Hugh Tracey memorial service
- (a) Phyllida Wentzel (Speaker), (b) Irene Frongs (Speaker and Performer), Tracey, Andrew T N
- Authors: (a) Phyllida Wentzel (Speaker) , (b) Irene Frongs (Speaker and Performer) , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Guitar , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113474 , vital:33780 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC131b-09
- Description: (a) Reading of Hugh Tracey's Christmas Card printed for him two months ago and the read verse was an extract from the book 'Faith of an artist' , (b) Irene Frongs former Greek student friend singing an ancient lullaby with guitar accompaniment in tribute to Hugh Tracey of work almost forgotten in Greece, this emanating from Hugh Tracey who encouraged her to do the Greek background and its heritage for her thesis
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: (a) Phyllida Wentzel (Speaker) , (b) Irene Frongs (Speaker and Performer) , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Guitar , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113474 , vital:33780 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC131b-09
- Description: (a) Reading of Hugh Tracey's Christmas Card printed for him two months ago and the read verse was an extract from the book 'Faith of an artist' , (b) Irene Frongs former Greek student friend singing an ancient lullaby with guitar accompaniment in tribute to Hugh Tracey of work almost forgotten in Greece, this emanating from Hugh Tracey who encouraged her to do the Greek background and its heritage for her thesis
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
A linguistic account of quantifiers in English and their place in the development of some modern approaches to syntax and semantics
- Authors: Aldridge, Maurice Vincent
- Date: 1977
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:20966 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5707
- Description: From Introduction: I should make it clear from the outset that I have no intention of trying to construct a calculus for the quantificational system of English as a natural language. My interests are purely linguistic with special emphasis on that part of the discipline traditionally known as semantics. Thus, although I offer a miniature survey of the development of quantificational studies in Philosophy in Chapter One, and have frequent recourse, in other charters, to observations made by philosophers, especially Quine, I make no attempt whatever to emulate the logicians by constructing such things as rules of inference. I have also tried to avoid symbolic representations except in those cases in which they show up aspects of semantic structure very clearly, and where I have symbolised, I have alternated between the systems of Quine and Peano-Russell, selection in each instance being determined by judgements regarding clarity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Aldridge, Maurice Vincent
- Date: 1977
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:20966 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5707
- Description: From Introduction: I should make it clear from the outset that I have no intention of trying to construct a calculus for the quantificational system of English as a natural language. My interests are purely linguistic with special emphasis on that part of the discipline traditionally known as semantics. Thus, although I offer a miniature survey of the development of quantificational studies in Philosophy in Chapter One, and have frequent recourse, in other charters, to observations made by philosophers, especially Quine, I make no attempt whatever to emulate the logicians by constructing such things as rules of inference. I have also tried to avoid symbolic representations except in those cases in which they show up aspects of semantic structure very clearly, and where I have symbolised, I have alternated between the systems of Quine and Peano-Russell, selection in each instance being determined by judgements regarding clarity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Andrew
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/389599 , vital:68465
- Description: Unaccompanied Zulu church choral hymn.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Andrew
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/333331 , vital:61766
- Description: Xhosa festival workshop performance accompanied by drum and rattle
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
Hugh Tracey memorial service
- Andrew Tracey (Speaker), Tracey, Andrew T N
- Authors: Andrew Tracey (Speaker) , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112616 , vital:33626 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC129a-05
- Description: Andrew Tracey the son reiterating his father's and family close relationship with Daniel Mabuto and Tshabalala and made a significant note to the Tshabalala family and those gathered for memorial service that Tshabalala died exactly a year ago on 23 October 1976 before his father Hugh Tracey who passed away 22 October 1977
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Andrew Tracey (Speaker) , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112616 , vital:33626 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC129a-05
- Description: Andrew Tracey the son reiterating his father's and family close relationship with Daniel Mabuto and Tshabalala and made a significant note to the Tshabalala family and those gathered for memorial service that Tshabalala died exactly a year ago on 23 October 1976 before his father Hugh Tracey who passed away 22 October 1977
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
Hugh Tracey memorial service
- Andrew Tracey (Speaker), Tracey, Andrew T N
- Authors: Andrew Tracey (Speaker) , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113389 , vital:33766 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC131b-05
