analysis I provide accounts of my own experiences, processes and struggles of creating Displayed and Framed (2008) which are analysed in conjunction with my readings of Chaste (2007) and Tang’s personal experiences in creating the work. Thus this thesis explores the value of reflection and self reflectivity in the processes of creating performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Barnard, Joni
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76823 , vital:30627
- Description: Located within the discipline of Performance Studies, this thesis seeks to validate performance and theatre, specifically dance theatre, as legitimate fields of research and enquiry that can enrich the polemics surrounding discourse, representation, the body and identity. Within this thesis I explore and analyse the creative processes and performance strategies used in two dance theatres works: Acty Tang’s Chaste (2007) and my own work entitled Displayed and Framed (2008) and how these strategies support the staging of alternative sexualities. I argue that the staging of alternative sexualities calls for an alternative approach to the performance strategies utilised in the production of space, the representations of the body and the use of text in both works. Each work offers a particular exploration of gender and sexuality in the attempt to represent alternative identities, alternative bodies and alternative sexualities. In this thesis I identify the endeavour to stage ‘otherness’ as a feminist endeavour and thus identify the performance strategies utilised in each work as feminist performance strategies. Through my analysis I wish to highlight the ways in which a feminist approach can contribute to and enrich both the staging of and understanding of alternative sexualities. In both Chaste (2007) and Displayed and Framed (2008), the choreographers of each work are also performers in their own work in an endeavour to explore and represent their own identity. The analysis of my own work requires that I play the multiple roles of choreographer, performer and researcher. In this analysis I provide accounts of my own experiences, processes and struggles of creating Displayed and Framed (2008) which are analysed in conjunction with my readings of Chaste (2007) and Tang’s personal experiences in creating the work. Thus this thesis explores the value of reflection and self reflectivity in the processes of creating performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Case study : profitability drivers in the South African airline industry : a comparative analysis of SAA and Comair
- Authors: Batidzirai, Davison Herbert
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: South African Airways , Comair Limited , Airlines -- South Africa , Corporate profits -- South Africa , Organizational effectiveness -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:846 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017191
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Batidzirai, Davison Herbert
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: South African Airways , Comair Limited , Airlines -- South Africa , Corporate profits -- South Africa , Organizational effectiveness -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:846 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017191
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Investigations into the asymmetric reduction of ketones
- Authors: Bena, Luvuyo Clifford
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Ketones , Asymmetric synthesis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:11065 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/323 , Ketones , Asymmetric synthesis
- Description: A six-step synthesis of salbutamol from methyl salicylate with an overall yield of 17% has been completed, although the yield was not optimised. In the process, Zn(BH4)2 was found to selectively reduce a ketone carbonyl group in the presence of an ester unit. In contrast, borane was found to reduce both the ketone and ester carbonyl groups. Reduction of phenacyl bromide with borane in the presence of chiral catalysts based on (R)-alaninol and (R,S)-ephidrine resulted a measure of enantioselectivity in the product. However, the configuration of the alcohol obtained in the case of (R)-alaninol was contrary to expectations based both on experimental trends observed elsewhere as well as our own theoretical predictions. The asymmetric reduction of methyl 5-bromoacetyl-2-benzyloxybenzoate was accomplished with both borane and Zn(BH4)2 in the presence of a range of chiral catalysts. Optically active products were obtained in all cases, although the optical rotations were significantly smaller in the case of Zn(BH4)2. Unfortunately, we were not successful in determining the enantiomeric excesses of these reactions. The use of a NMR lanthanide shift reagent resulted in a complex spectrum that was impossible to interpret unambiguously. This presumably arises from the presence of several Lewis base sites in the product at which complexation with the shift reagent can take place. It was also not possible to determine the optical rotation of salbutamol itself owing to the relatively small amount of material obtained. A conformational analysis of salbutamol, where NMR data was correlated with molecular modelling results, was successfully carried out and revealed a strong preference for that conformer family characterised by O–C–C–N and Ar–C–C–N torsion angles of ca. 60º and 180º, respectively. Interestingly, these conformers are found to be stabilised by OH…N rather than NH…O hydrogen bonding. This study has also confirmed the effectiveness of the MMFF94 force field for conformational analysis studies in compounds of this kind. Lastly, a relatively simple method for modelling the BH3/oxazaborolidine reduction of ketones at the PM3 semiempirical MO level of approximation was devised. This approach has provided insights into the mechanism of the reaction and has furthermore enabled us to predict the enantioselectivities likely to result from various catalysts and ketones. In comparing our theoretical and experimental findings, an anomalous result was observed in the case of (R)-alaninol; this will have to be investigated further, particularly at the experimental level. However, we believe that our approach provides a sound basis for aiding the design and screening of new, potentially better catalysts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Bena, Luvuyo Clifford
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Ketones , Asymmetric synthesis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:11065 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/323 , Ketones , Asymmetric synthesis
- Description: A six-step synthesis of salbutamol from methyl salicylate with an overall yield of 17% has been completed, although the yield was not optimised. In the process, Zn(BH4)2 was found to selectively reduce a ketone carbonyl group in the presence of an ester unit. In contrast, borane was found to reduce both the ketone and ester carbonyl groups. Reduction of phenacyl bromide with borane in the presence of chiral catalysts based on (R)-alaninol and (R,S)-ephidrine resulted a measure of enantioselectivity in the product. However, the configuration of the alcohol obtained in the case of (R)-alaninol was contrary to expectations based both on experimental trends observed elsewhere as well as our own theoretical predictions. The asymmetric reduction of methyl 5-bromoacetyl-2-benzyloxybenzoate was accomplished with both borane and Zn(BH4)2 in the presence of a range of chiral catalysts. Optically active products were obtained in all cases, although the optical rotations were significantly smaller in the case of Zn(BH4)2. Unfortunately, we were not successful in determining the enantiomeric excesses of these reactions. The use of a NMR lanthanide shift reagent resulted in a complex spectrum that was impossible to interpret unambiguously. This presumably arises from the presence of several Lewis base sites in the product at which complexation with the shift reagent can take place. It was also not possible to determine the optical rotation of salbutamol itself owing to the relatively small amount of material obtained. A conformational analysis of salbutamol, where NMR data was correlated with molecular modelling results, was successfully carried out and revealed a strong preference for that conformer family characterised by O–C–C–N and Ar–C–C–N torsion angles of ca. 60º and 180º, respectively. Interestingly, these conformers are found to be stabilised by OH…N rather than NH…O hydrogen bonding. This study has also confirmed the effectiveness of the MMFF94 force field for conformational analysis studies in compounds of this kind. Lastly, a relatively simple method for modelling the BH3/oxazaborolidine reduction of ketones at the PM3 semiempirical MO level of approximation was devised. This approach has provided insights into the mechanism of the reaction and has furthermore enabled us to predict the enantioselectivities likely to result from various catalysts and ketones. In comparing our theoretical and experimental findings, an anomalous result was observed in the case of (R)-alaninol; this will have to be investigated further, particularly at the experimental level. However, we believe that our approach provides a sound basis for aiding the design and screening of new, potentially better catalysts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
The evaluation of waste minimization/waste treatment strategies for a commercial production process of 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide
- Authors: Bennen, Wilroy
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Hazardous wastes , Hazardous substances -- Analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Chemistry)
