Using iterative learning to improve understanding during the informed consent process in a South African psychiatric genomics study
- Campbell, Megan M, Susser, Ezra, Mall, Sumaya, Mqulwana, Sibonile G, Mndini, Michael M, Ntola, Odwa A, Nagdee, Mohamed, Zingela, Zukiswa, Van Wyk, Stephanus, Stein, Dan J
- Authors: Campbell, Megan M , Susser, Ezra , Mall, Sumaya , Mqulwana, Sibonile G , Mndini, Michael M , Ntola, Odwa A , Nagdee, Mohamed , Zingela, Zukiswa , Van Wyk, Stephanus , Stein, Dan J
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Informed consent (Medical law) , Patient education
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6114 , vital:45124 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188466
- Description: Obtaining informed consent is a great challenge in global health research. There is a need for tools that can screen for and improve potential research participants’ understanding of the research study at the time of recruitment. Limited empirical research has been conducted in low and middle income countries, evaluating informed consent processes in genomics research. We sought to investigate the quality of informed consent obtained in a South African psychiatric genomics study. A Xhosa language version of the University of California, San Diego Brief Assessment of Capacity to Consent Questionnaire (UBACC) was used to screen for capacity to consent and improve understanding through iterative learning in a sample of 528 Xhosa people with schizophrenia and 528 controls. We address two questions: firstly, whether research participants’ understanding of the research study improved through iterative learning; and secondly, what were predictors for better understanding of the research study at the initial screening? During screening 290 (55%) cases and 172 (33%) controls scored below the 14.5 cut-off for acceptable understanding of the research study elements, however after iterative learning only 38 (7%) cases and 13 (2.5%) controls continued to score below this cut-off. Significant variables associated with increased understanding of the consent included the psychiatric nurse recruiter conducting the consent screening, higher participant level of education, and being a control. The UBACC proved an effective tool to improve understanding of research study elements during consent, for both cases and controls. The tool holds utility for complex studies such as those involving genomics, where iterative learning can be used to make significant improvements in understanding of research study elements. The UBACC may be particularly important in groups with severe mental illness and lower education levels. Study recruiters play a significant role in managing the quality of the informed consent process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Campbell, Megan M , Susser, Ezra , Mall, Sumaya , Mqulwana, Sibonile G , Mndini, Michael M , Ntola, Odwa A , Nagdee, Mohamed , Zingela, Zukiswa , Van Wyk, Stephanus , Stein, Dan J
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Informed consent (Medical law) , Patient education
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6114 , vital:45124 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188466
- Description: Obtaining informed consent is a great challenge in global health research. There is a need for tools that can screen for and improve potential research participants’ understanding of the research study at the time of recruitment. Limited empirical research has been conducted in low and middle income countries, evaluating informed consent processes in genomics research. We sought to investigate the quality of informed consent obtained in a South African psychiatric genomics study. A Xhosa language version of the University of California, San Diego Brief Assessment of Capacity to Consent Questionnaire (UBACC) was used to screen for capacity to consent and improve understanding through iterative learning in a sample of 528 Xhosa people with schizophrenia and 528 controls. We address two questions: firstly, whether research participants’ understanding of the research study improved through iterative learning; and secondly, what were predictors for better understanding of the research study at the initial screening? During screening 290 (55%) cases and 172 (33%) controls scored below the 14.5 cut-off for acceptable understanding of the research study elements, however after iterative learning only 38 (7%) cases and 13 (2.5%) controls continued to score below this cut-off. Significant variables associated with increased understanding of the consent included the psychiatric nurse recruiter conducting the consent screening, higher participant level of education, and being a control. The UBACC proved an effective tool to improve understanding of research study elements during consent, for both cases and controls. The tool holds utility for complex studies such as those involving genomics, where iterative learning can be used to make significant improvements in understanding of research study elements. The UBACC may be particularly important in groups with severe mental illness and lower education levels. Study recruiters play a significant role in managing the quality of the informed consent process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Point-of-care and lung ultrasound incorporated in daily practice
- Neethling, E, Roodt, F, Beck, C, Swanevelder, J L C
- Authors: Neethling, E , Roodt, F , Beck, C , Swanevelder, J L C
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5248 , vital:44424 , http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/12293
- Description: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a fast-growing clinical utility and is becoming an essential clinical skill for all practitioners attending to critically ill patients. Ultrasound equipment is now smaller, more affordable and readily available in clinical work areas. POCUS is performed by a non-cardiologist physician at the patient’s bedside as an adjunct to the physical examination. It is easily taught, non-invasive and allows for real-time clinical information. Bedside use of ultrasound imaging aids with rapid diagnosis of severe and life-threatening pathological conditions. It can be repeated, may change clinical management, and impact on patient outcome. POCUS has a broad clinical use, including, but not limited to, focused assessed transthoracic echocardiography (FATE), lung ultrasound imaging, extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (e-FAST), vascular access and regional blocks. It may also be extended to detect endotracheal intubation and the estimation of intracranial pressure. Assessment of cardiac pathology by POCUS, performed by a novice examiner, has been shown to compare with the gold standard of an expert. Training is paramount. The physician should know his limitations and always relate the information back to the clinical scenario and context. By incorporating POCUS as part of our armamentarium and into our daily medical practice, we might see it reach its full clinical potential, optimising patient care and improving patient outcomes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Neethling, E , Roodt, F , Beck, C , Swanevelder, J L C