- Description: Andrew Tracey the son reiterating his father's and family close relationship with Daniel Mabuto and Tshabalala and made a significant note to the Tshabalala family and those gathered for memorial service that Tshabalala died exactly a year ago on 23 October 1976 before his father Hugh Tracey who passed away 22 October 1977
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Andrew Tracey (Speaker) , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113389 , vital:33766 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC131b-05
- Description: Andrew Tracey the son reiterating his father's and family close relationship with Daniel Mabuto and Tshabalala and made a significant note to the Tshabalala family and those gathered for memorial service that Tshabalala died exactly a year ago on 23 October 1976 before his father Hugh Tracey who passed away 22 October 1977
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
Hugh Tracey memorial service
- Andrew Tracey and and group of Shona men, Tracey, Andrew T N
- Authors: Andrew Tracey and and group of Shona men , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Folk music , Chipendani , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: Shona
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113122 , vital:33710 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC130b-07
- Description: Playing Hugh Tracey's 1930 recording of traditional Karanga song accompanied by the Chipendani mouth bow selected in view of his memory
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Andrew Tracey and and group of Shona men , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Folk music , Chipendani , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: Shona
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113122 , vital:33710 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC130b-07
- Description: Playing Hugh Tracey's 1930 recording of traditional Karanga song accompanied by the Chipendani mouth bow selected in view of his memory
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
Hugh Tracey memorial service
- Andrew Tracey and Paul Tracey, Tracey, Andrew T N
- Authors: Andrew Tracey and Paul Tracey , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Mbira , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112643 , vital:33631 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC129a-08
- Description: Playing of Kalimba by Andrew Tracey of his father's favourite tune, 'Jesu Joy' by Bach which never failed to amaze people
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Andrew Tracey and Paul Tracey , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Mbira , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112643 , vital:33631 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC129a-08
- Description: Playing of Kalimba by Andrew Tracey of his father's favourite tune, 'Jesu Joy' by Bach which never failed to amaze people
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
Hugh Tracey memorial service 3
- Andrew Tracey, Pedro Espi and and group of Karanga men, Tracey, Andrew T N
- Authors: Andrew Tracey, Pedro Espi and and group of Karanga men , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Autobiography , Mbira , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: Shona
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112309 , vital:33567 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC128a-02
- Description: Memorial song with Karimba accompaniment in tribute for Hugh Tracey
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Andrew Tracey, Pedro Espi and and group of Karanga men , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Autobiography , Mbira , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: Shona
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112309 , vital:33567 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC128a-02
- Description: Memorial song with Karimba accompaniment in tribute for Hugh Tracey
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
Nyama musango
- Andrew Tracey, Pedro Espi and and group of Karanga men, Tracey, Andrew T N
- Authors: Andrew Tracey, Pedro Espi and and group of Karanga men , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Mbira , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: Shona
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112318 , vital:33568 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC128a-03
- Description: Memorial song with Njari Mbira accompaniment in tribute for Hugh Tracey
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Andrew Tracey, Pedro Espi and and group of Karanga men , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Mbira , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: Shona
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112318 , vital:33568 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC128a-03
- Description: Memorial song with Njari Mbira accompaniment in tribute for Hugh Tracey
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
Hugh Tracey memorial service
- Andrew Tracey, Pedro Espi and and group of Karanga men, Tracey, Andrew T N
- Authors: Andrew Tracey, Pedro Espi and and group of Karanga men , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Folk music , Mbira , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: Shona
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112707 , vital:33644 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC129b-03
- Description: Traditional shona song accompanied by the Kalimba in tribute of Hugh Tracey
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Andrew Tracey, Pedro Espi and and group of Karanga men , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Folk music , Mbira , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: Shona
