Systematics of the Afrotropical Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
- Authors: Faure, Sariana
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/192808 , vital:45266
- Description: Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
- Authors: Faure, Sariana
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/192808 , vital:45266
- Description: Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
An analysis of intellectual property awareness among researchers at University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Mawokomayi-Moffat, Betina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7299-7327
- Authors: Mawokomayi-Moffat, Betina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7299-7327
- Date: 2020-09
- Subjects: Intellectual property
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21224 , vital:47418
- Description: This study emerges in the period whereby innovation has become relevant in today’s society. Globally, universities are shifting from being merely centers of learning to becoming entrepreneurial universities as they are commercialising their intellectual property (IP). This study analyses IP awareness among researchers at University of Fort Hare (UFH). The study was informed by the pragmatic paradigm and a mixed-methods design was used to collect data. The study focuses on IP awareness activities conducted between 2016 and 2019, data was collected between January 2020 and November 2020 as there was need for collecting more data from the Innovation Office to supplement the data that was initially collected. Closed ended questionnaires were distributed to researchers at UFH since they are potential IP creators, an open-ended questionnaire was also used to collect data from one key informant from the Innovation Office, and a semi-structured interview was conducted with one key informant from the Innovation Office at UFH. Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data from qualitative responses on questionnaires, interview responses and the UFH IP policy. Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Microsoft Excel were used to analyse quantitative data. The study revealed that the UFH Innovation Office employs various communication strategies to create awareness of IP among researchers and that the Office hosts at least three IP workshops each year. The study found out that methods used to create awareness include social media posts, email communication, distributing booklets and fliers that contain IP information, interactive discussions with IP experts, and small visits to faculty researchers, or research groups to conduct presentations on IP. However, despite these initiatives at the University, the study found out that researchers have a low level of IP awareness and this needs to be addressed by the Innovation Office. Interestingly, the results further indicated that UFH values IP and in responding to the requirements of the Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Funded Research Act, of 2008, the University established its Technology Transfer Office that is responsible for facilitation of commercialisation of research outputs and creating awareness of IP among researchers. The study recommends the need to improve communication strategies for IP awareness and that the Office should employ diversified strategies to educate researchers about the importance of IP and its protection and that awareness activities should not be a once off activity but continuous. The study also recommends the University and the government to consider incorporating IP modules in the curriculum of all disciplines so that every student and researcher would have the knowledge of IP and how it affects people’s lives. The study also recommends that research and development should be prioritised as innovations emanate from research projects. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-09
- Authors: Mawokomayi-Moffat, Betina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7299-7327
- Date: 2020-09
- Subjects: Intellectual property
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21224 , vital:47418
- Description: This study emerges in the period whereby innovation has become relevant in today’s society. Globally, universities are shifting from being merely centers of learning to becoming entrepreneurial universities as they are commercialising their intellectual property (IP). This study analyses IP awareness among researchers at University of Fort Hare (UFH). The study was informed by the pragmatic paradigm and a mixed-methods design was used to collect data. The study focuses on IP awareness activities conducted between 2016 and 2019, data was collected between January 2020 and November 2020 as there was need for collecting more data from the Innovation Office to supplement the data that was initially collected. Closed ended questionnaires were distributed to researchers at UFH since they are potential IP creators, an open-ended questionnaire was also used to collect data from one key informant from the Innovation Office, and a semi-structured interview was conducted with one key informant from the Innovation Office at UFH. Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data from qualitative responses on questionnaires, interview responses and the UFH IP policy. Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Microsoft Excel were used to analyse quantitative data. The study revealed that the UFH Innovation Office employs various communication strategies to create awareness of IP among researchers and that the Office hosts at least three IP workshops each year. The study found out that methods used to create awareness include social media posts, email communication, distributing booklets and fliers that contain IP information, interactive discussions with IP experts, and small visits to faculty researchers, or research groups to conduct presentations on IP. However, despite these initiatives at the University, the study found out that researchers have a low level of IP awareness and this needs to be addressed by the Innovation Office. Interestingly, the results further indicated that UFH values IP and in responding to the requirements of the Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Funded Research Act, of 2008, the University established its Technology Transfer Office that is responsible for facilitation of commercialisation of research outputs and creating awareness of IP among researchers. The study recommends the need to improve communication strategies for IP awareness and that the Office should employ diversified strategies to educate researchers about the importance of IP and its protection and that awareness activities should not be a once off activity but continuous. The study also recommends the University and the government to consider incorporating IP modules in the curriculum of all disciplines so that every student and researcher would have the knowledge of IP and how it affects people’s lives. The study also recommends that research and development should be prioritised as innovations emanate from research projects. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-09
Conflict-induced displacement: a study of risk and support for the older refugees in South Africa
- Yusuf, Mohammed Sanusi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6871-0186
- Authors: Yusuf, Mohammed Sanusi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6871-0186
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Migration, Internal , Displacement (Psychology) , Refugees -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22231 , vital:52001
- Description: With the exponential rise in conflict scenarios globally, the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees in foreign countries continues to grow. Although there has been several international efforts and conventions aimed at alleviating the global refugee crisis, the international community has not found a sustainable answer to this knotty problem. In Africa, with some of the worst conflict situations, the scourge of social displacement resulting in migrations have caused different levels of risks and vulnerability for the refugees, as well as capacity constraints for the host communities, governments of host countries and non-governmental bodies working with refugees. In South Africa, with one of the highest numbers of refugees in Africa, especially those coming from African countries, contention for socio-economic space and cultural differences occasionally result in violence between refugees and local people. For the older refugees, the level of risk exposure and hardship have generated interests for both scholars and officials. This thesis explores the risks and support systems for older refugees in South Africa, with specific focus on the Eastern Cape province. Various stakeholders (such as government, NGOs, host communities and the older refugees) in refugee management in South Africa have argued differently on ‘how best’ to manage older refugees in the country. Using qualitative data gathered from refugee communities in the Eastern Cape province and documentary analysis, the study found that the experiences of older refugees in the Eastern Cape province are nuanced. The dominant narrative on the experiences of older refugees indicate peaceful coexistence and resilient organic community support systems, with minor conflicts – often associated with contestations for scarce economic opportunities. Although the study focuses on one province of South Africa, this finding challenges the often-overgeneralised perception of South Africa as ‘xenophobic’. It unpacks the hidden resilient social systems and networks of relationships that bind local populations and the refugees, especially the older ones. In the search for national, regional and global answers on the best way to manage refugee crisis, this study provides insights into community-level structures and dynamics that would benefit policymaking at the national and international levels , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
- Authors: Yusuf, Mohammed Sanusi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6871-0186
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Migration, Internal , Displacement (Psychology) , Refugees -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22231 , vital:52001
- Description: With the exponential rise in conflict scenarios globally, the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees in foreign countries continues to grow. Although there has been several international efforts and conventions aimed at alleviating the global refugee crisis, the international community has not found a sustainable answer to this knotty problem. In Africa, with some of the worst conflict situations, the scourge of social displacement resulting in migrations have caused different levels of risks and vulnerability for the refugees, as well as capacity constraints for the host communities, governments of host countries and non-governmental bodies working with refugees. In South Africa, with one of the highest numbers of refugees in Africa, especially those coming from African countries, contention for socio-economic space and cultural differences occasionally result in violence between refugees and local people. For the older refugees, the level of risk exposure and hardship have generated interests for both scholars and officials. This thesis explores the risks and