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5248 , vital:44424 , http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/12293
- Description: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a fast-growing clinical utility and is becoming an essential clinical skill for all practitioners attending to critically ill patients. Ultrasound equipment is now smaller, more affordable and readily available in clinical work areas. POCUS is performed by a non-cardiologist physician at the patient’s bedside as an adjunct to the physical examination. It is easily taught, non-invasive and allows for real-time clinical information. Bedside use of ultrasound imaging aids with rapid diagnosis of severe and life-threatening pathological conditions. It can be repeated, may change clinical management, and impact on patient outcome. POCUS has a broad clinical use, including, but not limited to, focused assessed transthoracic echocardiography (FATE), lung ultrasound imaging, extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (e-FAST), vascular access and regional blocks. It may also be extended to detect endotracheal intubation and the estimation of intracranial pressure. Assessment of cardiac pathology by POCUS, performed by a novice examiner, has been shown to compare with the gold standard of an expert. Training is paramount. The physician should know his limitations and always relate the information back to the clinical scenario and context. By incorporating POCUS as part of our armamentarium and into our daily medical practice, we might see it reach its full clinical potential, optimising patient care and improving patient outcomes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Photophysical properties of newly synthesized fluorinated zinc phthalocyanines in the presence of CdTe quantum dots and the accompanying energy transfer processes
- Erdoğmuş, Ali, Moeno, Sharon, Litwinski, Christian, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Erdoğmuş, Ali , Moeno, Sharon , Litwinski, Christian , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/262671 , vital:53543 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.12.014"
- Description: The photophysical properties of two newly synthesized phthalocyanines (Pcs) were studied in the presence and the absence of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) capped quantum dots (QDs). Energy transfer processes resulting from the combination of QDs and the Pcs: 4-(tetrakis-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-mercaptopyridinephthalocyaninato)zinc(II) (TtfmMPyZnPc, 3) and 4-(tetrakis-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyloxyphthalocyaninato) zinc(II) (TtfmPyZnPc, 4) were also studied. The photophysical properties of the Pcs in the presence of QDs were enhanced and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) was observed with the phthalocyanines used. The efficiency of FRET between the QDs and TtfmMPyZnPc and TtfmPyZnPc was found to be 0.31% and 0.45% in DMSO and 0.24% and 0.32% in pyridine, respectively. The triplet state quantum yields for TtfmMPyZnPc and TtfmPyZnPc were found to be 0.86 and 0.74 in DMSO and 0.83 and 0.76 in pyridine.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Erdoğmuş, Ali , Moeno, Sharon , Litwinski, Christian , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/262671 , vital:53543 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.12.014"
- Description: The photophysical properties of two newly synthesized phthalocyanines (Pcs) were studied in the presence and the absence of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) capped quantum dots (QDs). Energy transfer processes resulting from the combination of QDs and the Pcs: 4-(tetrakis-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-mercaptopyridinephthalocyaninato)zinc(II) (TtfmMPyZnPc, 3) and 4-(tetrakis-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyloxyphthalocyaninato) zinc(II) (TtfmPyZnPc, 4) were also studied. The photophysical properties of the Pcs in the presence of QDs were enhanced and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) was observed with the phthalocyanines used. The efficiency of FRET between the QDs and TtfmMPyZnPc and TtfmPyZnPc was found to be 0.31% and 0.45% in DMSO and 0.24% and 0.32% in pyridine, respectively. The triplet state quantum yields for TtfmMPyZnPc and TtfmPyZnPc were found to be 0.86 and 0.74 in DMSO and 0.83 and 0.76 in pyridine.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
A research tool for analysing and monitoring the Extent to which Environmental issues are integrated into teachers’ lessons
- Authors: Nsubuga, Yvonne
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/386447 , vital:68142 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122246"
- Description: South Africa enjoys strong policy support for the integration of environmental issues into school curricula. However, much doubt exists over the extent to which this has been converted into appropriate classroom practice at the majority of under-resourced rural schools in the country. This article reports on a study which piloted a research tool which can be used to analyse teachers’ lessons, with the aim of gaining insight into the extent to which they integrate natural resource management issues. The research tool was based on Bernstein’s concept of classification and consisted of five indicators of natural resource management integration into Life Sciences lessons. The study contributes to the design of research tools that can be used to analyse and monitor the integration of environmental issues into teachers’ lessons. It also provides some insight into the environmental content of a sample of Grade 10 Life Sciences lessons at four rural underresourced schools in the Eastern Cape.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Nsubuga, Yvonne