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112707 , vital:33644 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC129b-03
- Description: Traditional shona song accompanied by the Kalimba in tribute of Hugh Tracey
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
Hugh Tracey memorial service
- Andrew Tracey, Pedro Espi and and group of Karanga men (Performer), Tracey, Andrew T N
- Authors: Andrew Tracey, Pedro Espi and and group of Karanga men (Performer) , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Folk music , Mbira , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: Shona
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112950 , vital:33680 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC130b-01
- Description: Memorial song with Karimba accompaniment in tribute for Hugh Tracey
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Andrew Tracey, Pedro Espi and and group of Karanga men (Performer) , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Folk music , Mbira , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: Shona
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112950 , vital:33680 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC130b-01
- Description: Memorial song with Karimba accompaniment in tribute for Hugh Tracey
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
Hugh Tracey memorial service
- Andrew Tracey, Pedro Espi and and group of Zezuru men, Tracey, Andrew T N
- Authors: Andrew Tracey, Pedro Espi and and group of Zezuru men , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Folk music , Mbira , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: Shona
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112727 , vital:33648 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC129b-04
- Description: Traditional shona song accompanied by the Njari Mbira in tribute of Hugh Tracey
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Andrew Tracey, Pedro Espi and and group of Zezuru men , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Folk music , Mbira , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: Shona
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112727 , vital:33648 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC129b-04
- Description: Traditional shona song accompanied by the Njari Mbira in tribute of Hugh Tracey
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
Hugh Tracey memorial service
- Andrew Tracey, Pedro Espi and and group of Zezuru men, Tracey, Andrew T N
- Authors: Andrew Tracey, Pedro Espi and and group of Zezuru men , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Folk music , Mbira , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: Shona
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112955 , vital:33681 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC130b-02
- Description: Traditional Shona Njari Mbira song played in memory of Hugh Tracey , Memorial song with Njari Mbira accompaniment in tribute for Hugh Tracey
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Andrew Tracey, Pedro Espi and and group of Zezuru men , Tracey, Andrew T N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Tracey, Hugh , Memorial service , Folk music , Mbira , Sub-Saharan African music , Africa South Africa Saronde Farm f-sa
- Language: Shona
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112955 , vital:33681 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC130b-02
- Description: Traditional Shona Njari Mbira song played in memory of Hugh Tracey , Memorial song with Njari Mbira accompaniment in tribute for Hugh Tracey
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977
A new species of Tropheus (Pisces: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika
- Axelrod, G S (Glen S.), Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Axelrod, G S (Glen S.) , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1977-11
- Subjects: Cichlids , Tropheus , Freshwater fishes -- Tanganyika, Lake
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69803 , vital:29581 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 17 , Tropheus polli, a sp. nov. (Pisces: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika, is described and compared with T. moorii Boulenger 1898, T. annectens Boulenger 1900, T. duboisi Marlier 1959, T. brichardi Nelissen & Thys 1975, and T. moorii kasabae Nelissen 1977. Included are detailed morphometric data with a figure and colour plate, a lower pharyngeal bone description with electron micrograph scans, and a type locality map.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977-11
- Authors: Axelrod, G S (Glen S.) , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1977-11
- Subjects: Cichlids , Tropheus , Freshwater fishes -- Tanganyika, Lake
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69803 , vital:29581 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 17 , Tropheus polli, a sp. nov. (Pisces: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika, is described and compared with T. moorii Boulenger 1898, T. annectens Boulenger 1900, T. duboisi Marlier 1959, T. brichardi Nelissen & Thys 1975, and T. moorii kasabae Nelissen 1977. Included are detailed morphometric data with a figure and colour plate, a lower pharyngeal bone description with electron micrograph scans, and a type locality map.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977-11
Feeding ecology of the cichlid fish Sarotherodon Mossambicus in Lake Sibaya, KwaZulu
- Authors: Bowen, Stephen H
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Cichlids -- Ecology , Fishes -- Ecology -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Sibaya, Lake
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5837 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009688 , Cichlids -- Ecology , Fishes -- Ecology -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Sibaya, Lake