- Identifier: vital:10951 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/97 , Hazardous wastes , Hazardous substances -- Analysis
- Description: Chemical synthesis is closely related to waste minimization. There is no chemical process that does not produce waste. The methods used by industry to deal with this waste is a major environmental concern. This thesis describes the laboratory scale waste minimization and waste treatment strategies for the commercial production process of 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide (MTSC). The production process of 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide was investigated with the aim of increasing the isolated yield of MTSC and at the same time decrease the amount and toxicity of effluent obtained. During this study, parameters were investigated such as the use of excess DIPEA and the temperature of the reaction. Preliminary studies clearly showed that both factors have a significant influence on the final yield of the product. The next part of the investigation was to optimize the two parameters influencing the isolated yield of the MTSC. For this investigation, a multi factorial design was used to determine the optimum conditions in the MTSC yield response. From the results obtained, it was clear that the excess of DIPEA and the temperature of the reaction both need to be high to obtain high yields. These theoretical results were confirmed by results obtained practically, where yields of up 82 % were obtained, but it became clear that even higher yields could be obtained since chromatographic results showed yeilds as high as 90 %. The mass balance of the MTSC synthesis showed a loss of approximately 30 grams per reaction. This loss may have an influence on the final yield. The effluent obtained during the synthesis of MTSC was investigated and a waste treatment protocol was established to reduce the high COD value of the MTSC effluent. The protocol consists of two steps used for the clean up of the effluent. The first being a cooling step; the effluent was cooled at 0oC to induce precipitation of a solid, consisting mostly of MTSC. The second step is a high pressure wet oxidation of the effluent with oxygen in a high pressure reactor. The remaining compounds in the effluent were oxidized, resulting in another precipitate, consisting mostly of sulphur. After the oxidation the COD value of the effluent was decreased by 98 % to a value of 0.4 %. The MTSC present in the precipitate obtained after cooling could be isolated and purified, to add to the yield of the synthesis. The sulphur obtained during the oxidation could also be isolated and reused, or sold to prevent it from contaminating the environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Bennen, Wilroy
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Hazardous wastes , Hazardous substances -- Analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Chemistry)
- Identifier: vital:10951 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/97 , Hazardous wastes , Hazardous substances -- Analysis
- Description: Chemical synthesis is closely related to waste minimization. There is no chemical process that does not produce waste. The methods used by industry to deal with this waste is a major environmental concern. This thesis describes the laboratory scale waste minimization and waste treatment strategies for the commercial production process of 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide (MTSC). The production process of 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide was investigated with the aim of increasing the isolated yield of MTSC and at the same time decrease the amount and toxicity of effluent obtained. During this study, parameters were investigated such as the use of excess DIPEA and the temperature of the reaction. Preliminary studies clearly showed that both factors have a significant influence on the final yield of the product. The next part of the investigation was to optimize the two parameters influencing the isolated yield of the MTSC. For this investigation, a multi factorial design was used to determine the optimum conditions in the MTSC yield response. From the results obtained, it was clear that the excess of DIPEA and the temperature of the reaction both need to be high to obtain high yields. These theoretical results were confirmed by results obtained practically, where yields of up 82 % were obtained, but it became clear that even higher yields could be obtained since chromatographic results showed yeilds as high as 90 %. The mass balance of the MTSC synthesis showed a loss of approximately 30 grams per reaction. This loss may have an influence on the final yield. The effluent obtained during the synthesis of MTSC was investigated and a waste treatment protocol was established to reduce the high COD value of the MTSC effluent. The protocol consists of two steps used for the clean up of the effluent. The first being a cooling step; the effluent was cooled at 0oC to induce precipitation of a solid, consisting mostly of MTSC. The second step is a high pressure wet oxidation of the effluent with oxygen in a high pressure reactor. The remaining compounds in the effluent were oxidized, resulting in another precipitate, consisting mostly of sulphur. After the oxidation the COD value of the effluent was decreased by 98 % to a value of 0.4 %. The MTSC present in the precipitate obtained after cooling could be isolated and purified, to add to the yield of the synthesis. The sulphur obtained during the oxidation could also be isolated and reused, or sold to prevent it from contaminating the environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Psychosocial behaviour of male learners after traditional male circumcision in Mdantsane, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Bokolo, Nokwanda
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Circumcision
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/16709 , vital:40764
- Description: Male circumcision is an old Xhosa tradition that is still widely practised throughout South Africa. The Xhosa community in Eastern Cape, South Africa, values traditional male circumcision and regard it as a heritage from the ancestors, which prepares the initiate for transition to manhood. There are health problems and physical complications related to circumcision, although parental decisions regarding circumcision and the medical hygiene have been widely researched. However, scanty information exists on the psychological and social behaviours of male learners after male circumcision. The present study aims to fill the gap by exploring the psychosocial behaviors of male learners after traditional male circumcision in Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Bokolo, Nokwanda
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Circumcision
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/16709 , vital:40764
- Description: Male circumcision is an old Xhosa tradition that is still widely practised throughout South Africa. The Xhosa community in Eastern Cape, South Africa, values traditional male circumcision and regard it as a heritage from the ancestors, which prepares the initiate for transition to manhood. There are health problems and physical complications related to circumcision, although parental decisions regarding circumcision and the medical hygiene have been widely researched. However, scanty information exists on the psychological and social behaviours of male learners after male circumcision. The present study aims to fill the gap by exploring the psychosocial behaviors of male learners after traditional male circumcision in Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
An investigation into the Local Economic Development (LED) as a cross-cutting issue in the municipality's integrated development plan: a case of Inkwanca Local Municipality
- Authors: Douglas, Sibongile Claude
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Finance, Public -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal finance , Municipal government -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9002 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011664 , Finance, Public -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal finance , Municipal government -- South Africa
- Description: Though it can be argued that the new democratic government has made tremendous strides in its first decades of democracy, continuing poverty and inequality tends to undermine the gains. Faced by this development dilemma, the government has adopted various development endeavours in an attempt to address issues of social and economic development. The topic of Local Economic Development has received considerable attention from both government and scholars in recent years. At the heart of the concept of LED are enshrined the goals of creating employment and promoting the economic growth and development of a locality or local area. It is in this context that the main objective of the study was to investigate the implementation of Local Economic Development as a cross-cutting dimension in the Integrated Development Plan of the Inkwanca Municipality of in the Eastern Cape Province. The construction of a bridge in the town of Sterkstroom was used as a case study to assess the ability of the municipality to plan and implement a LED project in a coordinated and integrated manner. The study used the combination of both methods of data collection, namely the qualitative and quantitative methods. The tool used to collect data was an interview schedule which consisted of open and closed ended questions. Findings by this study revealed that LED planning and implementation within the municipality does not receive the priority it so deserves and therefore it can not be regarded as the panacea for the development challenges confronted by the community in the municipality. Since LED has failed to create sustainable jobs and grow the