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/386447 , vital:68142 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122246"
- Description: South Africa enjoys strong policy support for the integration of environmental issues into school curricula. However, much doubt exists over the extent to which this has been converted into appropriate classroom practice at the majority of under-resourced rural schools in the country. This article reports on a study which piloted a research tool which can be used to analyse teachers’ lessons, with the aim of gaining insight into the extent to which they integrate natural resource management issues. The research tool was based on Bernstein’s concept of classification and consisted of five indicators of natural resource management integration into Life Sciences lessons. The study contributes to the design of research tools that can be used to analyse and monitor the integration of environmental issues into teachers’ lessons. It also provides some insight into the environmental content of a sample of Grade 10 Life Sciences lessons at four rural underresourced schools in the Eastern Cape.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
The photophysical studies of Pluronic F127/P123 micelle mixture system loaded with metal free and Zn 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis [4-(benzyloxy) phenyl] porphyrins
- Managa, Muthumuni, Ngoy, Bokolombe P, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Managa, Muthumuni , Ngoy, Bokolombe P , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188932 , vital:44799 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.02.018"
- Description: Binary mixtures of Pluronics are studied as drug nanocarriers in this work. H2 and Zn 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(benzyloxy) phenyl] porphyrin were encapsulated onto binary micelle mixture of Pluronic F127/P123. The fluorescence and singlet oxygen generating behaviour of the porphyrins were investigated following incorporation. The fluorescence quantum yield for H2TBnOPP (ΦF = 0.034) was higher than that of ZnTBnOPP (ΦF = 0.023) and decreased when ZnTBnOPP or H2TBnOPP when in the presence of Pluronic F127/P123 binary mixtures. The kq values were 2.8 × 108 and 3.7 × 108 M−1 s−1, for H2TBnOPP + Pluronic F127/P123 and ZnTBnOPP + Pluronic F127/P123 in water, respectively. The binding constants (Kb) were 1.58 × 105 M−1 and 1.02 × 105 M−1 for ZnTBnOPP + Pluronic F127/P123 and H2TBnOPP + Pluronic F127/P123, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Managa, Muthumuni , Ngoy, Bokolombe P , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188932 , vital:44799 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.02.018"
- Description: Binary mixtures of Pluronics are studied as drug nanocarriers in this work. H2 and Zn 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(benzyloxy) phenyl] porphyrin were encapsulated onto binary micelle mixture of Pluronic F127/P123. The fluorescence and singlet oxygen generating behaviour of the porphyrins were investigated following incorporation. The fluorescence quantum yield for H2TBnOPP (ΦF = 0.034) was higher than that of ZnTBnOPP (ΦF = 0.023) and decreased when ZnTBnOPP or H2TBnOPP when in the presence of Pluronic F127/P123 binary mixtures. The kq values were 2.8 × 108 and 3.7 × 108 M−1 s−1, for H2TBnOPP + Pluronic F127/P123 and ZnTBnOPP + Pluronic F127/P123 in water, respectively. The binding constants (Kb) were 1.58 × 105 M−1 and 1.02 × 105 M−1 for ZnTBnOPP + Pluronic F127/P123 and H2TBnOPP + Pluronic F127/P123, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Creating the Ideal Push-Pull System for Electrocatalysis A Comparative Study on Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Cardanol-based Cobalt Phthalocyanines
- Nkhahle, Reitumetse, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Nkhahle, Reitumetse , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/${Handle} , vital:44452 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.202060019"
- Description: A symmetrical cardanol-based cobalt phthalocyanine (Pc) along with its asymmetrical acid-based derivatives were synthesized and applied in the electrocatalysis of hydrazine. Despite the inhibition of electron movement by the bulky cardanol-based substituent throughout the series of molecules, an ideal combination of substituents was established in GCE-3 (2,9,16-tris(3- pentadecylphenoxy)-23-mono propionic acid phthalocyanato cobalt (II)) where a limit of detection (LoD) value of 5.10 μM (signal to noise ratio=5) was recorded for the detection of hydrazine. The results obtained serve as an illustration that the combination of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents has a significant influence on the complete functioning of the phthalocyanine molecule(s) being investigated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Nkhahle, Reitumetse , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/${Handle} , vital:44452 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.202060019"
- Description: A symmetrical cardanol-based cobalt phthalocyanine (Pc) along with its asymmetrical acid-based derivatives were synthesized and applied in the electrocatalysis of hydrazine. Despite the inhibition of electron movement by the bulky cardanol-based substituent throughout the series of molecules, an ideal combination of substituents was established in GCE-3 (2,9,16-tris(3- pentadecylphenoxy)-23-mono propionic acid phthalocyanato cobalt (II)) where a limit of detection (LoD) value of 5.10 μM (signal to noise ratio=5) was recorded for the detection of hydrazine. The results obtained serve as an illustration that the combination of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents has a significant influence on the complete functioning of the phthalocyanine molecule(s) being investigated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Interaction of nitric oxide with cobalt (II) phthalocyanine
- Vilakazi, Sibulelo L, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Vilakazi, Sibulelo L , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293579 , vital:57100 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(98)00244-7"
