Improved nonlinear optical behaviour of ball type indium (III) phthalocyanine linked to glutathione capped nanoparticles
- Nwaji, Njemuwa, Oluwole, David O, Mack, John, Louzada, Marcel, Khene, Samson M, Britton, Jonathan, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Nwaji, Njemuwa , Oluwole, David O , Mack, John , Louzada, Marcel , Khene, Samson M , Britton, Jonathan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/239654 , vital:50752 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.01.066"
- Description: The synthesis of ball–type indium phthalocyanine (complex 4) and its covalent attachment to glutathione (GSH–) capped (Ag, Au, CdTeSe, CdTeSe/ZnO) nanoparticles are reported in this work. Furthermore, their photophysical and nonlinear optical behaviour were investigated. We observed a decrease in the fluorescence quantum yield with corresponding increase in the triplet quantum yield of the nanoconjugates in comparison to complex 4 alone. The reverse saturable absorption was found to be dependent on excited state absorption. The optical limiting threshold ranges from 0.40–0.78 (J/cm2). The nanoconjugate of the complex 4 with GSH–CdTeSe/ZnO (QD1) accounted for the most improved triplet state parameters and nonlinear optical behaviour in comparison to complex 4 and the other nanoconjugates studied in this work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Nwaji, Njemuwa , Oluwole, David O , Mack, John , Louzada, Marcel , Khene, Samson M , Britton, Jonathan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/239654 , vital:50752 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.01.066"
- Description: The synthesis of ball–type indium phthalocyanine (complex 4) and its covalent attachment to glutathione (GSH–) capped (Ag, Au, CdTeSe, CdTeSe/ZnO) nanoparticles are reported in this work. Furthermore, their photophysical and nonlinear optical behaviour were investigated. We observed a decrease in the fluorescence quantum yield with corresponding increase in the triplet quantum yield of the nanoconjugates in comparison to complex 4 alone. The reverse saturable absorption was found to be dependent on excited state absorption. The optical limiting threshold ranges from 0.40–0.78 (J/cm2). The nanoconjugate of the complex 4 with GSH–CdTeSe/ZnO (QD1) accounted for the most improved triplet state parameters and nonlinear optical behaviour in comparison to complex 4 and the other nanoconjugates studied in this work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
How good are our guidelines? Four years of experience with the SAMJ’s AGREE II review of submitted clinical practice guidelines
- Kredo, Tamara, Wiseman, Roger, Gray, Andy, Parrish, Andy, Miot, Jacqui, Jamaloodien, Khadija, Blockman, Marc
- Authors: Kredo, Tamara , Wiseman, Roger , Gray, Andy , Parrish, Andy , Miot, Jacqui , Jamaloodien, Khadija , Blockman, Marc
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5296 , vital:44431 , http://10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i11.13646
- Description: The South African Medical Journal (SAMJ) is an established source of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) serving the local healthcare community. CPGs link professional societies and clinicians by guiding best practice through the collation and interpretation of the best available evidence. Not only are CPGs important in standardising the quality of patient care, but they also assist with medicine selection and resource allocation decisions, adjudicating medicolegal claims, and promoting equity by influencing medicine access and health system organisation.[1] In 2014, the SAMJ appointed an editorial subcommittee to review CPGs submitted for publication.[2] This was in response to several concerns, including the global shift in CPG quality requirements, the potential effect of poor-quality CPGs on healthcare quality and cost, and the challenges South African (SA) CPG developers face in meeting new standards. This editorial reflects on the SAMJ CPG review subcommittee’s experience over the past 4 years and describes the value of more robust CPG development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Kredo, Tamara , Wiseman, Roger , Gray, Andy , Parrish, Andy , Miot, Jacqui , Jamaloodien, Khadija , Blockman, Marc
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5296 , vital:44431 , http://10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i11.13646
- Description: The South African Medical Journal (SAMJ) is an established source of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) serving the local healthcare community. CPGs link professional societies and clinicians by guiding best practice through the collation and interpretation of the best available evidence. Not only are CPGs important in standardising the quality of patient care, but they also assist with medicine selection and resource allocation decisions, adjudicating medicolegal claims, and promoting equity by influencing medicine access and health system organisation.[1] In 2014, the SAMJ appointed an editorial subcommittee to review CPGs submitted for publication.[2] This was in response to several concerns, including the global shift in CPG quality requirements, the potential effect of poor-quality CPGs on healthcare quality and cost, and the challenges South African (SA) CPG developers face in meeting new standards. This editorial reflects on the SAMJ CPG review subcommittee’s experience over the past 4 years and describes the value of more robust CPG development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Hsp90 binds directly to fibronectin (FN) and inhibition reduces the extracellular fibronectin matrix in breast cancer cells:
- Hunter, Morgan C, O’Hagan, Kyle L, Kenyon, Amy, Dhanani, Karim C H, Prinsloo, Earl, Edkins, Adrienne L
- Authors: Hunter, Morgan C , O’Hagan, Kyle L , Kenyon, Amy , Dhanani, Karim C H , Prinsloo, Earl , Edkins, Adrienne L
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/164841 , vital:41177 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086842
- Description: Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has been identified in the extracellular space and has been shown to chaperone a finite number of extracellular proteins involved in cell migration and invasion. We used chemical cross-linking and immunoprecipitation followed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to isolate a complex containing Hsp90 and the matrix protein fibronectin (FN) from breast cancer cells.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Hunter, Morgan C , O’Hagan, Kyle L , Kenyon, Amy , Dhanani, Karim C H , Prinsloo, Earl , Edkins, Adrienne L