local economy, questions can be raised about the efficiency of the municipality in its implementation of LED as a cross–cutting dimension. There appears to have been little cooperation with the LED Unit on the implementation of the Sokoyi Bridge construction project. Neither was there a concerted effort on the part of the municipality to use the project to build skills among the workers that they could use in future initiatives. The study revealed that the line function departments within the municipality could not plan their activities and programmes in a coordinated and integrated manner. Planning is characterised by ‘silo-functioning’. Furthermore, intergovernmental coordination amongst the various spheres of government has been and remains a challenge. Intergovernmental coordination and collaboration needed to be strengthened. The Integrated Development Plan of the municipality which is supposed to be a strategic coordination and integration tool has failed to achieve its objective and as such planning happens in an ad hoc and fragmented fashion. A plan-led system is needed to bring focus and allow long term public interest to guide the development of places. The National Development Plan state that “it will take time to create this capability, drawing on fuller understanding of the limitations of current arrangements and incorporating the lessons of good international practise.” (NDP, 2011: 263). Having a policy in place does not guarantee that there will be developmental or pro-poor outcomes. This study indicated that there are real capacity constraints in local government to plan in an integrated and coordinated manner. The Inkwanca Municipality did not use the developmental opportunities presented by the bridge construction project to its fullest extent. A lack of coordination limited the ability of the municipality to move beyond short-term job creation through a more integrated programme that could have had a broader positive impact on the residents of the Inkwanca municipality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Douglas, Sibongile Claude
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Finance, Public -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal finance , Municipal government -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9002 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011664 , Finance, Public -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal finance , Municipal government -- South Africa
- Description: Though it can be argued that the new democratic government has made tremendous strides in its first decades of democracy, continuing poverty and inequality tends to undermine the gains. Faced by this development dilemma, the government has adopted various development endeavours in an attempt to address issues of social and economic development. The topic of Local Economic Development has received considerable attention from both government and scholars in recent years. At the heart of the concept of LED are enshrined the goals of creating employment and promoting the economic growth and development of a locality or local area. It is in this context that the main objective of the study was to investigate the implementation of Local Economic Development as a cross-cutting dimension in the Integrated Development Plan of the Inkwanca Municipality of in the Eastern Cape Province. The construction of a bridge in the town of Sterkstroom was used as a case study to assess the ability of the municipality to plan and implement a LED project in a coordinated and integrated manner. The study used the combination of both methods of data collection, namely the qualitative and quantitative methods. The tool used to collect data was an interview schedule which consisted of open and closed ended questions. Findings by this study revealed that LED planning and implementation within the municipality does not receive the priority it so deserves and therefore it can not be regarded as the panacea for the development challenges confronted by the community in the municipality. Since LED has failed to create sustainable jobs and grow the local economy, questions can be raised about the efficiency of the municipality in its implementation of LED as a cross–cutting dimension. There appears to have been little cooperation with the LED Unit on the implementation of the Sokoyi Bridge construction project. Neither was there a concerted effort on the part of the municipality to use the project to build skills among the workers that they could use in future initiatives. The study revealed that the line function departments within the municipality could not plan their activities and programmes in a coordinated and integrated manner. Planning is characterised by ‘silo-functioning’. Furthermore, intergovernmental coordination amongst the various spheres of government has been and remains a challenge. Intergovernmental coordination and collaboration needed to be strengthened. The Integrated Development Plan of the municipality which is supposed to be a strategic coordination and integration tool has failed to achieve its objective and as such planning happens in an ad hoc and fragmented fashion. A plan-led system is needed to bring focus and allow long term public interest to guide the development of places. The National Development Plan state that “it will take time to create this capability, drawing on fuller understanding of the limitations of current arrangements and incorporating the lessons of good international practise.” (NDP, 2011: 263). Having a policy in place does not guarantee that there will be developmental or pro-poor outcomes. This study indicated that there are real capacity constraints in local government to plan in an integrated and coordinated manner. The Inkwanca Municipality did not use the developmental opportunities presented by the bridge construction project to its fullest extent. A lack of coordination limited the ability of the municipality to move beyond short-term job creation through a more integrated programme that could have had a broader positive impact on the residents of the Inkwanca municipality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
An evaluation of security issues in cloud-based file sharing technologies
- Authors: Fana, Akhona
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Cloud computing -- Security measures Computer networks -- Security measures Computer security
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1841 , vital:27565
- Description: Cloud computing is one of the most promising technologies for backup and data storage that provides flexible access to data. Cloud computing plays a vital role in remote backup. It is so unfortunate that this computing technique has flaws that thrilled and edgy end users in implementing it effectively. These flaws include factors like lack of integrity, confidentiality and privacy to information. A secure cloud is impossible unless the computer-generated environment is appropriately secured. In any form of technology it is always advisable that security challenges must be prior identified and fixed before the implementation of that particular technology. Primarily, this study will focus on finding security issues in cloud computing with the objective of finding concerns like credential theft and session management in the ―Cloud‖. Main arguments like HTTP banner disclosure, Bash ―ShellShock‖ Injection and password issues were discovered during the stages of study implementation. These challenges may provide information that will permit hackers in manipulating and exploiting cloud environment. Identifying credential theft and session management in cloud-based file sharing technologies a mixed method approach was implemented throughout the course of the study due to the nature of study and unity of analysis. Penetration tests were performed as security testing technique. Prevention and guideline of security threats leads to a friendly and authentic world of technology.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Fana, Akhona
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Cloud computing -- Security measures Computer networks -- Security measures Computer security
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1841 , vital:27565
- Description: Cloud computing is one of the most promising technologies for backup and data storage that provides flexible access to data. Cloud computing plays a vital role in remote backup. It is so unfortunate that this computing technique has flaws that thrilled and edgy end users in implementing it effectively. These flaws include factors like lack of integrity, confidentiality and privacy to information. A secure cloud is impossible unless the computer-generated environment is appropriately secured. In any form of technology it is always advisable that security challenges must be prior identified and fixed before the implementation of that particular technology. Primarily, this study will focus on finding security issues in cloud computing with the objective of finding concerns like credential theft and session management in the ―Cloud‖. Main arguments like HTTP banner disclosure, Bash ―ShellShock‖ Injection and password issues were discovered during the stages of study implementation. These challenges may provide information that will permit hackers in manipulating and exploiting cloud environment. Identifying credential theft and session management in cloud-based file sharing technologies a mixed method approach was implemented throughout the course of the study due to the nature of study and unity of analysis. Penetration tests were performed as security testing technique. Prevention and guideline of security threats leads to a friendly and authentic world of technology.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A structural investigation of the sulphated polysaccharide pachymenia carnos (J. Ag.) J. Ag.