- Description: The coordination of nitric oxide (NO) to cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (CoPc) in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) has been studied. CoPc coordinates with NO in a 1:1 ratio, forming a CoPc(NO) species. The IR band observed at 1680 cm−1 is assigned to the coordinated NO. In the presence of excess NO, pseudo first order kinetics were followed. The observed rate constant, kf, was determined to be 15.0±0.3 dm−3 mol−1 s−1 and the equilibrium constant was K=5.4±0.4×104dm3 mol−1. Solution or adsorbed CoPc catalyses the reduction of NO. The products of reduction include NH3 and NH2OH.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1998
- Authors: Vilakazi, Sibulelo L , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293579 , vital:57100 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(98)00244-7"
- Description: The coordination of nitric oxide (NO) to cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (CoPc) in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) has been studied. CoPc coordinates with NO in a 1:1 ratio, forming a CoPc(NO) species. The IR band observed at 1680 cm−1 is assigned to the coordinated NO. In the presence of excess NO, pseudo first order kinetics were followed. The observed rate constant, kf, was determined to be 15.0±0.3 dm−3 mol−1 s−1 and the equilibrium constant was K=5.4±0.4×104dm3 mol−1. Solution or adsorbed CoPc catalyses the reduction of NO. The products of reduction include NH3 and NH2OH.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1998
Fluorescence “turn on” probe for bromide ion using nanoconjugates of glutathione-capped CdTe@ ZnS quantum dots with nickel tetraamino-phthalocyanine
- Adegoke, Oluwasesan, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190479 , vital:44998 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.05.013"
- Description: In this paper, three differently sized glutathione (GSH)-capped CdTe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs) have been successfully conjugated to nickel tetraamino-phthalocyanine (NiTAPc) to form different QDs-NiTAPc nanocomplexes. Several techniques such as TEM, FT-IR, time-resolved fluorescence measurement and electronic spectroscopy were employed to characterize the nanocomplex. Bromide ion was chosen as a model anion to test the efficacy of the nanoprobe. The fluorescence of the nanoconjugate was “turned off” upon binding but was progressively “turned on” upon interaction with varying concentrations of bromide ion. Experimental results showed that the quantum size effect of nanocrystal QD determined the overall sensitivity and selectivity of the nanoprobe and followed the order QD563-NiTAPc > QD605-NiTAPc > QD621-NiTAPc. The mechanism of reaction is proposed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190479 , vital:44998 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.05.013"
- Description: In this paper, three differently sized glutathione (GSH)-capped CdTe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs) have been successfully conjugated to nickel tetraamino-phthalocyanine (NiTAPc) to form different QDs-NiTAPc nanocomplexes. Several techniques such as TEM, FT-IR, time-resolved fluorescence measurement and electronic spectroscopy were employed to characterize the nanocomplex. Bromide ion was chosen as a model anion to test the efficacy of the nanoprobe. The fluorescence of the nanoconjugate was “turned off” upon binding but was progressively “turned on” upon interaction with varying concentrations of bromide ion. Experimental results showed that the quantum size effect of nanocrystal QD determined the overall sensitivity and selectivity of the nanoprobe and followed the order QD563-NiTAPc > QD605-NiTAPc > QD621-NiTAPc. The mechanism of reaction is proposed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Dragonfly (Odonata) community structure in the Eastern Highlands Biodiversity Hotspot of Zimbabwe: potential threats of land use changes on freshwater invertebrates
- Mafuwe, Kudzai, Moyo, Sydney
- Authors: Mafuwe, Kudzai , Moyo, Sydney
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158265 , vital:40167 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2020.1768156
- Description: We examined the diversity and potential drivers of dragonfly distribution in a biodiversity hotspot of Southern Africa (Eastern Highlands, Zimbabwe) by surveying 30 sites (13 lentic and 17 lotic habitats) located within this region. Additionally, we identified the anthropogenic factors that may threaten Odonata diversity and abundance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mafuwe, Kudzai , Moyo, Sydney
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158265 , vital:40167 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2020.1768156
- Description: We examined the diversity and potential drivers of dragonfly distribution in a biodiversity hotspot of Southern Africa (Eastern Highlands, Zimbabwe) by surveying 30 sites (13 lentic and 17 lotic habitats) located within this region. Additionally, we identified the anthropogenic factors that may threaten Odonata diversity and abundance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Sustainability assessment using a unit-based sustainability assessment tool: The case of three teaching departments at Rhodes University, South Africa
- Authors: Togo, Muchaiteyi
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/386863 , vital:68182 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122776"
- Description: A sustainability assessment study was performed with three teaching departments at Rhodes University – Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Anthropology, and Accounting. The assessment used a Unit-based Sustainability Assessment Tool (USAT) and was guided by systems thinking and the ontological framework provided by critical realism. Results of the study showed that the Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science had a higher integration of sustainability issues in its activities than the other departments sampled, with Accounting having the lowest integration. Interviews conducted with departmental heads and content analyses of documents revealed differences in sustainability issues addressed and in approaches used in tackling them among these departments. The study is intended to inform the Mainstreaming of Environment and Sustainability in African (MESA) Universities Partnership, which promotes mainstreaming environment and sustainability in universities during the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. The study does not provide answers to mainstreaming activities, but opens up space to debate and deliberate how to deal with the mainstreaming of sustainability in universities. It identified some of the challenges to be addressed in university-wide mainstreaming work, and affirmed the need for systems thinking in bringing about change at institutional level to extend changes taking place in individual teaching contexts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Togo, Muchaiteyi