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/164841 , vital:41177 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086842
- Description: Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has been identified in the extracellular space and has been shown to chaperone a finite number of extracellular proteins involved in cell migration and invasion. We used chemical cross-linking and immunoprecipitation followed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to isolate a complex containing Hsp90 and the matrix protein fibronectin (FN) from breast cancer cells.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
The comparative value of wild and domestic plants in home gardens of a South African rural village
- High, Christopher, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: High, Christopher , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181907 , vital:43779 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006247614579"
- Description: Rural inhabitants make considerable use of wild resources from communal areas around their settlements, as well as from arable and residential plots. These wild resources compete with the main crops planted in arable plots and home gardens, but play a significant economic and nutritional role in rural livelihoods. This paper reports upon a conservative financial evaluation of the wild plant resources harvested from home gardens and arable plots by inhabitants of rural village in the Bushbuckridge lowveld (South Africa), and examines their importance relative to other domesticated crops. On average, each household made use of four to five species of wild plants growing on their residential plot, whereas the mean number of crop plants was 3.4. The total value of all plants was R1694 (US$ 269) per household per year, or approximately R4200 (US$ 667) per hectare of home garden per year. Wild plants represented 31% of the value of all plants grown on residential plots, relative to the 69% for domesticated crops (including fruit trees). Approximately 72% of the total value of all plant products was consumed by the household, and the remaining 28% was sold.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: High, Christopher , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181907 , vital:43779 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006247614579"
- Description: Rural inhabitants make considerable use of wild resources from communal areas around their settlements, as well as from arable and residential plots. These wild resources compete with the main crops planted in arable plots and home gardens, but play a significant economic and nutritional role in rural livelihoods. This paper reports upon a conservative financial evaluation of the wild plant resources harvested from home gardens and arable plots by inhabitants of rural village in the Bushbuckridge lowveld (South Africa), and examines their importance relative to other domesticated crops. On average, each household made use of four to five species of wild plants growing on their residential plot, whereas the mean number of crop plants was 3.4. The total value of all plants was R1694 (US$ 269) per household per year, or approximately R4200 (US$ 667) per hectare of home garden per year. Wild plants represented 31% of the value of all plants grown on residential plots, relative to the 69% for domesticated crops (including fruit trees). Approximately 72% of the total value of all plant products was consumed by the household, and the remaining 28% was sold.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Aggregation control of robust water-soluble zinc (II) phthalocyanine-based photosensitizers
- Ikeuchi, Takuro, Mack, John, Nyokong, Tebello, Kobayashi, Nagao, Kimura, Mutsumi
- Authors: Ikeuchi, Takuro , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello , Kobayashi, Nagao , Kimura, Mutsumi
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/239709 , vital:50757 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03552"
- Description: A water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) complex with four negatively charged electron-withdrawing sulfonic acid substituents at the nonperipheral positions (α-ZnTSPc) is found to have a high singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield and exhibits high photostability. The formation of aggregates is hindered and the highest occupied molecular orbital is significantly stabilized, making α-ZnTSPc potentially suitable for its use as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy and photoimmunotherapy. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals that mixtures of the negatively charged α-ZnTSPc complex with a similar positively charged ZnPc were found to result in the self-assembly of one-dimensional accordion-like fibers. Supramolecular fibers can be formed in aqueous solutions through intermolecular electrostatic and donor–acceptor interactions between the two water-soluble ZnPcs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Ikeuchi, Takuro , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello , Kobayashi, Nagao , Kimura, Mutsumi
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/239709 , vital:50757 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03552"
- Description: A water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) complex with four negatively charged electron-withdrawing sulfonic acid substituents at the nonperipheral positions (α-ZnTSPc) is found to have a high singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield and exhibits high photostability. The formation of aggregates is hindered and the highest occupied molecular orbital is significantly stabilized, making α-ZnTSPc potentially suitable for its use as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy and photoimmunotherapy. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals that mixtures of the negatively charged α-ZnTSPc complex with a similar positively charged ZnPc were found to result in the self-assembly of one-dimensional accordion-like fibers. Supramolecular fibers can be formed in aqueous solutions through intermolecular electrostatic and donor–acceptor interactions between the two water-soluble ZnPcs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Section 40 of the Consumer Protection Act in comparative perspective: aantekeninge
- Authors: Glover, Graham B
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70527 , vital:29672 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC144971