- Authors: Farrant, Annette J
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Polysaccharides Red algae -- Composition
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4470 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011785
- Description: The highly sulphated, methylated polysaccharide isolated from Pachymenia Carnosa, a red seaweed, was shown to contain D- galactose, 2-o (underscore) methyl-D- galactose, 6-o (underscore) -methyl- D- galactose and 4-o (underscore)-methylgalactose. The polysaccharide was desulphated with methanolic hydrogen chloride. Methylation of the desulphated polysaccharide revealed that it was composed entirely of (1→73) and (1→4) links in approximately equal amounts. Treatment of the polysaccharide with alkali showed that the majority of the ester sulphate groups were alkali-stable. Partial hydrolysis and acetolysis studies indicated that the polysaccharide was extremely complex, and contained alternate (1→3) and β (1→4) glycosidic linkages. There is evidence for the presence of D-galactose-6-sulphate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1972
- Authors: Farrant, Annette J
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Polysaccharides Red algae -- Composition
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4470 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011785
- Description: The highly sulphated, methylated polysaccharide isolated from Pachymenia Carnosa, a red seaweed, was shown to contain D- galactose, 2-o (underscore) methyl-D- galactose, 6-o (underscore) -methyl- D- galactose and 4-o (underscore)-methylgalactose. The polysaccharide was desulphated with methanolic hydrogen chloride. Methylation of the desulphated polysaccharide revealed that it was composed entirely of (1→73) and (1→4) links in approximately equal amounts. Treatment of the polysaccharide with alkali showed that the majority of the ester sulphate groups were alkali-stable. Partial hydrolysis and acetolysis studies indicated that the polysaccharide was extremely complex, and contained alternate (1→3) and β (1→4) glycosidic linkages. There is evidence for the presence of D-galactose-6-sulphate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1972
The leadership characteristics and development of Doctor Trudy Thomas : a case study in servant-leadership
- Authors: Fietze, Jennifer Anne
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Servant leadership , Thomas, Trudi , Leadership -- South Africa -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:860 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020184
- Description: Doctor Trudy Thomas is a leader that served; as a medical doctor and as a public servant over five decades during and after the apartheid era in South Africa. The aim of this qualitative study was to identify the leadership characteristics that are evident in Doctor Thomas, the former MEC for Health for the Province of the Eastern Cape; as a leader and to explore how they developed over five decades, given her role within healthcare in South Africa. The first requirement of a servant-leader according to Robert Greenleaf (the contemporary pioneer of servant-leadership) (Greenleaf, 1977), is that the leader is a servant first and starts with a desire to serve. Doctor Thomas started her professional life as a medical missionary doctor, a profession that by its nature is serving and ultimately healing, in the poor rural communities of the Eastern Cape. Her leadership grew out of her initial concern for her patients and their communities and by the opportunities that she was presented with to apply her skills to serve. She was able to identify the deeper needs within these communities and was able to envision practical solutions to these problems, enlisting the assistance of others. Throughout her leadership journey she exhibited humility, and many other trademarks of a servant-leader. She did not see herself as a leader, believing rather that it was a privilege to serve and help people. This study was therefore able to conclude that the leadership that Doctor Thomas has exhibited is that of a servant-leader and that her leadership journey was unintentional and grew out of her desire and ability to serve. This thesis consists of three separate yet interrelated sections. Section One, The Academic Case Study is a holistic, biographical academic case study on an individual. The outcomes of this research are presented as an academic paper, which includes a condensed literature review, results and discussion, as well as recommendations for future research. It also presents recommendations regarding the application of servant-leadership in service industries like Healthcare in South Africa. The presentation of the results is predominantly qualitative with some quantitative aspects. Section Two, The Literature Review presents an extensive review of literature that relates to the phenomena of leadership; servant-leadership; leader and leadership development; servant-leadership development through service and finally servant-leadership in South Africa. Other aspects like Ubuntu and Unintentional leadership are examined. The literature review conducted serves as a broad foundation for understanding servant-leadership but does not purely focus on the issues of this individual study. Section Three, The Research Methodology is an outline of the research aim and objectives, and the research paradigm that has been adopted. The discussion also details the research methodology; the case study method; an inductive approach; an intersubjective position; the individual researched; data collection techniques and analysis; objectivity; issues of quality; ethics; and the limitations of this research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Fietze, Jennifer Anne
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Servant leadership , Thomas, Trudi , Leadership -- South Africa -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:860 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020184
- Description: Doctor Trudy Thomas is a leader that served; as a medical doctor and as a public servant over five decades during and after the apartheid era in South Africa. The aim of this qualitative study was to identify the leadership characteristics that are evident in Doctor Thomas, the former MEC for Health for the Province of the Eastern Cape; as a leader and to explore how they developed over five decades, given her role within healthcare in South Africa. The first requirement of a servant-leader according to Robert Greenleaf (the contemporary pioneer of servant-leadership) (Greenleaf, 1977), is that the leader is a servant first and starts with a desire to serve. Doctor Thomas started her professional life as a medical missionary doctor, a profession that by its nature is serving and ultimately healing, in the poor rural communities of the Eastern Cape. Her leadership grew out of her initial concern for her patients and their communities and by the opportunities that she was presented with to apply her skills to serve. She was able to identify the deeper needs within these communities and was able to envision practical solutions to these problems, enlisting the assistance of others. Throughout her leadership journey she exhibited humility, and many other trademarks of a servant-leader. She did not see herself as a leader, believing rather that it was a privilege to serve and help people. This study was therefore able to conclude that the leadership that Doctor Thomas has exhibited is that of a servant-leader and that her leadership journey was unintentional and grew out of her desire and ability to serve. This thesis consists of three separate yet interrelated sections. Section One, The Academic Case Study is a holistic, biographical academic case study on an individual. The outcomes of this research are presented as an academic paper, which includes a condensed literature review, results and discussion, as well as recommendations for future research. It also presents recommendations regarding the application of servant-leadership in service industries like Healthcare in South Africa. The presentation of the results is predominantly qualitative with some quantitative aspects. Section Two, The Literature Review presents an extensive review of literature that relates to the phenomena of leadership; servant-leadership; leader and leadership development; servant-leadership development through service and finally servant-leadership in South Africa. Other aspects like Ubuntu and Unintentional leadership are examined. The literature review conducted serves as a broad foundation for understanding servant-leadership but does not purely focus on the issues of this individual study. Section Three, The Research Methodology is an outline of the research aim and objectives, and the research paradigm that has been adopted. The discussion also details the research methodology; the case study method; an inductive approach; an intersubjective position; the individual researched; data collection techniques and analysis; objectivity; issues of quality; ethics; and the limitations of this research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
The politics and poetics of choreography the dancing body in South African dance
- Authors: Finestone, Juanita
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Dance -- South Africa , Gordon, Gary -- Unspeakable Story , Orlin, Robyn -- In A Corner The Sky Surrenders
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2138 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002370 , Dance -- South Africa , Gordon, Gary -- Unspeakable Story , Orlin, Robyn -- In A Corner The Sky Surrenders