support systems for older refugees in South Africa, with specific focus on the Eastern Cape province. Various stakeholders (such as government, NGOs, host communities and the older refugees) in refugee management in South Africa have argued differently on ‘how best’ to manage older refugees in the country. Using qualitative data gathered from refugee communities in the Eastern Cape province and documentary analysis, the study found that the experiences of older refugees in the Eastern Cape province are nuanced. The dominant narrative on the experiences of older refugees indicate peaceful coexistence and resilient organic community support systems, with minor conflicts – often associated with contestations for scarce economic opportunities. Although the study focuses on one province of South Africa, this finding challenges the often-overgeneralised perception of South Africa as ‘xenophobic’. It unpacks the hidden resilient social systems and networks of relationships that bind local populations and the refugees, especially the older ones. In the search for national, regional and global answers on the best way to manage refugee crisis, this study provides insights into community-level structures and dynamics that would benefit policymaking at the national and international levels , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
Social-ecological systems approaches to integrated estuarine governance: the Swartkops Estuary
- Hartmann, Ntombizanele Rebecca
- Authors: Hartmann, Ntombizanele Rebecca
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Aquatic resources conservation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Ecosystem management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Biodiversity conservation -- Economic aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51483 , vital:43282
- Description: Estuaries are complex systems and should be defined as social-ecological systems. This study investigated whether the Swartkops Estuary was managed as a socialecological system and also argued for the resource to be characterised as a commonpool resource due to its ‘open access’ nature and being utilised by many users. People often live in close proximity to estuarine resources. This means that the ecological component of the estuary cannot be managed separately from the social system. There are feedbacks that result from the interactions taking place between the ecological and social components and these need to be considered. Furthermore, the interactions between humans and estuaries are complex and do not change in a linear, predictable manner. The research methods investigated two research aims: (i) to investigate whether social-ecological systems approaches are currently being adopted in the Swartkops Estuary; and (ii) the sustainable management of the Swartkops Estuary and potentially other estuaries in South Africa. The following research objectives formed the basis of this study: (i) to examine the current management system of the Swartkops Estuary; (ii) to determine and map the social and institutional actors for the Swartkops Estuary; (iii) to analyse the views of local stakeholders, authorities (policy makers) and policy implementers on the use of a social-ecological systems approach in the integrated management of the Swartkops Estuary; and (iv) to illustrate the potential advantages of adopting a social-ecological systems approach for ecosystem services and society. A mixed-method research design was applied in this study using questionnaires, semistructured interviews and focus groups discussions as data collection methods. The ecosystem services approach is one of the accepted approaches that links humans and ecosystems and the results of this study has demonstrated that the habitats of the Swartkops Estuary provide ecosystems systems to various stakeholders. Through the application of the natures’ contribution to peoples lens, this study has shown that estuaries contribute both positively (ecosystem services) and negatively (ecosystem disservices) to people. The findings of this study have revealed that the Swartkops Estuary faces sustainability challenges related to free-riding and the tragedy of the commons dichotomy. The governance of the Swartkops Estuary is weak due to the limited implementation of policy and regulatory requirements. This inadequacy in implementation has led to the overexploitation of living resources in the Swartkops Estuary because the ‘rulesin use’ are not respected and adhered to by users. This study therefore proposes guiding principles and practical implications for each of the following dimensions: (i) social-ecological systems; (ii) common-pool resources; and (iii) governance for integrated sustainable estuarine management. Challenges faced by estuaries are not only of ecological, social or economic nature; they involve a combination of all three. The sustainability of estuaries is therefore complex and requires management and governance that is designed to cope with, and adapt to, the social-ecological system changes. The novel contribution of this study is moving away from the orthodox approaches of examining the Swartkops Estuary by applying the SES approach to assess the governance of the estuary as a common-pool resource. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Humanities, Development Studies, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Hartmann, Ntombizanele Rebecca
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Aquatic resources conservation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Ecosystem management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Biodiversity conservation -- Economic aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51483 , vital:43282