- Description: The feeding of the cichlid fish Sarotherodon mossambicus in Lake Sibaya, KwaZulu, was studied in relation to various biotic and abiotic features of the l ake environment from January, 1973 to July, 1975. The primary goal of the study was to determine the cause of stunting and poor condition of adults in this population. Juvenile and adult S. mossambicus feed on a mixture of detritus, bacteria and diatoms that occurs as a flocculent layer on sand substrates throughout the lake. Concentrated gastric acid, commonly at pH values of 1.5 and lower, lyses diatoms and bacteria which are subsequently digested in the intestine. This is the first report of digestion of bacteria by a fish, and the nutritional significance of the finding is discussed. Juveniles feed predominantly on shallow sand terraces found along the margin of much of the lake, while adults usually feed in offshore waters at depths of 3 m and greater. Benthic floc from feeding areas of juveniles and adults have similar concentrations of organic matter, total carbohydrate, soluble carbohydrate and calories, but differ markedly in respect to diatom and protein concentration. Diatom concentrations are generally high in terrace floc but are consistently low in floc from deep water. Protein concentration of benthic floc decreases with increasing depth from 0 - 5 m. Partial correlation analysis shows that protein and diatom concentrations have no correlation independent. of their common relationship to depth, and the evidence implicates detrital bacteria as the primary source of protein in benthic floc. Probable causes of the observed distributions of diatoms and protein are discussed. The protein content of benthic floc profoundly influences its nutritional value. A comparison with available data on animal nutrition shows that the ratio of digestible protein to digestible energy in floc in the shallows is high enough that this food resource would be expected to support good growth, but the ratio for deep water floc is so low that it would be expected to result in conspicuous malnutrition. Thus, inadequate dietary protein is identified as the principal cause of stunting and poor condition of adult S· mossambicus in Lake Sibaya; It is argued that the ratio of digestible protein to digestible calories can be expected to determine the food value of particulate organic matter that includes amorphous detritus in other ecosystems. Despite stunting and poor condition of adults, S. mossambicus are abundant in Lake Sibaya. The precocious breeding of this population is discussed as an adaptation that allows it to maximize reproductive output given the limited resources available to adults. Juvenile S. mossambicus perform daily movements from deep water onto the terraces where they feed and then back into deep water. During periods of relatively low lake level when terrace waters were usually less than 1.5 m deep (1-73 to 1-74), juveniles were present on the terrace throughout daylight hours. At relatively high lake levels (7-74 to 8-75), juveniles were present on the terraces for only about five hours following sunset. Periods of heavy wave action interrupt feeding activity and result in reduced numbers of fish in terrace waters. The possible roles of predator avoidance and temperature in determination of daily feeding behavior are discussed. Daily energy assimilation by juveniles, estimated by a field technique, is approximately 115 cal per g fish dry weight.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Bowen, Stephen H
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Cichlids -- Ecology , Fishes -- Ecology -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Sibaya, Lake
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5837 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009688 , Cichlids -- Ecology , Fishes -- Ecology -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Sibaya, Lake
- Description: The feeding of the cichlid fish Sarotherodon mossambicus in Lake Sibaya, KwaZulu, was studied in relation to various biotic and abiotic features of the l ake environment from January, 1973 to July, 1975. The primary goal of the study was to determine the cause of stunting and poor condition of adults in this population. Juvenile and adult S. mossambicus feed on a mixture of detritus, bacteria and diatoms that occurs as a flocculent layer on sand substrates throughout the lake. Concentrated gastric acid, commonly at pH values of 1.5 and lower, lyses diatoms and bacteria which are subsequently digested in the intestine. This is the first report of digestion of bacteria by a fish, and the nutritional significance of the finding is discussed. Juveniles feed predominantly on shallow sand terraces found along the margin of much of the lake, while adults usually feed in offshore waters at depths of 3 m and greater. Benthic floc from feeding areas of juveniles and adults have similar concentrations of organic matter, total carbohydrate, soluble carbohydrate and calories, but differ markedly in respect to diatom and protein concentration. Diatom concentrations are generally high in terrace floc but are consistently low in floc from deep water. Protein concentration of benthic floc decreases with increasing depth from 0 - 5 m. Partial correlation analysis shows that protein and diatom concentrations have no correlation independent. of their common relationship to depth, and the evidence implicates detrital bacteria as the primary source of protein in benthic floc. Probable causes of the observed distributions of diatoms and protein are discussed. The protein content of benthic floc profoundly influences its nutritional value. A comparison with available data on animal nutrition shows that the ratio of digestible protein to digestible energy in floc in the shallows is high enough that