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/386863 , vital:68182 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122776"
- Description: A sustainability assessment study was performed with three teaching departments at Rhodes University – Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Anthropology, and Accounting. The assessment used a Unit-based Sustainability Assessment Tool (USAT) and was guided by systems thinking and the ontological framework provided by critical realism. Results of the study showed that the Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science had a higher integration of sustainability issues in its activities than the other departments sampled, with Accounting having the lowest integration. Interviews conducted with departmental heads and content analyses of documents revealed differences in sustainability issues addressed and in approaches used in tackling them among these departments. The study is intended to inform the Mainstreaming of Environment and Sustainability in African (MESA) Universities Partnership, which promotes mainstreaming environment and sustainability in universities during the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. The study does not provide answers to mainstreaming activities, but opens up space to debate and deliberate how to deal with the mainstreaming of sustainability in universities. It identified some of the challenges to be addressed in university-wide mainstreaming work, and affirmed the need for systems thinking in bringing about change at institutional level to extend changes taking place in individual teaching contexts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
"The French Imperial Nation-State":
- Authors: Bischoff, Paul, 1954-
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161376 , vital:40621
- Description: Book Review. The French Imperial Nation-State. By G Wilder (2005).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Bischoff, Paul, 1954-
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161376 , vital:40621
- Description: Book Review. The French Imperial Nation-State. By G Wilder (2005).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
The influence of photoperiod on the reproductive physiology of the greater red musk shrew: Crocidura flavescens
- Hoole, C, McKechnie, Andrew E, Parker, Daniel M, Bennett, Nigel C
- Authors: Hoole, C , McKechnie, Andrew E , Parker, Daniel M , Bennett, Nigel C
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70136 , vital:29624 , https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2015-0128
- Description: Photoperiodism involves the use of both absolute measures of day length and the direction in which day length is changing as a cue for regulating seasonal changes in physiology and behaviour so that birth and lactation coincide with optimal resource availability, increasing offspring survival. Induced ovulation and opportunistic breeding is often found in species that are predominantly solitary and territorial. In this study, the photoperiodic reproductive responses of male greater red musk shrews (Crocidura flavescens (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827)) were investigated in the laboratory. The presence of spermatozoa regardless of the light cycle, suggest that although the shrews are photoresponsive, they may be capable of breeding throughout the year. Significantly greater testicular volume and eminiferous tubule diameter following exposure to a short day-light cycle suggests that these animals may have breeding peaks that correspond to short days. The presence of epidermal spines on the penis indicates that the shrew is likely also an induced ovulator. Flexible breeding patterns combined with induced ovulation affords this solitary species the greatest chance of reproductive success.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Hoole, C , McKechnie, Andrew E , Parker, Daniel M , Bennett, Nigel C
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70136 , vital:29624 , https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2015-0128
- Description: Photoperiodism involves the use of both absolute measures of day length and the direction in which day length is changing as a cue for regulating seasonal changes in physiology and behaviour so that birth and lactation coincide with optimal resource availability, increasing offspring survival. Induced ovulation and opportunistic breeding is often found in species that are predominantly solitary and territorial. In this study, the photoperiodic reproductive responses of male greater red musk shrews (Crocidura flavescens (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827)) were investigated in the laboratory. The presence of spermatozoa regardless of the light cycle, suggest that although the shrews are photoresponsive, they may be capable of breeding throughout the year. Significantly greater testicular volume and eminiferous tubule diameter following exposure to a short day-light cycle suggests that these animals may have breeding peaks that correspond to short days. The presence of epidermal spines on the penis indicates that the shrew is likely also an induced ovulator. Flexible breeding patterns combined with induced ovulation affords this solitary species the greatest chance of reproductive success.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
Students as Agents of Social Change-Student Initiatives at Rhodes University, South Africa
- Authors: Togo, Muchaiteyi
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/386561 , vital:68151 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122830"