- Description: Estuaries are complex systems and should be defined as social-ecological systems. This study investigated whether the Swartkops Estuary was managed as a socialecological system and also argued for the resource to be characterised as a commonpool resource due to its ‘open access’ nature and being utilised by many users. People often live in close proximity to estuarine resources. This means that the ecological component of the estuary cannot be managed separately from the social system. There are feedbacks that result from the interactions taking place between the ecological and social components and these need to be considered. Furthermore, the interactions between humans and estuaries are complex and do not change in a linear, predictable manner. The research methods investigated two research aims: (i) to investigate whether social-ecological systems approaches are currently being adopted in the Swartkops Estuary; and (ii) the sustainable management of the Swartkops Estuary and potentially other estuaries in South Africa. The following research objectives formed the basis of this study: (i) to examine the current management system of the Swartkops Estuary; (ii) to determine and map the social and institutional actors for the Swartkops Estuary; (iii) to analyse the views of local stakeholders, authorities (policy makers) and policy implementers on the use of a social-ecological systems approach in the integrated management of the Swartkops Estuary; and (iv) to illustrate the potential advantages of adopting a social-ecological systems approach for ecosystem services and society. A mixed-method research design was applied in this study using questionnaires, semistructured interviews and focus groups discussions as data collection methods. The ecosystem services approach is one of the accepted approaches that links humans and ecosystems and the results of this study has demonstrated that the habitats of the Swartkops Estuary provide ecosystems systems to various stakeholders. Through the application of the natures’ contribution to peoples lens, this study has shown that estuaries contribute both positively (ecosystem services) and negatively (ecosystem disservices) to people. The findings of this study have revealed that the Swartkops Estuary faces sustainability challenges related to free-riding and the tragedy of the commons dichotomy. The governance of the Swartkops Estuary is weak due to the limited implementation of policy and regulatory requirements. This inadequacy in implementation has led to the overexploitation of living resources in the Swartkops Estuary because the ‘rulesin use’ are not respected and adhered to by users. This study therefore proposes guiding principles and practical implications for each of the following dimensions: (i) social-ecological systems; (ii) common-pool resources; and (iii) governance for integrated sustainable estuarine management. Challenges faced by estuaries are not only of ecological, social or economic nature; they involve a combination of all three. The sustainability of estuaries is therefore complex and requires management and governance that is designed to cope with, and adapt to, the social-ecological system changes. The novel contribution of this study is moving away from the orthodox approaches of examining the Swartkops Estuary by applying the SES approach to assess the governance of the estuary as a common-pool resource. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Humanities, Development Studies, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
The dynamics in implementing Inclusive Education in South Africa: Case studies of four Primary Schools in KwaZulu-Natal
- Authors: Nzuza, Zakhele Dennis
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: Inclusive education
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26219 , vital:64974
- Description: The study explored the implemention of inclusive education in primary schools in the uMgungundlovu area, in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Locally and globally, the notion of inclusive education has presented various difficulties relating to the understanding stakeholders have of inclusive education and also in terms of embracing it and implementing it in schools. Stakeholders in South Africa have experienced similar challenges regarding a clear and common understanding of inclusive education and ensuring effective implementation. Despite various reforms adopted by the South African government, learners experiencing barriers to learning have persistently suffered inadequate access to quality education and equal learning opportunities. The reviewed literature has highlighted numerous challenges that have constrained effective implementation of inclusive education in South African schools. The reviewed literature also indicated that some teachers had negative attitudes towards inclusive education, and that such attitudes were linked to the lack of clear understanding of what inclusive education was about. At the core of this study is the fact that very little is known in South Africa about the implementation of inclusive education. Therefore, this study sought to unravel how chools implement inclusive education and, in that process, contribute to a deeper understanding of this phenomenon. The study utilised the Theory of Planned Behaviour as a theoretical framework and inclusive pedagogy as a conceptual framework to explore the implementation of inclusive education in four study schools. A qualitative approach underpinned by an interpretive research paradigm was adopted. Purposive sampling techniques were used to select twenty educators, four learners experiencing barriers to learning and four parents of