- Description: This mini-thesis is situated in the discourse on patriarchy, nationhood and its artistic forms. It is argued that an uncritical pursuit of commonality as a political aesthetic strategy for dance in South Africa repeats the metaphysical foundationalism of this discourse. It is further suggested that a postmodern ethos subverts this heritage, while at the same time offering a viable alternative for accommodating and representing the cultural diversity and plurality characteristic of current theatre dance in South Africa. Chapter One examines the way dance has historically structured its patriarchal form the postmodern discourses Chapter Two as a site and practice through explores the potential of deconstruction and destabilisation of this dance heritage. This chapter also assesses the relevance of a postmodern alternative in a South African dance context. Chapter Three analyses the postmodern choreographic strategies of two South African choreographers, Gary Gordon and Robyn Orlin, in order to reveal how their dance vision to patriarchal aesthetic form and offers an uncritical alternative notions of commonality. In conclusion, it is argued postmodern ethos embodied in the work that the of these choreographers provides viable directions for formulating and articulating new dance directions for theatre dance in South Africa while, at the same time, bearing witness to the diversity that will always structure expressions of commonality in South African dance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Finestone, Juanita
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Dance -- South Africa , Gordon, Gary -- Unspeakable Story , Orlin, Robyn -- In A Corner The Sky Surrenders
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2138 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002370 , Dance -- South Africa , Gordon, Gary -- Unspeakable Story , Orlin, Robyn -- In A Corner The Sky Surrenders
- Description: This mini-thesis is situated in the discourse on patriarchy, nationhood and its artistic forms. It is argued that an uncritical pursuit of commonality as a political aesthetic strategy for dance in South Africa repeats the metaphysical foundationalism of this discourse. It is further suggested that a postmodern ethos subverts this heritage, while at the same time offering a viable alternative for accommodating and representing the cultural diversity and plurality characteristic of current theatre dance in South Africa. Chapter One examines the way dance has historically structured its patriarchal form the postmodern discourses Chapter Two as a site and practice through explores the potential of deconstruction and destabilisation of this dance heritage. This chapter also assesses the relevance of a postmodern alternative in a South African dance context. Chapter Three analyses the postmodern choreographic strategies of two South African choreographers, Gary Gordon and Robyn Orlin, in order to reveal how their dance vision to patriarchal aesthetic form and offers an uncritical alternative notions of commonality. In conclusion, it is argued postmodern ethos embodied in the work that the of these choreographers provides viable directions for formulating and articulating new dance directions for theatre dance in South Africa while, at the same time, bearing witness to the diversity that will always structure expressions of commonality in South African dance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
Externalism, self-knowledge and explanation
- Authors: Flockemann, Richard
- Date: 2013-06-11
- Subjects: Burge, Tyler Externalism (Philosophy of mind) Self-knowledge, Theory of Philosophy of mind
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2743 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008060
- Description: In recent years, much attention has been given to the question of whether content externalism is compatible with an account of self-knowledge maintaining that we have an epistemically privileged access to the content of our propositional mental states. Philosophers who maintain the two are incompatible (incompatibilists) have put forward two majors types of challenge, which I call - following Martin Davies - the Achievement and Consequence Problems, which aim to demonstrate that self-knowledge cannot be reconciled with externalism. These challenges have spawned a great deal of literature, and a diverse range of arguments and positions have emerged in response. In this dissertation, I intend to focus on examples of these different avenues of response, and show how none of them are adequate. In the first chapter, I lay the groundwork for the debate, setting up how externalism and self-knowledge are to be understood, and outlining both the incompatibilist challenges as well as the available responses to them. In the second chapter I examine these responses in more detail, concluding finally that the best available response is Tyler Burge's. Burge has two arguments that together establish his compatibilist position. First, he shows that even if externalism is true, our judgements about our occurrent thoughts are immunejrom error. This establishes that our judgements about our thoughts must be true. Second, he offers a transcendental argument for self-knowledge, arguing that our access to our mental states must be not only true, but non-accidentally true, in a way sufficient for genuine knowledge. This establishes that we possess the correct epistemic entitlement to our thoughts. In the third chapter, I argue Burge's arguments do not, in fact, give us good reason to suppose externalism and self-knowledge to be compatible. This, I argue, is because B urge relies upon a transcendental argument, which, in this context, cannot establish that we have self-knowledge if externalism is true. All it establishes, I argue, is that we do possess self-knowledge. And this is insufficient to establish that externalism and self-knowledge are compatible. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Authors: Flockemann, Richard
- Date: 2013-06-11
- Subjects: Burge, Tyler Externalism (Philosophy of mind) Self-knowledge, Theory of Philosophy of mind
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2743 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008060
- Description: In recent years, much attention has been given to the question of whether content externalism is compatible with an account of self-knowledge maintaining that we have an epistemically privileged access to the content of our propositional mental states. Philosophers who maintain the two are incompatible (incompatibilists) have put forward two majors types of challenge, which I call - following Martin Davies - the Achievement and Consequence Problems, which aim to demonstrate that self-knowledge cannot be reconciled with externalism. These challenges have spawned a great deal of literature, and a diverse range of arguments and positions have emerged in response. In this dissertation, I intend to focus on examples of these different avenues of response, and show how none of them are adequate. In the first chapter, I lay the groundwork for the debate, setting up how externalism and self-knowledge are to be understood, and outlining both the incompatibilist challenges as well as the available responses to them. In the second chapter I examine these responses in more detail, concluding finally that the best available response is Tyler Burge's. Burge has two arguments that together establish his compatibilist position. First, he shows that even if externalism is true, our judgements about our occurrent thoughts are immunejrom error. This establishes that our judgements about our thoughts must be true. Second, he offers a transcendental argument for self-knowledge, arguing that our access to our mental states must be not only true, but non-accidentally true, in a way sufficient for genuine knowledge. This establishes that we possess the correct epistemic entitlement to our thoughts. In the third chapter, I argue Burge's arguments do not, in fact, give us good reason to suppose externalism and self-knowledge to be compatible. This, I argue, is because B urge relies upon a transcendental argument, which, in this context, cannot establish that we have self-knowledge if externalism is true. All it establishes, I argue, is that we do possess self-knowledge. And this is insufficient to establish that externalism and self-knowledge are compatible. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
A critical study in the management of the female adolescent voice
- Authors: Goosen, Gysbert Jacobus
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Voice, Change of , Women singers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3438 , vital:20430
- Description: This treatise is a qualitative study that critically explores a current body of knowledge significant to the development of the female adolescent voice. The female adolescent voice is a field that is relatively under-researched in comparison to the male adolescent voice, although research in this regard has shown an increase in interest in the last two decades (Gackle 2011: 11). However, information related to the male adolescent voice still far outweighs the female adolescent voice. This study, through the use of six secondary objectives, identifies and highlights areas of the female adolescent voice development, where much of the current research lacks depth and insight. It therefore analyses and compares applicable literature in an attempt principally to contribute to a more structured and academic approach in this field. Insight into the auditory effects that occur during physiological mutation is further supported by investigating the functioning of the female voice registers and the respective influences of these on the different phases of vocal development of the female adolescent. The assistance and expertise of the conductor in this process, as well as in common areas such as voice classification, auditioning, voice placement, and repertoire selection are investigated to further consolidate and compare possible interventions for problems pertaining specifically to the female adolescent voice. The study concludes with a summary of the treatise and proposes suggestions for further study in this field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Goosen, Gysbert Jacobus