this food resource would be expected to support good growth, but the ratio for deep water floc is so low that it would be expected to result in conspicuous malnutrition. Thus, inadequate dietary protein is identified as the principal cause of stunting and poor condition of adult S· mossambicus in Lake Sibaya; It is argued that the ratio of digestible protein to digestible calories can be expected to determine the food value of particulate organic matter that includes amorphous detritus in other ecosystems. Despite stunting and poor condition of adults, S. mossambicus are abundant in Lake Sibaya. The precocious breeding of this population is discussed as an adaptation that allows it to maximize reproductive output given the limited resources available to adults. Juvenile S. mossambicus perform daily movements from deep water onto the terraces where they feed and then back into deep water. During periods of relatively low lake level when terrace waters were usually less than 1.5 m deep (1-73 to 1-74), juveniles were present on the terrace throughout daylight hours. At relatively high lake levels (7-74 to 8-75), juveniles were present on the terraces for only about five hours following sunset. Periods of heavy wave action interrupt feeding activity and result in reduced numbers of fish in terrace waters. The possible roles of predator avoidance and temperature in determination of daily feeding behavior are discussed. Daily energy assimilation by juveniles, estimated by a field technique, is approximately 115 cal per g fish dry weight.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
Explanation of the geological map of the country east of Kariba
- Authors: Broderick, T J
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Geology -- Kariba, Lake (Zambia and Zimbabwe) -- Maps , Geology -- Kariba, Lake (Zambia and Zimbabwe)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5075 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1014650
- Description: The area covers part of the western end of the Zambezi Metamorphic Belt as it is known in Rhodesia. Most of the rocks are paragneisses of various ages that have suffered a long and complex history which has taken them into the highest facies of metamorphism and into the realm of granitization. Only the Karoo sediments of the Zambezi Valley are unaffected by these metamorphic events. From the scanty geochronological results obtainable from the north of Rhodesia, the history of this area started more than 2 500 million years ago. In the east and south-east of the mapped area are a group of highly migmatized granitic gneisses which represent a continuation westwards of similar rocks found in the area described in Bulletin 51 by Wiles (1961}. These Urungwe Paragneisses are regarded as forrning the basement on which all other rocks in the area lie, although their relationship with the Basement Complex is unknown. Climatically Kariba is hot and humid. Mean summer temperatures average 30°C (86°F), with temperatures in October that often exceed 40°C (100°F). Away from the Lake the humidity decreases and the increased altitudes above the Escarpment have a cooling effect. The township's mean annual rainfall is 665 millimetres (26,2 inches), most of which falls in the months between November and February. Basically. the area is well timbered but population pressures in the tribal areas, and depredation by elephants elsewhere, have made serious inroads upon the natural vegetation. The gneissic terrain above the Escarpment is characterized by mufuti trees (Brachystegia boehmiz). The baobab (Adansonia digitata) is common in the larger river valleys and in the low-lying area surrounding the lake shore where it occurs together with mopane (Colophospermum mopane) and thick jessie bush. In the river valleys, trees typical of the Zambezi Valley are common and include the tamarind (Tamarindus indica), mumvey (Kigelia africana) and Steculia species. Buffalo beans (Mucuma coriacea) are not uncommon in grassy river-beds. Physiographically, the area can be subdivided into three distinct regions, all of which have a marked geological control. They are- (1) The fault-lined Gwembe trough which has subsequently been inundated by the waters of Lake Kariba to an average altitude of 487 metres (1 600 feet) above sea level since the completion of the dam across the upstream entrance to the Kariba Gorge in 1960. The fiat land that now forms part of the lake shore is underlain by sediments of Karoo age and these, in the mapped area, occupy the Charara and Gachegache Basins, that lie to the north and south respectively of the Msango Range. These fiat-lying areas give way sharply to the gneissic terrain of the Zambezi Metamorphic Belt along the fault-lined Zambezi Escarpment. (2) The northern boundary of the area and the Msango Range are underlain by metasediments of the Makuti Group. The relief is strongly influenced by the regional geological structure of these complexly folded rocks with resistant meta-arkose and quartzite forming the sharp ridges and metapelites occupying the valleys. The ridges and valleys trend eastwards in the Msango Range, but along the northern boundary they trend north-westwards. (3) The linear topographic features of the Makuti Group terrain give way southwards to the older gneisses along an abrupt scarp edge, the base of which is marked by the Tsororo River. This terrain of gneisses is very rugged and highly dissected above the Zambezi Escarpment until it flattens out, at about 900 metres (2 950 feet) above sea level, into the Urungwe Tribal Trust Lands. In the rugged country above the Escarpment, granulites of the Piriwiri Group stand out above the gneisses as steep-sided conical bills. The country rises in a series of fault-lined steps to its highest point, at Nyamangwe trigonometrical beacon, which stands at 1 336 metres (4 382 feet) above sea level.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Broderick, T J