- Description: Rhodes University has a diversity of sustainable development initiatives meant for students and in a range of cases activities are initiated by students themselves with the support of the university. Results of a sustainability assessment revealed the involvement of students in environmental societies, environmental awareness campaigns, campus sustainability initiatives and community sustainability projects. Though most of the projects are still in their infancy and some challenges are yet to be overcome, the sustainability initiatives are gaining momentum and have contributed to improving the overall picture of sustainability at the university. Based on the results of the Rhodes University case study, the underpinning viewpoint in this paper is that university students are not merely recipients of Education for Sustainable Development but have the capacity to become agents for social change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Togo, Muchaiteyi
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/386561 , vital:68151 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122830"
- Description: Rhodes University has a diversity of sustainable development initiatives meant for students and in a range of cases activities are initiated by students themselves with the support of the university. Results of a sustainability assessment revealed the involvement of students in environmental societies, environmental awareness campaigns, campus sustainability initiatives and community sustainability projects. Though most of the projects are still in their infancy and some challenges are yet to be overcome, the sustainability initiatives are gaining momentum and have contributed to improving the overall picture of sustainability at the university. Based on the results of the Rhodes University case study, the underpinning viewpoint in this paper is that university students are not merely recipients of Education for Sustainable Development but have the capacity to become agents for social change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Afrikanische Entwicklungsalternativen: Ubuntu und die Post-Development-Debatte
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142157 , vital:38054 , DOI: 10.3224/peripherie.v38i2.03
- Description: In post-development theory, ubuntu is often cited as an example of an “alternative to development”. This article investigates whether ubuntu can play this role and what to think of the demand for alternatives to development in general. In order to do this, the paper fi rst deals with central aspects of postdevelopment theory and the debate about ubuntu. Although the concept fi ts well into a post-development perspective, the attempts to contrast ubuntu with Western ideas and ways of life are often fueled by the desire to rekindle an original, pre-colonial, authentic African philosophy. Yet discourses on Africa are always embedded in Western discourses, so this opposition reproduces precisely those dichotomies it aims to fi ght. More generally, this also holds true for the idea of “alternatives to development”, which postulate an essential opposition to “development”. This, however, denies claims for equal rights and participation at the root of demands for “development”. The struggle for these claims cannot be fought beyond the existing global order. Instead of engaging in romanticizing projections about an Africa beyond “development”, people’s views and needs should be taken as the starting point for the struggle against injustice and inequality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142157 , vital:38054 , DOI: 10.3224/peripherie.v38i2.03
- Description: In post-development theory, ubuntu is often cited as an example of an “alternative to development”. This article investigates whether ubuntu can play this role and what to think of the demand for alternatives to development in general. In order to do this, the paper fi rst deals with central aspects of postdevelopment theory and the debate about ubuntu. Although the concept fi ts well into a post-development perspective, the attempts to contrast ubuntu with Western ideas and ways of life are often fueled by the desire to rekindle an original, pre-colonial, authentic African philosophy. Yet discourses on Africa are always embedded in Western discourses, so this opposition reproduces precisely those dichotomies it aims to fi ght. More generally, this also holds true for the idea of “alternatives to development”, which postulate an essential opposition to “development”. This, however, denies claims for equal rights and participation at the root of demands for “development”. The struggle for these claims cannot be fought beyond the existing global order. Instead of engaging in romanticizing projections about an Africa beyond “development”, people’s views and needs should be taken as the starting point for the struggle against injustice and inequality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
On-site evaluation of smoking, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity among commercial taxi drivers in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa
- Adedokun, Aanuoluwa Odunayo, Ter Goon, Daniel, Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara, Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent, Ajayi, Anthony Idowu
- Authors: Adedokun, Aanuoluwa Odunayo , Ter Goon, Daniel , Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Ajayi, Anthony Idowu
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Alcohol use , Substance use , Commercial drivers
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5086 , vital:44345 , https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n2p110
- Description: Commercial drivers have been identified as eliciting behaviours that promote non- communicable diseases and road traffic accidents. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of alcohol use, smoking and physical inactivity among commercial taxi drivers in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 commercial drivers using the face-to-face interviews method. The WHO STEPwise questionnaire was used to obtain the demographic data, self-reported rate of alcohol consumption, tobacco use and physical inactivity. The participants’ mean age was 43.3 ± 12.5 years. About 30% of the participants were daily smokers, 37% consumed alcohol regularly and only 18% were physically active, whilst 82% were physically inactive. The prevalence of alcohol use, smoking and physical inactivity is high among commercial drivers in East London. Workplace health education on the health effects of these lifestyles’ risky behaviours on individuals and the general public should be given to the drivers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Adedokun, Aanuoluwa Odunayo , Ter Goon, Daniel , Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Ajayi, Anthony Idowu
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Alcohol use , Substance use , Commercial drivers