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Voice, Change of , Women singers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3438 , vital:20430
- Description: This treatise is a qualitative study that critically explores a current body of knowledge significant to the development of the female adolescent voice. The female adolescent voice is a field that is relatively under-researched in comparison to the male adolescent voice, although research in this regard has shown an increase in interest in the last two decades (Gackle 2011: 11). However, information related to the male adolescent voice still far outweighs the female adolescent voice. This study, through the use of six secondary objectives, identifies and highlights areas of the female adolescent voice development, where much of the current research lacks depth and insight. It therefore analyses and compares applicable literature in an attempt principally to contribute to a more structured and academic approach in this field. Insight into the auditory effects that occur during physiological mutation is further supported by investigating the functioning of the female voice registers and the respective influences of these on the different phases of vocal development of the female adolescent. The assistance and expertise of the conductor in this process, as well as in common areas such as voice classification, auditioning, voice placement, and repertoire selection are investigated to further consolidate and compare possible interventions for problems pertaining specifically to the female adolescent voice. The study concludes with a summary of the treatise and proposes suggestions for further study in this field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Ionospheric disturbances during magnetic storms at SANAE
- Authors: Hiyadutuje, Alicreance
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54956 , vital:26639
- Description: The coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares associated with extreme solar activity may strike the Earth's magnetosphere and give rise to geomagnetic storms. During geomagnetic storms, the polar plasma dynamics may influence the middle and low-latitude ionosphere via travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). These are wave-like electron density disturbances caused by atmospheric gravity waves propagating in the ionosphere. TIDs focus and defocus SuperDARN signals producing a characteristic pattern of ground backscattered power (Samson et al., 1989). Geomagnetic storms may cause a decrease of total electron content (TEC), i.e. a negative storm effect, or/and an increase of TEC, i.e. a positive storm effect. The aim of this project was to investigate the ionospheric response to strong storms (Dst < -100 nT) between 2011 and 2015, using TEC and scintillation measurements derived from GPS receivers as well as SuperDARN power, Doppler velocity and convection maps. In this study the ionosphere's response to geomagnetic storms is determined by the magnitude and time of occurrence of the geomagnetic storm. The ionospheric TEC results of this study show that most of the storm effects observed were a combination of both negative and positive per storm per station (77.8%), and only 8.9% and 13.3% of effects on TEC were negative and positive respectively. The highest number of storm effects occurred in autumn (36.4%), while 31.6%, 28.4% and 3.6% occurred in winter, spring and summer respectively. During the storms studied, 71.4% had phase scintillation in the range of 0.7 - 1 radians, and only 14.3% of the storms had amplitude scintillations near 0.4. The storms studied at SANAE station generated TIDs with periods of less than an hour and amplitudes in the range 0.2 - 5 TECU. These TIDs were found to originate from the high-velocity plasma flows, some of which are visible in SuperDARN convection maps. Early studies concluded that likely sources of these disturbances correspond to ionospheric current surges (Bristow et al., 1994) in the dayside auroral zone (Huang et al., 1998).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Hiyadutuje, Alicreance
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54956 , vital:26639
- Description: The coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares associated with extreme solar activity may strike the Earth's magnetosphere and give rise to geomagnetic storms. During geomagnetic storms, the polar plasma dynamics may influence the middle and low-latitude ionosphere via travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). These are wave-like electron density disturbances caused by atmospheric gravity waves propagating in the ionosphere. TIDs focus and defocus SuperDARN signals producing a characteristic pattern of ground backscattered power (Samson et al., 1989). Geomagnetic storms may cause a decrease of total electron content (TEC), i.e. a negative storm effect, or/and an increase of TEC, i.e. a positive storm effect. The aim of this project was to investigate the ionospheric response to strong storms (Dst < -100 nT) between 2011 and 2015, using TEC and scintillation measurements derived from GPS receivers as well as SuperDARN power, Doppler velocity and convection maps. In this study the ionosphere's response to geomagnetic storms is determined by the magnitude and time of occurrence of the geomagnetic storm. The ionospheric TEC results of this study show that most of the storm effects observed were a combination of both negative and positive per storm per station (77.8%), and only 8.9% and 13.3% of effects on TEC were negative and positive respectively. The highest number of storm effects occurred in autumn (36.4%), while 31.6%, 28.4% and 3.6% occurred in winter, spring and summer respectively. During the storms studied, 71.4% had phase scintillation in the range of 0.7 - 1 radians, and only 14.3% of the storms had amplitude scintillations near 0.4. The storms studied at SANAE station generated TIDs with periods of less than an hour and amplitudes in the range 0.2 - 5 TECU. These TIDs were found to originate from the high-velocity plasma flows, some of which are visible in SuperDARN convection maps. Early studies concluded that likely sources of these disturbances correspond to ionospheric current surges (Bristow et al., 1994) in the dayside auroral zone (Huang et al., 1998).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Novel components of Acacia mearnsii
- Authors: Ilsley, Anthony Hugh
- Date: 1969
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:21164 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6673
- Description: From Summary: From the complex mixture of flavonoid components present in the heartwood of the black wattle tree (Acacia mearnsii) four new compounds have been isolated. These include a novel dioxane-linked dimeric proanthocyanidin based on leucofisetinidin. This is the first proanthocyanidin of its type to be isolated from a natural source. I solation was achieved by standard counter current partition separation and preparative paper chromatographic techniques. The compound, which forms an anthocyanidin, was identified by micro-degradation, and n.m.r. and mass spectrometry. Comparison of the spin-spin coupling constants of the heterocylic rings' protons with those of authentic monomeric flavan-3, 4-diols showed that the heterocyclic rings of the two symmetrical flavan moeities have 2,3-trans-3,4-cis configurations. Dreiding models suggest that the central dioxane ring has a half-boat conformation while the heterocyclic rings of the two flavan units have five point coplanar conformations. Two possible absolute configurations have been proposed
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969
- Authors: Ilsley, Anthony Hugh
- Date: 1969
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:21164 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6673
- Description: From Summary: From the complex mixture of flavonoid components present in the heartwood of the black wattle tree (Acacia mearnsii) four new compounds have been isolated. These include a novel dioxane-linked dimeric proanthocyanidin based on leucofisetinidin. This is the first proanthocyanidin of its type to be isolated from a natural source. I solation was achieved by standard counter current partition separation and preparative paper chromatographic techniques. The compound, which forms an anthocyanidin, was identified by micro-degradation, and n.m.r. and mass spectrometry. Comparison of the spin-spin coupling constants of the heterocylic rings' protons with those of authentic monomeric flavan-3, 4-diols showed that the heterocyclic rings of the two symmetrical flavan moeities have 2,3-trans-3,4-cis configurations. Dreiding models suggest that the central dioxane ring has a half-boat conformation while the heterocyclic rings of the two flavan units have five point coplanar conformations. Two possible absolute configurations have been proposed
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969
An investigation into improved ionospheric F1 layer predictions over Grahamstown, South Africa
- Authors: Jacobs, Linda