learners experiencing barriers to learning to participate in this study. Four techniques were used to produce qualitative data, namely, semi-structured interviews, observations, documents’ review, and focus group discussions. Semi-structured interviews with educators and learners experiencing barriers to learning were utilised to generate data in the four selected primary schools. In addition to semi structured interviews, learners were also observed during lessons. Relevant documents kept in the schools were also reviewed to augment data generated through interviews. Focus group discussions were held with four parents of the learners experiencing barriers to learning. Data were analysed employing qualitative content analysis to come up with themes. The findings revealed that there was no common understanding amongst the teachers about what constituted inclusive education. Most educators understood inclusive education as referring to accommodating all learners in the classroom to reach their potential. These educators would help all learners, including those with barriers to learning thus contributing to the implementation of inclusive education in their schools. However, the findings also revealed that some educators understood inclusive education as referring to a situation where all learners received quality education, but those with barriers to learning being accommodated in special schools or special classrooms separate from their counterparts. The findings indicated that there was a lack of knowledge about inclusive education and such a lack contributed to misunderstandings about the essence of inclusive education. In addition, teachers lacked skills in dealing with learners experiencing barriers to learning, resulting in inefficient and ineffective implementation of inclusive education. It was evident from the findings that the curriculum was inflexible and the teachers lacked capacity to customise the content to the needs of all the learners, especially those experiencing learning barriers. Therefore, for teachers to implement inclusive education, it was necessary that content had to be flexible to meet the educational needs of all learners. The findings further revealed that using various teaching methods, such as visual objects and demonstrations was helpful in adapting the rigid curriculum and making it user friendly for learners experiencing barriers to learning. In addition, the research findings revealed that group work and peer learning assisted educators to implement inclusive education. Research findings also revealed that implementing inclusive education was hindered by various systematic factors, such as lack of parental support, overcrowding in classrooms, and socioeconomic challenges. I concluded that there is a remarkable knowledge deficit that can be addressed by training, including pre-service and ongoing professional development activities for teachers. I can also conclude that based on the findings educators require training on inclusive education, beginning with teachers currently in the system. The training can then be included in the curriculum of pre-service educators so that they can obtain a clear understanding of inclusive education and thus develop positive attitudes towards inclusive education. Similarly, school management teams require training on their own so that they can be able to provide adequate and effective support to the teachers in the classrooms. Another recommendation is that educators should be capacitated and developed in inclusive education to enhance their confidence in delivering the curriculum and to handle learners experiencing barriers to learning. Similarly, it is recommended that there be a collaboration between schools, homes, and other stakeholders to assist learners experiencing barriers to learning on their education journey, thus effectively implementing inclusive education in schools. Finally, a model for the improvement of inclusive education is proposed. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
- Authors: Nzuza, Zakhele Dennis
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: Inclusive education
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26219 , vital:64974
- Description: The study explored the implemention of inclusive education in primary schools in the uMgungundlovu area, in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Locally and globally, the notion of inclusive education has presented various difficulties relating to the understanding stakeholders have of inclusive education and also in terms of embracing it and implementing it in schools. Stakeholders in South Africa have experienced similar challenges regarding a clear and common understanding of inclusive education and ensuring effective implementation. Despite various reforms adopted by the South African government, learners experiencing barriers to learning have persistently suffered inadequate access to quality education and equal learning opportunities. The reviewed literature has highlighted numerous challenges that have constrained effective implementation of inclusive education in South African schools. The reviewed literature also indicated that some teachers had negative attitudes towards inclusive education, and that such attitudes were linked to the lack of clear understanding of what inclusive education was about. At the core of this study is the fact that very little is known in South Africa about the implementation of inclusive education. Therefore, this study sought to unravel how chools implement inclusive education and, in that process, contribute to a deeper understanding of this phenomenon. The study utilised the Theory of Planned Behaviour as a theoretical framework and inclusive pedagogy