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5086 , vital:44345 , https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n2p110
- Description: Commercial drivers have been identified as eliciting behaviours that promote non- communicable diseases and road traffic accidents. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of alcohol use, smoking and physical inactivity among commercial taxi drivers in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 commercial drivers using the face-to-face interviews method. The WHO STEPwise questionnaire was used to obtain the demographic data, self-reported rate of alcohol consumption, tobacco use and physical inactivity. The participants’ mean age was 43.3 ± 12.5 years. About 30% of the participants were daily smokers, 37% consumed alcohol regularly and only 18% were physically active, whilst 82% were physically inactive. The prevalence of alcohol use, smoking and physical inactivity is high among commercial drivers in East London. Workplace health education on the health effects of these lifestyles’ risky behaviours on individuals and the general public should be given to the drivers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Evidence for protandry in Polydactylus quadrifilis in the Kwanza Estuary, Angola, and its implications for local fisheries
- Butler, Edward C, Childs, Amber-Robyn, Winkler, Alexander C, Milner, Marianne V, Potts, Warren M
- Authors: Butler, Edward C , Childs, Amber-Robyn , Winkler, Alexander C , Milner, Marianne V , Potts, Warren M
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124451 , vital:35614 , https://doi.10.1007/s10641-017-0699-6
- Description: A total of 141 Polydactylus quadrifilis were sampled from the Kwanza Estuary in Angola ranging in size from 436 to 1360 mm fork-length (FL). Of these, 124 were male, six intersex and 11 female. Female fish were significantly longer (mm, FL) and heavier (kg) than males and had significantly higher gonadosomatic indices (GSI’s) than those of males and intersex fish. Transitional (intersex) gonads were delimited, with testicular and ovarian regions separated by connective tissue. The first signs of ovarian tissue appeared on the outer ventral surface of the gonad. A second layer of ovarian tissue was first noticeable at either end of the initial ovarian region and developed back towards the centre of the ventral wall to form a luminal space. Early-stage oocytes were commonly found in the outer area of male regions and residual late-stage spermatids and spermatozoa were found in the luminal space of ovarian regions, suggesting a process of sex change from the outside inwards. A loss of male function was noted with increased ovarian prevalence. Based on this evidence it is suggested that P. quadrifilis in the Kwanza Estuary are protandrous. Owing to the reliance of P. quadrifilis on large highly fecund females for egg production, it is likely that they will be sensitive to fishing practices that target larger individuals within the population.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Butler, Edward C , Childs, Amber-Robyn , Winkler, Alexander C , Milner, Marianne V , Potts, Warren M
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124451 , vital:35614 , https://doi.10.1007/s10641-017-0699-6
- Description: A total of 141 Polydactylus quadrifilis were sampled from the Kwanza Estuary in Angola ranging in size from 436 to 1360 mm fork-length (FL). Of these, 124 were male, six intersex and 11 female. Female fish were significantly longer (mm, FL) and heavier (kg) than males and had significantly higher gonadosomatic indices (GSI’s) than those of males and intersex fish. Transitional (intersex) gonads were delimited, with testicular and ovarian regions separated by connective tissue. The first signs of ovarian tissue appeared on the outer ventral surface of the gonad. A second layer of ovarian tissue was first noticeable at either end of the initial ovarian region and developed back towards the centre of the ventral wall to form a luminal space. Early-stage oocytes were commonly found in the outer area of male regions and residual late-stage spermatids and spermatozoa were found in the luminal space of ovarian regions, suggesting a process of sex change from the outside inwards. A loss of male function was noted with increased ovarian prevalence. Based on this evidence it is suggested that P. quadrifilis in the Kwanza Estuary are protandrous. Owing to the reliance of P. quadrifilis on large highly fecund females for egg production, it is likely that they will be sensitive to fishing practices that target larger individuals within the population.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Phototransferred thermoluminescence and thermally-assisted optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry using α-Al2O3:C,Mg annealed at 1200°C
- Kalita, Jitumani M, Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Authors: Kalita, Jitumani M , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/105422 , vital:32511 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.08.085
- Description: We report phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) and thermally-assisted optically stimulated luminescence (TA-OSL) of α-Al2O3:C,Mg annealed at 1200 °C. PTTL is TL measured from an irradiated phosphor after its exposure to light. The other theme of this study, TA-OSL is the additional amount of luminescence optically stimulated from a sample over and above the amount that would be measured at room temperature. A sample irradiated to 10 Gy and preheated to 230 °C at 1 °C/s followed by illumination by 470 nm blue light produced four PTTL peaks at 53, 80, 102 and 173 °C. The PTTL peaks occur at the same positions as the corresponding conventional TL peaks. Their kinetic parameters are also similar. The intensity of the PTTL peaks increased with duration of illumination to a maximum within 200 s for doses between 1 Gy and 10 Gy. The dose response of each of the PTTL peaks at 80, 102 and 173 °C is linear within 1–15 Gy. The rate of fading is low and the peaks are reproducible. When the irradiated sample is optically stimulated at temperatures between 30 °C and 300 °C, after preheating to 500 °C, the intensity of its TA-OSL goes through a peak with temperature at 200 °C. Using the rising edge of the plot, activation energy of thermal assistance for a deep electron trap was estimated as (0.21 ± 0.02) eV. The TA-OSL dose response is sublinear from 10–250 Gy and saturates thereafter. The PTTL and TA-OSL analyses signify that the concentration of deep traps in α-Al2O3:C,Mg increased after annealing at 1200 °C. As a result, the sample produced better PTTL and TA-OSL response than when annealed at lower temperature.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Kalita, Jitumani M , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/105422 , vital:32511 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.08.085