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Ionosphere , Ionospheric electron density -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Neural networks (Computer Science)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5511 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008094 , Ionosphere , Ionospheric electron density -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Neural networks (Computer Science)
- Description: This thesis describes an analysis of the F1 layer data obtained from the Grahamstown (33.32°S, 26.500 E), South Africa ionospheric station and the use of this data in improving a Neural Network (NN) based model of the F1 layer of the ionosphere. An application for real-time ray tracing through the South African ionosphere was identified, and for this application real-time evaluation of the electron density profile is essential. Raw real-time virtual height data are provided by a Lowell Digisonde (DPS), which employs the automatic scaling software, ARTIST whose output includes the virtual-toreal height data conversion. Experience has shown that there are times when the ray tracing performance is degraded because of difficulties surrounding the real-time characterization of the F1 region by ARTIST. Therefore available DPS data from the archives of the Grahamstown station were re-scaled manually in order to establish the extent of the problem and the times and conditions under which most inaccuracies occur. The re-scaled data were used to update the F1 contribution of an existing NN based ionospheric model, the LAM model, which predicts the values of the parameters required to produce an electron density profile. This thesis describes the development of three separate NNs required to predict the ionospheric characteristics and coefficients that are required to describe the F1 layer profile. Inputs to the NNs include day number, hour and measures of solar and magnetic activity. Outputs include the value of the critical frequency of the F1 layer, foF1, the real height of reflection at the peak, hmFl, as well as information on the state of the F1 layer. All data from the Grahamstown station from 1973 to 2003 was used to train these NNs. Tests show that the predictive ability of the LAM model has been improved by incorporating the re-scaled data.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Jacobs, Linda
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Ionosphere , Ionospheric electron density -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Neural networks (Computer Science)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5511 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008094 , Ionosphere , Ionospheric electron density -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Neural networks (Computer Science)
- Description: This thesis describes an analysis of the F1 layer data obtained from the Grahamstown (33.32°S, 26.500 E), South Africa ionospheric station and the use of this data in improving a Neural Network (NN) based model of the F1 layer of the ionosphere. An application for real-time ray tracing through the South African ionosphere was identified, and for this application real-time evaluation of the electron density profile is essential. Raw real-time virtual height data are provided by a Lowell Digisonde (DPS), which employs the automatic scaling software, ARTIST whose output includes the virtual-toreal height data conversion. Experience has shown that there are times when the ray tracing performance is degraded because of difficulties surrounding the real-time characterization of the F1 region by ARTIST. Therefore available DPS data from the archives of the Grahamstown station were re-scaled manually in order to establish the extent of the problem and the times and conditions under which most inaccuracies occur. The re-scaled data were used to update the F1 contribution of an existing NN based ionospheric model, the LAM model, which predicts the values of the parameters required to produce an electron density profile. This thesis describes the development of three separate NNs required to predict the ionospheric characteristics and coefficients that are required to describe the F1 layer profile. Inputs to the NNs include day number, hour and measures of solar and magnetic activity. Outputs include the value of the critical frequency of the F1 layer, foF1, the real height of reflection at the peak, hmFl, as well as information on the state of the F1 layer. All data from the Grahamstown station from 1973 to 2003 was used to train these NNs. Tests show that the predictive ability of the LAM model has been improved by incorporating the re-scaled data.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Voluntary disclosure programmes and tax amnesties: an international appraisal
- Authors: Jaramba, Toddy
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Tax amnesty -- South Africa , Tax evasion -- South Africa , Investments, Foreign -- Taxation -- South Africa , Tax collection -- South Africa , Tax administration and procedure -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:911 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015666
- Description: Tax amnesties are government programs that typically allow a short period of time for tax evaders to voluntarily repay previously evaded taxes without being subject to penalties and prosecution that discovery of such tax evasion normally brings. Tax amnesties differ widely in terms of coverage, tax types, and incentives offered. A state’s Voluntary Disclosure Programme is another avenue available to taxpayers to assist them in resolving their state tax delinquencies. This programme is an on-going programme as compared to a tax amnesty, which is there for a limited time period only. The main goal of the research was to describe the tax amnesty and the voluntary disclosure programmes in South Africa and to assess their advantages and disadvantages. This thesis also discussed another form of voluntary disclosure programme, referred to as an Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Programme, which allows taxpayers with unreported foreign bank accounts, and presumably unreported foreign income, to voluntarily disclose their affairs. The study found that, due to tax amnesties, Government raises more tax revenue not only in the short run from collecting overdue taxes but also by bringing former non-filers back into the tax system for the long run. It was also found that, initially short-run revenue brought in from overdue taxes will be positive for the first amnesty and then decline each time the amnesty is offered repeatedly. The reason for the decline in revenue might be that tax amnesties provide incentives for otherwise honest taxpayers to start evading taxes because they will anticipate the offering of future amnesties, thereby weakening tax compliance. The costs associated with amnesty programmes include negative long run revenue impact and also that amnesty programmes reduce compliance by taxpayers in the long-run. In South Africa tax amnesties, especially the voluntary disclosure programme, are likely to be successful since they will increase the revenue yield and also bring non-filers back on the tax rolls.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Jaramba, Toddy
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Tax amnesty -- South Africa , Tax evasion -- South Africa , Investments, Foreign -- Taxation -- South Africa , Tax collection -- South Africa , Tax administration and procedure -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:911 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015666
- Description: Tax amnesties are government programs that typically allow a short period of time for tax evaders to voluntarily repay previously evaded taxes without being subject to penalties and prosecution that discovery of such tax evasion normally brings. Tax amnesties differ widely in terms of coverage, tax types, and incentives offered. A state’s Voluntary Disclosure Programme is another avenue available to taxpayers to assist them in resolving their state tax delinquencies. This programme is an on-going programme as compared to a tax amnesty, which is there for a limited time period only. The main goal of the research was to describe the tax amnesty and the voluntary disclosure programmes in South Africa and to assess their advantages and disadvantages. This thesis also discussed another form of voluntary disclosure programme, referred to as an Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Programme, which allows taxpayers with unreported foreign bank accounts, and presumably unreported foreign income, to voluntarily disclose their affairs. The study found that, due to tax amnesties, Government raises more tax revenue not only in the short run from collecting overdue taxes but also by bringing former non-filers back into the tax system for the long run. It was also found that, initially short-run revenue brought in from overdue taxes will be positive for the first amnesty and then decline each time the amnesty is offered repeatedly. The reason for the decline in revenue might be that tax amnesties provide incentives for otherwise honest taxpayers to start evading taxes because they will anticipate the offering of future amnesties, thereby weakening tax compliance. The costs associated with amnesty programmes include negative long run revenue impact and also that amnesty programmes reduce compliance by taxpayers in the long-run. In South Africa tax amnesties, especially the voluntary disclosure programme, are likely to be successful since they will increase the revenue yield and also bring non-filers back on the tax rolls.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Macroeconomic convergence within SADC : implications for the formation of a regional monetary union