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Geology -- Kariba, Lake (Zambia and Zimbabwe) -- Maps , Geology -- Kariba, Lake (Zambia and Zimbabwe)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5075 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1014650
- Description: The area covers part of the western end of the Zambezi Metamorphic Belt as it is known in Rhodesia. Most of the rocks are paragneisses of various ages that have suffered a long and complex history which has taken them into the highest facies of metamorphism and into the realm of granitization. Only the Karoo sediments of the Zambezi Valley are unaffected by these metamorphic events. From the scanty geochronological results obtainable from the north of Rhodesia, the history of this area started more than 2 500 million years ago. In the east and south-east of the mapped area are a group of highly migmatized granitic gneisses which represent a continuation westwards of similar rocks found in the area described in Bulletin 51 by Wiles (1961}. These Urungwe Paragneisses are regarded as forrning the basement on which all other rocks in the area lie, although their relationship with the Basement Complex is unknown. Climatically Kariba is hot and humid. Mean summer temperatures average 30°C (86°F), with temperatures in October that often exceed 40°C (100°F). Away from the Lake the humidity decreases and the increased altitudes above the Escarpment have a cooling effect. The township's mean annual rainfall is 665 millimetres (26,2 inches), most of which falls in the months between November and February. Basically. the area is well timbered but population pressures in the tribal areas, and depredation by elephants elsewhere, have made serious inroads upon the natural vegetation. The gneissic terrain above the Escarpment is characterized by mufuti trees (Brachystegia boehmiz). The baobab (Adansonia digitata) is common in the larger river valleys and in the low-lying area surrounding the lake shore where it occurs together with mopane (Colophospermum mopane) and thick jessie bush. In the river valleys, trees typical of the Zambezi Valley are common and include the tamarind (Tamarindus indica), mumvey (Kigelia africana) and Steculia species. Buffalo beans (Mucuma coriacea) are not uncommon in grassy river-beds. Physiographically, the area can be subdivided into three distinct regions, all of which have a marked geological control. They are- (1) The fault-lined Gwembe trough which has subsequently been inundated by the waters of Lake Kariba to an average altitude of 487 metres (1 600 feet) above sea level since the completion of the dam across the upstream entrance to the Kariba Gorge in 1960. The fiat land that now forms part of the lake shore is underlain by sediments of Karoo age and these, in the mapped area, occupy the Charara and Gachegache Basins, that lie to the north and south respectively of the Msango Range. These fiat-lying areas give way sharply to the gneissic terrain of the Zambezi Metamorphic Belt along the fault-lined Zambezi Escarpment. (2) The northern boundary of the area and the Msango Range are underlain by metasediments of the Makuti Group. The relief is strongly influenced by the regional geological structure of these complexly folded rocks with resistant meta-arkose and quartzite forming the sharp ridges and metapelites occupying the valleys. The ridges and valleys trend eastwards in the Msango Range, but along the northern boundary they trend north-westwards. (3) The linear topographic features of the Makuti Group terrain give way southwards to the older gneisses along an abrupt scarp edge, the base of which is marked by the Tsororo River. This terrain of gneisses is very rugged and highly dissected above the Zambezi Escarpment until it flattens out, at about 900 metres (2 950 feet) above sea level, into the Urungwe Tribal Trust Lands. In the rugged country above the Escarpment, granulites of the Piriwiri Group stand out above the gneisses as steep-sided conical bills. The country rises in a series of fault-lined steps to its highest point, at Nyamangwe trigonometrical beacon, which stands at 1 336 metres (4 382 feet) above sea level.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
The biology of Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in Lake Sibaya, Kwazulu, with emphasis on its role as a predator
- Authors: Bruton, Michael N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Catfishes -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Lake Sibaya. , Clarias , Clariidae
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5886 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013313
- Description: Aspects of the biology of the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) were studied in a clear coastal lake (Lake Sibaya, KwaZulu.). Catfish reach maturity towards the end of the first year (total length 200-250mm) and breed in summer. Gonadal maturation is cyclical, and most fishes are ripe between September. and January e ach year. Maturation stages and fecundity are described. Twenty-two catfish spawning runs were witnessed. There were no large aggregations of catfish before the Summer rains, as reported in some impoundments and rivers, but catfish accumulated on the shallow terrace immediately before a spawning run. Spawning usually took place in flooded marginal areas after heavy rain on dark calm nights. Peak activity occurred between 20h00 and 02h30. Pre-nuptial aggression, courtship and mating are described and illustrated in detail for the first time from field observations. Gonadal products are released while in amplexus and fertilized externally. The eggs have an adhesive disc for attachment to plants, and develop rapidly. Early development and feeding are described. The growth rate of catfish