- Description: The purpose of this comment is to consider some of the problems with how we are to understand the role and purpose of section 40 of South Africa's Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 when viewed from a doctrinal perspective. Section 40 has the heading "Unconscionable conduct", and contains three subsections.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Glover, Graham B
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70527 , vital:29672 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC144971
- Description: The purpose of this comment is to consider some of the problems with how we are to understand the role and purpose of section 40 of South Africa's Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 when viewed from a doctrinal perspective. Section 40 has the heading "Unconscionable conduct", and contains three subsections.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2013
Leadership Styles and Employee Job Satisfaction: A Case of Head of Departments in Walter Sisulu UniversityMonitoring and Management Mechanisms on Stress in HEI in Eastern Cape Province in South Africa: Critical Review
- Asoba, Samson Nambei, Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Educational Leadership Education (Higher) College department heads Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8082 , vital:61392 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/leadership-styles-and-employee-job-satisfaction-a-case-of-head-of-departments-in-walter-sisulu-university-10942.html"
- Description: This study was based on the relationship between the leadership styles of Academic head of Department and employee job satisfaction at the Higher Education Institution (HEI). In so doing, the study was based on the following questions: What is the relationship between leadership styles of HODs and employee job satisfaction in a Higher Education institution in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A purposive sampling technique was utilised to select the participants, which comprised 80 academic staff members to which the researcher hand-delivered 80 questionnaires. The study employed a quantitative method to collect and analyse data. The study found that Perceptions on the leadership styles of academic HODs at the HEI are varied. No clear pattern emerged on what leadership styles are prevalent. The relationship between leadership styles and employee job satisfaction appears to be nonlinear. Job satisfaction is a phenomenon that is determined by many factors, not simply leadership styles.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Educational Leadership Education (Higher) College department heads Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8082 , vital:61392 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/leadership-styles-and-employee-job-satisfaction-a-case-of-head-of-departments-in-walter-sisulu-university-10942.html"
- Description: This study was based on the relationship between the leadership styles of Academic head of Department and employee job satisfaction at the Higher Education Institution (HEI). In so doing, the study was based on the following questions: What is the relationship between leadership styles of HODs and employee job satisfaction in a Higher Education institution in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A purposive sampling technique was utilised to select the participants, which comprised 80 academic staff members to which the researcher hand-delivered 80 questionnaires. The study employed a quantitative method to collect and analyse data. The study found that Perceptions on the leadership styles of academic HODs at the HEI are varied. No clear pattern emerged on what leadership styles are prevalent. The relationship between leadership styles and employee job satisfaction appears to be nonlinear. Job satisfaction is a phenomenon that is determined by many factors, not simply leadership styles.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
The Dassie and the Hunter: A South African Meeting
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175147 , vital:42547 , https://doi.org/10.4314/tvl.v43i1.29727
- Description: This book does not resemble any of Jeff Opland’s previous academic works. There is no similarity in style, and to some extent content. His previous books, namely, Xhosa oral poetry: Aspects of a black South African tradition (Cambridge University Press, 1983), and Xhosa poets and poetry (David Philip, 1998), were written as purely scientific, academic works. The Dassie and the Hunter amounts to a subtle snub of academia and its restrictive rules. Though written by Opland, it is as if he and his research subject, Manisi, have colluded to make this work different and special, in a personal mystical way, disregarding academic etiquette, weaving a more creative, poetic tapestry. This makes the book an interesting read. In style and content, it is neither rigorously academic, solely biographical, nor purely creative. It evades classification. It is individualistic.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175147 , vital:42547 , https://doi.org/10.4314/tvl.v43i1.29727
- Description: This book does not resemble any of Jeff Opland’s previous academic works. There is no similarity in style, and to some extent content. His previous books, namely, Xhosa oral poetry: Aspects of a black South African tradition (Cambridge University Press, 1983), and Xhosa poets and poetry (David Philip, 1998), were written as purely scientific, academic works. The Dassie and the Hunter amounts to a subtle snub of academia and its restrictive rules. Though written by Opland, it is as if he and his research subject, Manisi, have colluded to make this work different and special, in a personal mystical way, disregarding academic etiquette, weaving a more creative, poetic tapestry. This makes the book an interesting read. In style and content, it is neither rigorously academic, solely biographical, nor purely creative. It evades classification. It is individualistic.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Aza boron-pyridyl-isoindoline analogues
- Zhang, Hui, Wu, Yanping, Fan, Minhui, Xiao, Xuqiong, Mack, John, Kubheka, Gugu, Nyokong, Tebello, Lu, Hua
- Authors: Zhang, Hui , Wu, Yanping , Fan, Minhui , Xiao, Xuqiong , Mack, John , Kubheka, Gugu , Nyokong, Tebello , Lu, Hua
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/232912 , vital:50037 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NJ00707H"