- Description: We report phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) and thermally-assisted optically stimulated luminescence (TA-OSL) of α-Al2O3:C,Mg annealed at 1200 °C. PTTL is TL measured from an irradiated phosphor after its exposure to light. The other theme of this study, TA-OSL is the additional amount of luminescence optically stimulated from a sample over and above the amount that would be measured at room temperature. A sample irradiated to 10 Gy and preheated to 230 °C at 1 °C/s followed by illumination by 470 nm blue light produced four PTTL peaks at 53, 80, 102 and 173 °C. The PTTL peaks occur at the same positions as the corresponding conventional TL peaks. Their kinetic parameters are also similar. The intensity of the PTTL peaks increased with duration of illumination to a maximum within 200 s for doses between 1 Gy and 10 Gy. The dose response of each of the PTTL peaks at 80, 102 and 173 °C is linear within 1–15 Gy. The rate of fading is low and the peaks are reproducible. When the irradiated sample is optically stimulated at temperatures between 30 °C and 300 °C, after preheating to 500 °C, the intensity of its TA-OSL goes through a peak with temperature at 200 °C. Using the rising edge of the plot, activation energy of thermal assistance for a deep electron trap was estimated as (0.21 ± 0.02) eV. The TA-OSL dose response is sublinear from 10–250 Gy and saturates thereafter. The PTTL and TA-OSL analyses signify that the concentration of deep traps in α-Al2O3:C,Mg increased after annealing at 1200 °C. As a result, the sample produced better PTTL and TA-OSL response than when annealed at lower temperature.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
A River of Blood Flows: Lerato Shadi’s ‘Noka Ya Bokamoso’
- Authors: Makandula, Sikhumbuzo
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147258 , vital:38609 , https://artthrob.co.za/2016/07/13/a-river-of-blood-flows-lerato-shadis-noka-ya-bokamoso/
- Description: The title of Lerato Shadi’s show, ‘Noka Ya Bokamoso,’ which opened at National Arts Festival in Grahamstown, translates from Setswana to ‘a river of tomorrow.’ In the Albany gallery you encounter Shadi performing Mosako Wa Nako. She sits silently crocheting a ball of red wool into a scroll which unfurls with indecipherable writing. Shadi’s isolation from the rest of the artworks on the exhibition draws you closer, emphasising the rhythmic movement of her hands.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Makandula, Sikhumbuzo
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147258 , vital:38609 , https://artthrob.co.za/2016/07/13/a-river-of-blood-flows-lerato-shadis-noka-ya-bokamoso/
- Description: The title of Lerato Shadi’s show, ‘Noka Ya Bokamoso,’ which opened at National Arts Festival in Grahamstown, translates from Setswana to ‘a river of tomorrow.’ In the Albany gallery you encounter Shadi performing Mosako Wa Nako. She sits silently crocheting a ball of red wool into a scroll which unfurls with indecipherable writing. Shadi’s isolation from the rest of the artworks on the exhibition draws you closer, emphasising the rhythmic movement of her hands.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Mhlongo does Maskanda
- Authors: Thomas, Cornelius
- Date: 2001-05-11
- Subjects: Mhlongo, Busi Jazz musicians -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal Zulu (African people) -- Music North Sea Jazz Festival -- South Africa Concerts -- South Africa
- Type: article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/50079 , vital:25957 , This image is held at the Cory Library for Humanities Research at Rhodes University. For further information contact cory@ru.ac.za. The digitisation of this image was made possible through a generous grant received from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation 2014-2017. , MS 20 047
- Description: Photocopied article from the newspaper The Daily Dispatch about Busi Mhlongo performing Zulu Maskanda songs at the North Sea Jazz Festival
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001-05-11
- Authors: Thomas, Cornelius
- Date: 2001-05-11
- Subjects: Mhlongo, Busi Jazz musicians -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal Zulu (African people) -- Music North Sea Jazz Festival -- South Africa Concerts -- South Africa
- Type: article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/50079 , vital:25957 , This image is held at the Cory Library for Humanities Research at Rhodes University. For further information contact cory@ru.ac.za. The digitisation of this image was made possible through a generous grant received from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation 2014-2017. , MS 20 047
- Description: Photocopied article from the newspaper The Daily Dispatch about Busi Mhlongo performing Zulu Maskanda songs at the North Sea Jazz Festival
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001-05-11
Photoreduction of tin (IV) phthalocyanines
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293413 , vital:57083 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(00)83491-9"
- Description: Photolysis of Sn(IV)Pc(OH)2 (Pc = phthalocyanine dianion) and Sn(IV)Pc(Cl)2 using a tungsten lamp, and in the presence of SnCl2·2H2O as an electron donor results in the reduction of these complexes of π anion radical species. The reduction shows second order dependence on the concentration of the Sn(IV)Pc complexes and a first order dependence on SnCl2·H2O.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293413 , vital:57083 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(00)83491-9"
- Description: Photolysis of Sn(IV)Pc(OH)2 (Pc = phthalocyanine dianion) and Sn(IV)Pc(Cl)2 using a tungsten lamp, and in the presence of SnCl2·2H2O as an electron donor results in the reduction of these complexes of π anion radical species. The reduction shows second order dependence on the concentration of the Sn(IV)Pc complexes and a first order dependence on SnCl2·H2O.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994