as a conceptual framework to explore the implementation of inclusive education in four study schools. A qualitative approach underpinned by an interpretive research paradigm was adopted. Purposive sampling techniques were used to select twenty educators, four learners experiencing barriers to learning and four parents of learners experiencing barriers to learning to participate in this study. Four techniques were used to produce qualitative data, namely, semi-structured interviews, observations, documents’ review, and focus group discussions. Semi-structured interviews with educators and learners experiencing barriers to learning were utilised to generate data in the four selected primary schools. In addition to semi structured interviews, learners were also observed during lessons. Relevant documents kept in the schools were also reviewed to augment data generated through interviews. Focus group discussions were held with four parents of the learners experiencing barriers to learning. Data were analysed employing qualitative content analysis to come up with themes. The findings revealed that there was no common understanding amongst the teachers about what constituted inclusive education. Most educators understood inclusive education as referring to accommodating all learners in the classroom to reach their potential. These educators would help all learners, including those with barriers to learning thus contributing to the implementation of inclusive education in their schools. However, the findings also revealed that some educators understood inclusive education as referring to a situation where all learners received quality education, but those with barriers to learning being accommodated in special schools or special classrooms separate from their counterparts. The findings indicated that there was a lack of knowledge about inclusive education and such a lack contributed to misunderstandings about the essence of inclusive education. In addition, teachers lacked skills in dealing with learners experiencing barriers to learning, resulting in inefficient and ineffective implementation of inclusive education. It was evident from the findings that the curriculum was inflexible and the teachers lacked capacity to customise the content to the needs of all the learners, especially those experiencing learning barriers. Therefore, for teachers to implement inclusive education, it was necessary that content had to be flexible to meet the educational needs of all learners. The findings further revealed that using various teaching methods, such as visual objects and demonstrations was helpful in adapting the rigid curriculum and making it user friendly for learners experiencing barriers to learning. In addition, the research findings revealed that group work and peer learning assisted educators to implement inclusive education. Research findings also revealed that implementing inclusive education was hindered by various systematic factors, such as lack of parental support, overcrowding in classrooms, and socioeconomic challenges. I concluded that there is a remarkable knowledge deficit that can be addressed by training, including pre-service and ongoing professional development activities for teachers. I can also conclude that based on the findings educators require training on inclusive education, beginning with teachers currently in the system. The training can then be included in the curriculum of pre-service educators so that they can obtain a clear understanding of inclusive education and thus develop positive attitudes towards inclusive education. Similarly, school management teams require training on their own so that they can be able to provide adequate and effective support to the teachers in the classrooms. Another recommendation is that educators should be capacitated and developed in inclusive education to enhance their confidence in delivering the curriculum and to handle learners experiencing barriers to learning. Similarly, it is recommended that there be a collaboration between schools, homes, and other stakeholders to assist learners experiencing barriers to learning on their education journey, thus effectively implementing inclusive education in schools. Finally, a model for the improvement of inclusive education is proposed. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
Pills, Politics and Partners: NGOs and the Management of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Eastern Cape, with special reference to the Lusikisiki Project, 2004-2014
- Authors: Govere, Fredrick Murambiwa
- Date: 2014-06
- Subjects: Non-governmental organizations -- South Africa -- Management , AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention , HIV-positive persons -- Services for -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25720 , vital:64473
- Description: South Africa is one of the few countries in sub-Saharan Africa where HIV prevalence rates remain stubbornly high.1 This trend is both concerning and difficult to explain given that South Africa is economically well-resourced with a better health care infrastructure relative to other African countries. The African National Congress identified the HIV/AIDS epidemic as a major public health threat to South Africa as early as the 1990s (Parikh and Whiteside, 2007; Gevisser, 2007). In response, international donors provided a substantial amount of financial resources to support improvements in South Africa’s health care infrastructure. The persistently high rates of HIV/AIDS in the population beg for answers to questions such as why South Africa’s political leadership has been unable to control the spread of the disease and what particular social, behavioural and economic factors have contributed