- Description: Several aza boron-pyridyl-isoindoline analogues are synthesized through a facile and scale-up two step reaction using 1,2-naphthalenedicarbonitrile as a starting material. These analogues show broad envelopes of intense vibrational bands in the absorption spectra with moderate fluorescence quantum yields in solution and the solid-state. An analysis of the structure–property relationships is described based on X-ray crystallography, optical spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Zhang, Hui , Wu, Yanping , Fan, Minhui , Xiao, Xuqiong , Mack, John , Kubheka, Gugu , Nyokong, Tebello , Lu, Hua
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/232912 , vital:50037 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NJ00707H"
- Description: Several aza boron-pyridyl-isoindoline analogues are synthesized through a facile and scale-up two step reaction using 1,2-naphthalenedicarbonitrile as a starting material. These analogues show broad envelopes of intense vibrational bands in the absorption spectra with moderate fluorescence quantum yields in solution and the solid-state. An analysis of the structure–property relationships is described based on X-ray crystallography, optical spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Preference for C4 shade grasses increases hatchling performance in the butterfly, Bicyclus safitza
- Nokelainen, Ossi, Ripley, Bradford Sherman, Van Bergen, Erik, Osborne, Colin P, Brakefield, Paul M
- Authors: Nokelainen, Ossi , Ripley, Bradford Sherman , Van Bergen, Erik , Osborne, Colin P , Brakefield, Paul M
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61424 , vital:28025 , http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.2235/full
- Description: The Miocene radiation of C4 grasses under high-temperature and low ambient CO2 levels occurred alongside the transformation of a largely forested landscape into savanna. This inevitably changed the host plant regime of herbivores, and the simultaneous diversification of many consumer lineages, including Bicyclus butterflies in Africa, suggests that the radiations of grasses and grazers may be evolutionary linked. We examined mechanisms for this plant–herbivore interaction with the grass-feeding Bicyclus safitza in South Africa. In a controlled environment, we tested oviposition preference and hatchling performance on local grasses with C3 or C4 photosynthetic pathways that grow either in open or shaded habitats. We predicted preference for C3 plants due to a hypothesized lower processing cost and higher palatability to herbivores. In contrast, we found that females preferred C4 shade grasses rather than either C4 grasses from open habitats or C3 grasses. The oviposition preference broadly followed hatchling performance, although hatchling survival was equally good on C4 or C3 shade grasses. This finding was explained by leaf toughness; shade grasses were softer than grasses from open habitats. Field monitoring revealed a preference of adults for shaded habitats, and stable isotope analysis of field-sampled individuals confirmed their preference for C4 grasses as host plants. Our findings suggest that plant–herbivore interactions can influence the direction of selection in a grass-feeding butterfly. Based on this work, we postulate future research to test whether these interactions more generally contribute to radiations in herbivorous insects via expansions into new, unexploited ecological niches.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Nokelainen, Ossi , Ripley, Bradford Sherman , Van Bergen, Erik , Osborne, Colin P , Brakefield, Paul M
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61424 , vital:28025 , http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.2235/full
- Description: The Miocene radiation of C4 grasses under high-temperature and low ambient CO2 levels occurred alongside the transformation of a largely forested landscape into savanna. This inevitably changed the host plant regime of herbivores, and the simultaneous diversification of many consumer lineages, including Bicyclus butterflies in Africa, suggests that the radiations of grasses and grazers may be evolutionary linked. We examined mechanisms for this plant–herbivore interaction with the grass-feeding Bicyclus safitza in South Africa. In a controlled environment, we tested oviposition preference and hatchling performance on local grasses with C3 or C4 photosynthetic pathways that grow either in open or shaded habitats. We predicted preference for C3 plants due to a hypothesized lower processing cost and higher palatability to herbivores. In contrast, we found that females preferred C4 shade grasses rather than either C4 grasses from open habitats or C3 grasses. The oviposition preference broadly followed hatchling performance, although hatchling survival was equally good on C4 or C3 shade grasses. This finding was explained by leaf toughness; shade grasses were softer than grasses from open habitats. Field monitoring revealed a preference of adults for shaded habitats, and stable isotope analysis of field-sampled individuals confirmed their preference for C4 grasses as host plants. Our findings suggest that plant–herbivore interactions can influence the direction of selection in a grass-feeding butterfly. Based on this work, we postulate future research to test whether these interactions more generally contribute to radiations in herbivorous insects via expansions into new, unexploited ecological niches.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Zinc (II) 2, 9, 16, 23-tetrakis [4-(N-methylpyridyloxy)]-phthalocyanine anchored on an electrospun polysulfone polymer fiber: Application for photosensitized conversion of methyl orange
- Zugle, Ruphino, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Zugle, Ruphino , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/232741 , vital:50020 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2012.10.001"
- Description: In this work, a comparative study of photodegradation of methyl orange, an azo dye, in homogeneous aqueous solution of a quarternized cationic zinc phthalocyanine and a heterogeneous catalytic system based on the same phthalocyanine anchored on polysulfone polymer fiber is presented. In both cases, conversion involved the azo bond of the dye with no detectable opening up of the aromatic benzene rings. The reaction kinetics in both cases were consistent with first order with the conversion occurring in the homogeneous system being faster than when the functionalized polymer fiber was used. The reaction products consisted of a coupling product as well as a series of oligopolymeric products.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Zugle, Ruphino , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/232741 , vital:50020 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2012.10.001"