was determined using rings on the pectoral spines, and validated using recent techniques. C.gariepinus in Lake Sibaya grow rapidly and remain in good condition to a length of 500mm, but larger catfish have a poor growth rate and condition, and few exceed 650mm. The modal length and weight of the Sibaya population is intermediate between that of other populations but the number and condition of larger catfish in Lake Sibaya is lower. Other studies on C.gariepinus growth are reviewed. Very high and low first year increments obtained previously may be due to methodological errors, but catfish do appear to have variable growth rates. The size reached by C.gariepinus is reviewed. Catfish are equipped morphologically and behaviourally to feed on a wide variety of·prey in different situations, but they usually feed at night on exposed, active benthic organisms. Social hunting facilitates the capture of prey which is too fast or manoevrable for a single predator. Food preferences are scored by three different methods and presented for the total catfish population and for different length groups, seasons, and habitats. Juveniles feed more often and on a greater variety of prey, and their condition is better than that of adults. The proportions of several food items in the diet changed at different lake levels as marginal areas became inundated. In particular, increasing lake levels resulted in a change in relative density of three cichlid prey in the shallow water feeding area of catfish. This situation provided the opportunity to study the effect of changing cichlid density on predation by catfish. The world literature on factors influencing the predator-prey relationship in fish is reviewed and several key factors are identified. The interaction of fish predators and prey in Africa, and particularly Lake Sibaya, is examined in detail, and prey density, modified by accessibility, is found to be an important factor. The effect of cichlid prey density on catfish predation was therefore investigated using field collections and experimental observations. Catfish prey on the cichlid species with greatest relative abundance, with some deviations which can be explained in terms of accessibility. The experimental results also describe feeding periodicity, imitative hunting and the effect of water depth , day-night light intensity changes and predator number on predation efficiency on cichlids. Catfish predation is discussed in terms of recent predation theory, and it is concluded that their ability to switch from one prey to another as prey availability (= density+ accessibility) changes , is an an important aspect of their success as predators. Catfish predate more efficiently on invertebrates, but feed largely on fishes after the first year. This preference for fish prey is probably related to food quality, as fishes contributed over 75% of the energy content of all ingested food, as well as abundant protein and the correct amino acid balance. Finally, I conclude that the role of C.gariepinus as a predator on S.mossambicus is three-fold: (a) to enhance species' fitness by removing enfeebled individuals i.e. to act as a 'cleanser' (b) to restrict the distribution of prey under certain conditions i.e. act as a 'restricter' (c) to dampen fluctuations in cichlid abundance i.e. act as a 'regulator'. The relative importance of these roles may alter at different lake levels in Lake Sibaya in response to changes in the vulnerability of fish prey.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Bruton, Michael N
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: Catfishes -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Lake Sibaya. , Clarias , Clariidae
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5886 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013313
- Description: Aspects of the biology of the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) were studied in a clear coastal lake (Lake Sibaya, KwaZulu.). Catfish reach maturity towards the end of the first year (total length 200-250mm) and breed in summer. Gonadal maturation is cyclical, and most fishes are ripe between September. and January e ach year. Maturation stages and fecundity are described. Twenty-two catfish spawning runs were witnessed. There were no large aggregations of catfish before the Summer rains, as reported in some impoundments and rivers, but catfish accumulated on the shallow terrace immediately before a spawning run. Spawning usually took place in flooded marginal areas after heavy rain on dark calm nights. Peak activity occurred between 20h00 and 02h30. Pre-nuptial aggression, courtship and mating are described and illustrated in detail for the first time from field observations. Gonadal products are released while in amplexus and fertilized externally. The eggs have an adhesive disc for attachment to plants, and develop rapidly. Early development and feeding are described. The growth rate of catfish was determined using rings on the pectoral spines, and validated using recent techniques. C.gariepinus in Lake Sibaya grow rapidly and remain in good condition to a length of 500mm, but larger catfish have a poor growth rate and condition, and few exceed 650mm. The modal length and weight of the Sibaya population is intermediate between that of other populations but the number and condition of larger catfish in Lake Sibaya is lower. Other studies on C.gariepinus growth are reviewed. Very high and low first year increments obtained previously may be due to methodological errors, but catfish do appear to have variable growth rates. The size reached by C.gariepinus is reviewed. Catfish are equipped morphologically and behaviourally to feed on a wide variety of·prey in different situations, but they usually feed at night on exposed, active benthic organisms. Social hunting facilitates the capture of prey which is too