to South Africa’s disproportionate share of the global HIV/AIDS burden. At this point in time, public health experts still have not been able to definitively isolate the factors that explain the severity of the HIV/AIDS disease burden within South Africa’s population. While international donor aid continues to play a central role in the social, economic and health betterment in developing nations, its political impact on local governance structures has been much debated.2 In particular, the roles played by non-government organisations (NGOs) in the fight against HIV/AIDS in South Africa have been found to be complex, controversial, and their lasting value contested. Specifically debated is the disproportionate global investment in HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment in South Africa and the ways in which it has shaped intervention strategies, public and private policy, and the governance roles assumed by various national and local governmental agencies. Despite the threat of diminished financial support from international donor agencies that has loomed heavily over recipient countries in recent years, a number of key international donors have actually scaled up their global response to HIV/AIDS, particularly in South Africa.3 These donor agencies include the U.S. government’s Presidential Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the Global Fund, as well as non-profit humanitarian organisations such as Mèdecins Sans Frontiéres (MSF), commonly known as Doctors without Borders. This study aims to critically examine the prevailing intervention strategy used by these international donors to “push the pill;” that is, to push a public health agenda that holds antiretroviral (ARV) therapy as the preeminent solution to fighting the HIV/AIDS epidemic at the expense of other intervention strategies. While a biomedical approach remains the most compelling intervention strategy, the fight against HIV/AIDS needs to be more comprehensive in its scope taking into account local knowledge and culture. This study will discuss how political rhetoric delivered through the media and monitoring, evaluation, and reporting systems has been used to embed a biomedical pill agenda into the organizational culture and intervention strategies implemented by local community-based organizations. Through a process of strategic translation, HIV/AIDS has been portrayed as the number one health problem facing South Africa today; in fact, across all of Sub-Saharan Africa (World Health Organisation 2005a, 2005b). As such, the magnitude of the HIV/AIDS epidemic has justified the focus on making ARV drugs available throughout Sub-Saharan Africa at the expense of other interventions that could aim more precisely at the key social and health problems faced by the South African population which compromise health and well-being. The question about whose interests are donors and donor-funded agencies representing, and what are the intended and unintended consequences that result from these interests is the subject of this study. The study will attempt to shed light on these questions through a critical examination of the widely publicized HIV/AIDS intervention programme, the Lusikisiki Project, located in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. I have drawn extensively from the development discourse literature and such scholars as Ferguson, 1990; Escobar, 1994 and 1995; Rist, 1997; and Mosse, 2005, to provide theoretical grounding for answering the questions posed.4 The study will critically analyse the social and political factors that defined this reputedly successful HIV/AIDS intervention project. Further, the study wil elucidate other cultural and behavioural factors that shaped the initiative in its battle against HIV/AIDS. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-06
- Authors: Govere, Fredrick Murambiwa
- Date: 2014-06
- Subjects: Non-governmental organizations -- South Africa -- Management , AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention , HIV-positive persons -- Services for -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25720 , vital:64473
- Description: South Africa is one of the few countries in sub-Saharan Africa where HIV prevalence rates remain stubbornly high.1 This trend is both concerning and difficult to explain given that South Africa is economically well-resourced with a better health care infrastructure relative to other African countries. The African National Congress identified the HIV/AIDS epidemic as a major public health threat to South Africa as early as the 1990s (Parikh and Whiteside, 2007; Gevisser, 2007). In response, international donors provided a substantial amount of financial resources to support improvements in South Africa’s health care infrastructure. The persistently high rates of HIV/AIDS in the population beg for answers to questions such as why South Africa’s political leadership has been unable to control the spread of the disease and what particular social, behavioural and economic factors have contributed to South Africa’s disproportionate share of the global HIV/AIDS burden. At this point in time, public health experts still have not been able to definitively isolate the factors that explain the severity of the HIV/AIDS disease burden within South Africa’s population. While international donor aid continues to play a central role in the social, economic and health betterment in developing nations, its political impact on local governance structures has been much debated.2 In particular, the roles played by non-government organisations (NGOs) in the fight against HIV/AIDS in South Africa have been found to be complex, controversial, and their lasting value contested. Specifically