- Description: In this work, a comparative study of photodegradation of methyl orange, an azo dye, in homogeneous aqueous solution of a quarternized cationic zinc phthalocyanine and a heterogeneous catalytic system based on the same phthalocyanine anchored on polysulfone polymer fiber is presented. In both cases, conversion involved the azo bond of the dye with no detectable opening up of the aromatic benzene rings. The reaction kinetics in both cases were consistent with first order with the conversion occurring in the homogeneous system being faster than when the functionalized polymer fiber was used. The reaction products consisted of a coupling product as well as a series of oligopolymeric products.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
External Factors affecting Blackboard Learning Management System adoption by Students: Evidence from a Historically Disadvantaged Higher Education Institution in South Africa
- O. Matarirano, M. Panicker, N.R. Jere https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-2753, A. Maliwa
- Authors: O. Matarirano , M. Panicker , N.R. Jere https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-2753 , A. Maliwa
- Date: 2021
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3304 , vital:43306 , https://doi.org/10.20853/35-2-4025
- Description: Learning Management Systems (LMS) have the ability to transform learning experiences of students in Higher Education Institutions (HEI). In addition to the developmental benefits, LMS assist teaching and learning during student unrests, a common feature in historically disadvantaged institutions in South Africa. Regardless of the benefits of LMS platforms such as Blackboard, the utilisation by university students at the institution under study has been very low. Applying cross sectional electronic survey, this study identifies the key factors influencing technology adoption, as identified in the General Extended Technology Acceptance Model for E-Learning (GETAMEL), behind perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness in the adoption of technology. A sample of 125 students at a historically disadvantaged institution in South Africa was considered for the study. Data was collected to understand their perceptions on use of Blackboard Learning Management System (BB) for learning. Data was analysed with SmartPLS statistical analysis software. Results show that perceived ease of use of BB is influenced by computer self-efficacy, computer amusement and computer anxiety whilst perceived usefulness of BB is influenced by subjective norm and computer enjoyment. The findings also show computer experience to significantly affect computer self-efficacy and computer self-efficacy to affect computer enjoyment. The article presents the external factors that affect the usage of LMS at one of the historically disadvantaged HEI in South Africa. HEI leadership has to prioritise the identified external factors to increase chances of acceptance and utilisation of Blackboard by learners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: O. Matarirano , M. Panicker , N.R. Jere https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-2753 , A. Maliwa
- Date: 2021
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3304 , vital:43306 , https://doi.org/10.20853/35-2-4025
- Description: Learning Management Systems (LMS) have the ability to transform learning experiences of students in Higher Education Institutions (HEI). In addition to the developmental benefits, LMS assist teaching and learning during student unrests, a common feature in historically disadvantaged institutions in South Africa. Regardless of the benefits of LMS platforms such as Blackboard, the utilisation by university students at the institution under study has been very low. Applying cross sectional electronic survey, this study identifies the key factors influencing technology adoption, as identified in the General Extended Technology Acceptance Model for E-Learning (GETAMEL), behind perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness in the adoption of technology. A sample of 125 students at a historically disadvantaged institution in South Africa was considered for the study. Data was collected to understand their perceptions on use of Blackboard Learning Management System (BB) for learning. Data was analysed with SmartPLS statistical analysis software. Results show that perceived ease of use of BB is influenced by computer self-efficacy, computer amusement and computer anxiety whilst perceived usefulness of BB is influenced by subjective norm and computer enjoyment. The findings also show computer experience to significantly affect computer self-efficacy and computer self-efficacy to affect computer enjoyment. The article presents the external factors that affect the usage of LMS at one of the historically disadvantaged HEI in South Africa. HEI leadership has to prioritise the identified external factors to increase chances of acceptance and utilisation of Blackboard by learners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
The next decade of environmental science in South Africa: a horizon scan
- Shackleton, Charlie M, Scholes, Robert J, Vogel, Coleen, Wynberg, Rachel, Abrahamse, Tanya, Shackleton, Sheona E, Ellery, William F N, Gambiza, James
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Scholes, Robert J , Vogel, Coleen , Wynberg, Rachel , Abrahamse, Tanya , Shackleton, Sheona E , Ellery, William F N , Gambiza, James
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/157124 , vital:40088 , https://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2011.563064
- Description: Environmental systems are in constant flux, with feedbacks and non-linearities catalysed by natural trends and shocks as well as human actions. This poses challenges for sustainable management to promote human well-being. It requires environmental understanding and application that can accommodate such fluxes and pressures, as well as knowledge production systems and institutions that produce graduates with appropriate skills. In this article we consider these challenges in the South African context. Firstly, we summarise six significant environmental realisations from the last decade of environmental science internationally and question what they mean for the teaching of environmental science and research into environmental systems in South Africa in the near future. We then consider these lessons within the context of a horizon scan of near-term pressing environmental issues in South Africa. These include wateruse efficiency, poverty, food security, inequities in land and resource access, urbanisation, agrochemicals and water quality, promoting human well-being and economic adaptability in the face of climate change, and imbuing stronger environmental elements and stewardship into the integrated development planning processes and outcomes. Lastly, we consider the knowledge areas and skills that environmental graduates will require to be able to confront these problems in South Africa and simultaneously contribute to international debates and understandings around the complexity of environmental systems and how to manage them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Scholes, Robert J , Vogel, Coleen , Wynberg, Rachel , Abrahamse, Tanya , Shackleton, Sheona E , Ellery, William F N , Gambiza, James