- Authors: Johns, Michael Ryan
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Southern African Development Community , Economic and Monetary Union , Common Monetary Area (Organization) , Economic policy -- Africa, Southern , Monetary policy -- Africa, Southern , Monetary unions , Macroeconomics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1023 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002758 , Southern African Development Community , Economic and Monetary Union , Common Monetary Area (Organization) , Economic policy -- Africa, Southern , Monetary policy -- Africa, Southern , Monetary unions , Macroeconomics
- Description: Given the growing effect that globalisation and integration has had upon economies and regions, the process of monetary union has become an increasingly topical issue in economic policy debates. This has been driven in part by the experience and successes of the European Monetary Union (EMU), which is widely perceived as beneficial to member countries. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is an example of a group of countries that has realised that there are benefits that may arise from economic integration. This paper makes use of an interest-rate pass through model to investigate whether the pass-through of monetary policy transmission in ten SADC countries has become more similar between January 1990 and December 2007 using monthly interest rate data. This is done to determine the extent of macroeconomic convergence that prevails within SADC, and consequently establish whether the formation of a regional monetary union is feasible. The results of the empirical pass-through model were robust and show that there are certain countries that have a more efficient and similar monetary transmission process than others. In particular, the countries that form the Common Monetary Area (CMA) and the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) tend to show evidence of convergence in monetary policy transmission, especially since 2000. In addition, from analysis of the long-run pass-through, the results reveal that there is evidence that Malawi and Zambia have shown signs of convergence toward the countries that form the CMA and SACU, in terms of monetary policy transmission. The study concludes that a SADC wide monetary union is currently not feasible based on the evidence provided from the results of the pass-through analysis. Despite this, it can be tentatively suggested that the CMA may be expanded to include Botswana, Malawi and Zambia.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Johns, Michael Ryan
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Southern African Development Community , Economic and Monetary Union , Common Monetary Area (Organization) , Economic policy -- Africa, Southern , Monetary policy -- Africa, Southern , Monetary unions , Macroeconomics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1023 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002758 , Southern African Development Community , Economic and Monetary Union , Common Monetary Area (Organization) , Economic policy -- Africa, Southern , Monetary policy -- Africa, Southern , Monetary unions , Macroeconomics
- Description: Given the growing effect that globalisation and integration has had upon economies and regions, the process of monetary union has become an increasingly topical issue in economic policy debates. This has been driven in part by the experience and successes of the European Monetary Union (EMU), which is widely perceived as beneficial to member countries. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is an example of a group of countries that has realised that there are benefits that may arise from economic integration. This paper makes use of an interest-rate pass through model to investigate whether the pass-through of monetary policy transmission in ten SADC countries has become more similar between January 1990 and December 2007 using monthly interest rate data. This is done to determine the extent of macroeconomic convergence that prevails within SADC, and consequently establish whether the formation of a regional monetary union is feasible. The results of the empirical pass-through model were robust and show that there are certain countries that have a more efficient and similar monetary transmission process than others. In particular, the countries that form the Common Monetary Area (CMA) and the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) tend to show evidence of convergence in monetary policy transmission, especially since 2000. In addition, from analysis of the long-run pass-through, the results reveal that there is evidence that Malawi and Zambia have shown signs of convergence toward the countries that form the CMA and SACU, in terms of monetary policy transmission. The study concludes that a SADC wide monetary union is currently not feasible based on the evidence provided from the results of the pass-through analysis. Despite this, it can be tentatively suggested that the CMA may be expanded to include Botswana, Malawi and Zambia.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Teaching for conceptual understanding : an analysis of selected teachers' practice
- Authors: Kashima, Andreas Akwenye
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Teacher effectiveness -- Namibia , Student-centered learning -- Namibia , Constructivism (Education) -- Namibia , Problem solving , Teachers -- In-service training -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:2037 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017348
- Description: The purpose of this study was to explore how teachers’ practice either supports or constrains learners’ conceptual understanding. The study is structured within an interpretive paradigm. The research takes the form of a case study and focused on the teaching practice of two purposefully selected teachers who had been identified as being effective/successful practitioners. The data was collected in two stages. In the first stage, qualitative data was collected by video recording six classroom lessons, three for each of the two participating teachers. In stage 2, participating teachers were individually interviewed. In these interviews the two participating teachers were asked to reflect on their classroom practice, through a process of stimulated recall, where their actions seemed to either support or constrain the development of learners’ conceptual understanding. The study identified a number of elements of the two teachers’ practice that related to the development of learners’ conceptual understanding in the classroom. These include building on learners’ prior knowledge, the use of concrete manipulatives, questioning that promotes critical thinking, and the use of multiple representations and connections. The study also identified elements of the two teachers’ practice that had the potential to constrain the development of learners’ conceptual understanding. These include the lack of opportunities for co-operative or peer-oriented learning, the absence of questioning that leads to discussion, and a scarcity of activities that build mathematical concepts through hands-on engagement. The study highlights the need for supporting teachers and helping them strengthen their practice with regard to those activities that support the development of conceptual understanding in their learners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Kashima, Andreas Akwenye
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Teacher effectiveness -- Namibia , Student-centered learning -- Namibia , Constructivism (Education) -- Namibia , Problem solving , Teachers -- In-service training -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:2037 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017348
- Description: The purpose of this study was to explore how teachers’ practice either supports or constrains learners’ conceptual understanding. The study is structured within an interpretive paradigm. The research takes the form of a case study and focused on the teaching practice of two purposefully selected teachers who had been identified as being effective/successful practitioners. The data was collected in two stages. In the first stage, qualitative data was collected by video recording six classroom lessons, three for each of the two participating teachers. In stage 2, participating teachers were individually interviewed. In these interviews the two participating teachers were asked to reflect on their classroom practice, through a process of stimulated recall, where their actions seemed to either support or constrain the development of learners’ conceptual understanding. The study identified a number of elements of the two teachers’ practice that related to the development of learners’ conceptual understanding in the classroom. These include building on learners’ prior knowledge, the use of concrete manipulatives, questioning that promotes critical thinking, and the use of multiple representations and connections. The study also identified elements of the two teachers’ practice that had the potential to constrain the development of learners’ conceptual understanding. These include the lack of opportunities for co-operative or peer-oriented learning, the absence of questioning that leads to discussion, and a scarcity of activities that build mathematical concepts through hands-on engagement. The study highlights the need for supporting teachers and helping them strengthen their practice with regard to those activities that support the development of conceptual understanding in their learners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015