fast or manoevrable for a single predator. Food preferences are scored by three different methods and presented for the total catfish population and for different length groups, seasons, and habitats. Juveniles feed more often and on a greater variety of prey, and their condition is better than that of adults. The proportions of several food items in the diet changed at different lake levels as marginal areas became inundated. In particular, increasing lake levels resulted in a change in relative density of three cichlid prey in the shallow water feeding area of catfish. This situation provided the opportunity to study the effect of changing cichlid density on predation by catfish. The world literature on factors influencing the predator-prey relationship in fish is reviewed and several key factors are identified. The interaction of fish predators and prey in Africa, and particularly Lake Sibaya, is examined in detail, and prey density, modified by accessibility, is found to be an important factor. The effect of cichlid prey density on catfish predation was therefore investigated using field collections and experimental observations. Catfish prey on the cichlid species with greatest relative abundance, with some deviations which can be explained in terms of accessibility. The experimental results also describe feeding periodicity, imitative hunting and the effect of water depth , day-night light intensity changes and predator number on predation efficiency on cichlids. Catfish predation is discussed in terms of recent predation theory, and it is concluded that their ability to switch from one prey to another as prey availability (= density+ accessibility) changes , is an an important aspect of their success as predators. Catfish predate more efficiently on invertebrates, but feed largely on fishes after the first year. This preference for fish prey is probably related to food quality, as fishes contributed over 75% of the energy content of all ingested food, as well as abundant protein and the correct amino acid balance. Finally, I conclude that the role of C.gariepinus as a predator on S.mossambicus is three-fold: (a) to enhance species' fitness by removing enfeebled individuals i.e. to act as a 'cleanser' (b) to restrict the distribution of prey under certain conditions i.e. act as a 'restricter' (c) to dampen fluctuations in cichlid abundance i.e. act as a 'regulator'. The relative importance of these roles may alter at different lake levels in Lake Sibaya in response to changes in the vulnerability of fish prey.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
Epitaph
- Authors: Butler, Guy F
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/458818 , vital:75773 , https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/AJA00284459_339
- Description: New Coin is one of South Africa's most established and influential poetry journals. It publishes poetry, and poetry-related reviews, commentary and interviews. New Coin places a particular emphasis on evolving forms and experimental use of the English language in poetry in the South African context. In this sense it has traced the most exciting trends and currents in contemporary poetry in South Africa for a decade of more. The journal is published twice a year in June and December by the Institute for the Study of English in Africa (ISEA), Rhodes University.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Butler, Guy F
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/458818 , vital:75773 , https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/AJA00284459_339
- Description: New Coin is one of South Africa's most established and influential poetry journals. It publishes poetry, and poetry-related reviews, commentary and interviews. New Coin places a particular emphasis on evolving forms and experimental use of the English language in poetry in the South African context. In this sense it has traced the most exciting trends and currents in contemporary poetry in South Africa for a decade of more. The journal is published twice a year in June and December by the Institute for the Study of English in Africa (ISEA), Rhodes University.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
Body grows old, heart stays young
- Authors: Butler, Guy F
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/458785 , vital:75771 , https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/AJA00284459_339
- Description: New Coin is one of South Africa's most established and influential poetry journals. It publishes poetry, and poetry-related reviews, commentary and interviews. New Coin places a particular emphasis on evolving forms and experimental use of the English language in poetry in the South African context. In this sense it has traced the most exciting trends and currents in contemporary poetry in South Africa for a decade of more. The journal is published twice a year in June and December by the Institute for the Study of English in Africa (ISEA), Rhodes University.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977
- Authors: Butler, Guy F
- Date: 1977
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/458785 , vital:75771 , https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/AJA00284459_339
- Description: New Coin is one of South Africa's most established and influential poetry journals. It publishes poetry, and poetry-related reviews, commentary and interviews. New Coin places a particular emphasis on evolving forms and experimental use of the English language in poetry in the South African context. In this sense it has traced the most exciting trends and currents in contemporary poetry in South Africa for a decade of more. The journal is published twice a year in June and December by the Institute for the Study of English in Africa (ISEA), Rhodes University.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977