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/157124 , vital:40088 , https://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2011.563064
- Description: Environmental systems are in constant flux, with feedbacks and non-linearities catalysed by natural trends and shocks as well as human actions. This poses challenges for sustainable management to promote human well-being. It requires environmental understanding and application that can accommodate such fluxes and pressures, as well as knowledge production systems and institutions that produce graduates with appropriate skills. In this article we consider these challenges in the South African context. Firstly, we summarise six significant environmental realisations from the last decade of environmental science internationally and question what they mean for the teaching of environmental science and research into environmental systems in South Africa in the near future. We then consider these lessons within the context of a horizon scan of near-term pressing environmental issues in South Africa. These include wateruse efficiency, poverty, food security, inequities in land and resource access, urbanisation, agrochemicals and water quality, promoting human well-being and economic adaptability in the face of climate change, and imbuing stronger environmental elements and stewardship into the integrated development planning processes and outcomes. Lastly, we consider the knowledge areas and skills that environmental graduates will require to be able to confront these problems in South Africa and simultaneously contribute to international debates and understandings around the complexity of environmental systems and how to manage them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
PKS 2250−351: A Giant Radio Galaxy in Abell 3936
- Seymour, N, Huynh, M, Shabala, S S, Rogers, J, Davies, L J M, Turner, R J, O'Brien, A, Ishwara-Chandra, C H, Thorne, J E, Galvin, T J, Jarrett, T, Anderbach, H, Anderson, A, Bunton, J, Chow, K, Collier, J D, Driver, S, Filipovic, M D, Gurkan, G, Hopkins, A M, Kapinska, A D, Leahy, D A, Marvil, J, Manojlovic, P, Norris, R P, Phillips, C, Robotham, A, Rudnick, L, Singh, V, White, S V
- Authors: Seymour, N , Huynh, M , Shabala, S S , Rogers, J , Davies, L J M , Turner, R J , O'Brien, A , Ishwara-Chandra, C H , Thorne, J E , Galvin, T J , Jarrett, T , Anderbach, H , Anderson, A , Bunton, J , Chow, K , Collier, J D , Driver, S , Filipovic, M D , Gurkan, G , Hopkins, A M , Kapinska, A D , Leahy, D A , Marvil, J , Manojlovic, P , Norris, R P , Phillips, C , Robotham, A , Rudnick, L , Singh, V , White, S V
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150320 , vital:38967 , https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2019.49
- Description: We present a detailed analysis of the radio galaxy PKS , a giant of 1.2 Mpc projected size, its host galaxy, and its environment. We use radio data from the Murchison Widefield Array, the upgraded Giant Metre-wavelength Radio Telescope, the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder, and the Australia Telescope Compact Array to model the jet power and age. Optical and IR data come from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey and provide information on the host galaxy and environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Seymour, N , Huynh, M , Shabala, S S , Rogers, J , Davies, L J M , Turner, R J , O'Brien, A , Ishwara-Chandra, C H , Thorne, J E , Galvin, T J , Jarrett, T , Anderbach, H , Anderson, A , Bunton, J , Chow, K , Collier, J D , Driver, S , Filipovic, M D , Gurkan, G , Hopkins, A M , Kapinska, A D , Leahy, D A , Marvil, J , Manojlovic, P , Norris, R P , Phillips, C , Robotham, A , Rudnick, L , Singh, V , White, S V
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150320 , vital:38967 , https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2019.49
- Description: We present a detailed analysis of the radio galaxy PKS , a giant of 1.2 Mpc projected size, its host galaxy, and its environment. We use radio data from the Murchison Widefield Array, the upgraded Giant Metre-wavelength Radio Telescope, the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder, and the Australia Telescope Compact Array to model the jet power and age. Optical and IR data come from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey and provide information on the host galaxy and environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Effects of symmetry and the number of positive charges on the photocatalytic activity of indium phthalocyanines when embedded in electrospun fibers
- Chakona, Gamuchirai, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Chakona, Gamuchirai , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188304 , vital:44743 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2016.12.025"
- Description: Photooxidations of bisphenol A and 4-chlorophenol were carried out in this study using two asymmetric indium(III) phthalocyanines photosensitizers: the first consisting of one quaternized 4-pyridyloxyl and no other substituents (complex 1) and the second containing three quaternized 4-pyridylsulfanyl units and one aminophenoxy (complex 3). The asymmetry of complex 3 is additionally caused by the presence of two linking atoms (O and S). The symmetrically substituted indium(III) phthalocyanine containing four quaternized 4-pyridyloxyl units (complex 2) was also studied. The complexes were embedded in electrospun polystyrene fiber for heterogeneous photocatalytic transformation of 4-chlorophenol and bisphenol A. When immobilized on electrospun fibers, complexes 1, 2 and 3 gave singlet oxygen values of 0.31, 0.39 and 0.50 in water, respectively. Complex 3 showed the best photocatalytic behavior with observed rate constants of 2.8 × 10−3 min−1 for bisphenol A and 3.8 × 10−3 min−1 for 4-chlorophenol.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Chakona, Gamuchirai , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188304 , vital:44743 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2016.12.025"
- Description: Photooxidations of bisphenol A and 4-chlorophenol were carried out in this study using two asymmetric indium(III) phthalocyanines photosensitizers: the first consisting of one quaternized 4-pyridyloxyl and no other substituents (complex 1) and the second containing three quaternized 4-pyridylsulfanyl units and one aminophenoxy (complex 3). The asymmetry of complex 3 is additionally caused by the presence of two linking atoms (O and S). The symmetrically substituted indium(III) phthalocyanine containing four quaternized 4-pyridyloxyl units (complex 2) was also studied. The complexes were embedded in electrospun polystyrene fiber for heterogeneous photocatalytic transformation of 4-chlorophenol and bisphenol A. When immobilized on electrospun fibers, complexes 1, 2 and 3 gave singlet oxygen values of 0.31, 0.39 and 0.50 in water, respectively. Complex 3 showed the best photocatalytic behavior with observed rate constants of 2.8 × 10−3 min−1 for bisphenol A and 3.8 × 10−3 min−1 for 4-chlorophenol.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Water-soluble quaternized mercaptopyridine-substituted zinc-phthalocyanines
- Durmuş, Mahmut, Yaman, Hanif, Göl, Cem, Ahsen, Vefa, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Durmuş, Mahmut , Yaman, Hanif , Göl, Cem , Ahsen, Vefa , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/247133 , vital:51549 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2011.02.007"
- Description: The synthesis and characterization of the new zinc phthalocyanine derivatives, tetra- (non-peripheral, 5) and octa-(peripheral, 6) substituted with 2-mercaptopyridine and their respective quaternized derivatives (8 and 9) are reported. Photochemical and photophysical properties of the new complexes are compared with those of the previously reported peripherally tetra-substituted complexes 7 and 10. The quaternized compounds exhibit excellent solubility in water, making them potential photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. Spectroscopic, aggregation, photophysical and photochemical properties of these complexes are also investigated and compared. Photophysical (fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes) and photochemical (singlet oxygen and photodegradation quantum yield) properties of these phthalocyanine photosensitizers are very important for the assessment of these complexes as PDT agents. In this study, the effects of the position of the substituents and quaternization of the substituents on the photophysical and photochemical parameters of the zinc phthalocyanines are also reported. This study also showed that the water-soluble quaternized zinc phthalocyanines strongly bind to blood plasma proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Durmuş, Mahmut , Yaman, Hanif , Göl, Cem , Ahsen, Vefa , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/247133 , vital:51549 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2011.02.007"
- Description: The synthesis and characterization of the new zinc phthalocyanine derivatives, tetra- (non-peripheral, 5) and octa-(peripheral, 6) substituted with 2-mercaptopyridine and their respective quaternized derivatives (8 and 9) are reported. Photochemical and photophysical properties of the new complexes are compared with those of the previously reported peripherally tetra-substituted complexes 7 and 10. The quaternized compounds exhibit excellent solubility in water, making them potential photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. Spectroscopic, aggregation, photophysical and photochemical properties of these complexes are also investigated and compared. Photophysical (fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes) and photochemical (singlet oxygen and photodegradation quantum yield) properties of these phthalocyanine photosensitizers are very important for the assessment of these complexes as PDT agents. In this study, the effects of the position of the substituents and quaternization of the substituents on the photophysical and photochemical parameters of the zinc phthalocyanines are also reported. This study also showed that the water-soluble quaternized zinc phthalocyanines strongly bind to blood plasma proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Pushing against ‘China-Africa’ slowly, and with small stories:
- Authors: Simbao, Ruth K
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146778 , vital:38556 , http://www.somethingweafricansgot.com/about-1
- Description: the new focus on african arts and critical thought.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Simbao, Ruth K
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146778 , vital:38556 , http://www.somethingweafricansgot.com/about-1
- Description: the new focus on african arts and critical thought.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
A Note on the (Continued) Ability of the Yield Curve to Forecast Economic Downturns in South Africa
- Authors: Botha, Ferdi , Keeton, Gavin
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/395994 , vital:69142 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/saje.12053"
- Description: In 2002-2003, the South African yield spread falsely signalled a downswing that never materialised. This paper provides two reasons for this false signal. First, while the Reserve Bank never actually officially declared the start of a downswing, by alternative measures a downswing did actually occur. It is this severe weakness in economic activity at that time that the yield curve pointed to. Second, short-term interest rates in 2003 were higher than they should have been because of a mistake made in measuring consumer price inflation. Because South Africa had recently introduced an inflation-targeting regime, policy interest rates were, as a result of this error, kept too high for too long. This policy mistake was rectified as soon as the error in the Consumer Price Index was discovered. Thus, the yield curve in 2003 pointed to the reality that short-term interest rates were too high and risked pushing the economy into full blown recession. This is demonstrated by the fact that it was a fall in long bond interest rates that caused the yield spread to turn negative, indicating expectations that short-term interest rates would need to be cut – as indeed they were.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Botha, Ferdi , Keeton, Gavin
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/395994 , vital:69142 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/saje.12053"
- Description: In 2002-2003, the South African yield spread falsely signalled a downswing that never materialised. This paper provides two reasons for this false signal. First, while the Reserve Bank never actually officially declared the start of a downswing, by alternative measures a downswing did actually occur. It is this severe weakness in economic activity at that time that the yield curve pointed to. Second, short-term interest rates in 2003 were higher than they should have been because of a mistake made in measuring consumer price inflation. Because South Africa had recently introduced an inflation-targeting regime, policy interest rates were, as a result of this error, kept too high for too long. This policy mistake was rectified as soon as the error in the Consumer Price Index was discovered. Thus, the yield curve in 2003 pointed to the reality that short-term interest rates were too high and risked pushing the economy into full blown recession. This is demonstrated by the fact that it was a fall in long bond interest rates that caused the yield spread to turn negative, indicating expectations that short-term interest rates would need to be cut – as indeed they were.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Factors influencing the shape of CW-OSL signal obtained by stimulation of very deep traps in carbon-doped aluminium oxide: an experimental study
- Nyirenda, Angel N, Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Authors: Nyirenda, Angel N , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/115493 , vital:34149 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.07.016
- Description: The optically stimulated luminescence from carbon-doped aluminium oxide (α-Al2O3:C) displays a peak with time under certain measurement conditions. In this paper, we present factors that influence the peak-like shape of continuous-wave optically stimulated luminescence (CW-OSL) signal. The report is based on the experimental study of OSL signals obtained by stimulation of very deep traps in α-Al2O3:C. Methods exploiting post-irradiation annealing, variable dose and temperature dependent OSL measurements were used in the investigation. It is found that the rising part of the CW-OSL peak is obtained when the rate of retrapping at the most optically active trap (main trap) exceeds the rate of direct radiative recombination following optical release of charges from all optically active traps. This is possible if, during optical stimulation, the primary trap responsible for OSL i.e. the main trap, is substantially unoccupied and the very deep, donor traps are substantially filled up. The rate of charge retrapping itself is deduced to depend on the occupancy of the acceptor traps i.e. shallow, main and secondary traps; concentration of charge carriers in the very deep, donor traps; the post-irradiation annealing temperature and the temperature at which the OSL is measured.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Nyirenda, Angel N , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/115493 , vital:34149 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.07.016
- Description: The optically stimulated luminescence from carbon-doped aluminium oxide (α-Al2O3:C) displays a peak with time under certain measurement conditions. In this paper, we present factors that influence the peak-like shape of continuous-wave optically stimulated luminescence (CW-OSL) signal. The report is based on the experimental study of OSL signals obtained by stimulation of very deep traps in α-Al2O3:C. Methods exploiting post-irradiation annealing, variable dose and temperature dependent OSL measurements were used in the investigation. It is found that the rising part of the CW-OSL peak is obtained when the rate of retrapping at the most optically active trap (main trap) exceeds the rate of direct radiative recombination following optical release of charges from all optically active traps. This is possible if, during optical stimulation, the primary trap responsible for OSL i.e. the main trap, is substantially unoccupied and the very deep, donor traps are substantially filled up. The rate of charge retrapping itself is deduced to depend on the occupancy of the acceptor traps i.e. shallow, main and secondary traps; concentration of charge carriers in the very deep, donor traps; the post-irradiation annealing temperature and the temperature at which the OSL is measured.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2017
Electrocatalytic activity of Schiff base containing copper phthalocyanines towards the detection of catechol
- Ndebele, Nobuhle, Sen, Pinar, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Ndebele, Nobuhle , Sen, Pinar , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/231410 , vital:49885 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2021.115518"
- Description: In this study, four new copper phthalocyanine complexes were synthesised and studied as electrocatalysts for the detection of catechol. Two of these complexes were derived from a symmetrical benzaldehyde phthalocyanine complex via the condensation of the benzaldehyde substituents with amine reagents. The electrocatalysts proved to be highly stable towards the detection of catechol. The oxidation peaks obtained using cyclic voltammetry range from 0.20 to 0.38 V. Detection limits were obtained via chronoamperometry and are as low as 0.16 µM with fairly high sensitives being obtained. Overall all four copper complexes exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the electrooxidation of catechol.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Ndebele, Nobuhle , Sen, Pinar , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/231410 , vital:49885 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2021.115518"
- Description: In this study, four new copper phthalocyanine complexes were synthesised and studied as electrocatalysts for the detection of catechol. Two of these complexes were derived from a symmetrical benzaldehyde phthalocyanine complex via the condensation of the benzaldehyde substituents with amine reagents. The electrocatalysts proved to be highly stable towards the detection of catechol. The oxidation peaks obtained using cyclic voltammetry range from 0.20 to 0.38 V. Detection limits were obtained via chronoamperometry and are as low as 0.16 µM with fairly high sensitives being obtained. Overall all four copper complexes exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the electrooxidation of catechol.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021