debated is the disproportionate global investment in HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment in South Africa and the ways in which it has shaped intervention strategies, public and private policy, and the governance roles assumed by various national and local governmental agencies. Despite the threat of diminished financial support from international donor agencies that has loomed heavily over recipient countries in recent years, a number of key international donors have actually scaled up their global response to HIV/AIDS, particularly in South Africa.3 These donor agencies include the U.S. government’s Presidential Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the Global Fund, as well as non-profit humanitarian organisations such as Mèdecins Sans Frontiéres (MSF), commonly known as Doctors without Borders. This study aims to critically examine the prevailing intervention strategy used by these international donors to “push the pill;” that is, to push a public health agenda that holds antiretroviral (ARV) therapy as the preeminent solution to fighting the HIV/AIDS epidemic at the expense of other intervention strategies. While a biomedical approach remains the most compelling intervention strategy, the fight against HIV/AIDS needs to be more comprehensive in its scope taking into account local knowledge and culture. This study will discuss how political rhetoric delivered through the media and monitoring, evaluation, and reporting systems has been used to embed a biomedical pill agenda into the organizational culture and intervention strategies implemented by local community-based organizations. Through a process of strategic translation, HIV/AIDS has been portrayed as the number one health problem facing South Africa today; in fact, across all of Sub-Saharan Africa (World Health Organisation 2005a, 2005b). As such, the magnitude of the HIV/AIDS epidemic has justified the focus on making ARV drugs available throughout Sub-Saharan Africa at the expense of other interventions that could aim more precisely at the key social and health problems faced by the South African population which compromise health and well-being. The question about whose interests are donors and donor-funded agencies representing, and what are the intended and unintended consequences that result from these interests is the subject of this study. The study will attempt to shed light on these questions through a critical examination of the widely publicized HIV/AIDS intervention programme, the Lusikisiki Project, located in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. I have drawn extensively from the development discourse literature and such scholars as Ferguson, 1990; Escobar, 1994 and 1995; Rist, 1997; and Mosse, 2005, to provide theoretical grounding for answering the questions posed.4 The study will critically analyse the social and political factors that defined this reputedly successful HIV/AIDS intervention project. Further, the study wil elucidate other cultural and behavioural factors that shaped the initiative in its battle against HIV/AIDS. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-06
Evaluation of bacteria laccase hybrid biosensor and application in the detection of phenolic contaminants in water
- Edoamodu, Chiedu Epiphany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-3955
- Authors: Edoamodu, Chiedu Epiphany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-3955
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Laccase , Water -- Purification
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22820 , vital:52802
- Description: The continuous outpour of aromatic pollutants in diverse groups, emanating from the industrial and domestic system due to population density, industrialisation and technological advancement is alarming. The increasing strength in wastewater discharge constitutes the main cause of the natural water pollution load, causing scarcity of potable water for consumption with an increasing health challenge. The physiochemical treatment approach has faced a series of limitations with little or no success. Hindrance to wastewater management can cause a point source contamination problem that might increase treatment cost and release a broad range of chemical contaminants in the environment. Hence, green, eco-friendly and cost-effective tools are imperative. The application of laccase has received much attention in bioremediation and bioprocessing matters owing to the oxidising capacity of a wide range of substrates. The process requires available molecular oxygen for its activation, releasing water as a by-product thus, establishing this research. This study was devised to examine the bioprocessing potentials of hybrid and amalgamated laccases extracted from the diverse environmental milieu of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Bacteria producing laccase were isolated from marine sediment, cow dung, and wastewater samples via selective enrichment with some aromatic compounds. The axenic cultures were screened for laccase activity on various phenolic and non-phenolic substrates. The isolates were identified via molecular techniques and they belonged to the gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli classes under the following genera, Enterobacter and Bacillus. They were deposited in the NCBI database as Enterobacter asburiae ES1, Enterobacter sp. Kamsi, Enterobacter sp. AI1, and Bacillus sp. NU2 with the assigned accession number MN686602, MN686603, MN686605, MN686607, respectively. Optimisation of the laccase production via one factor at a time technique (OFAT) from the four bacteria species showed more enzyme yield in all lignocellulosic agro-waste media. However, wheat bran and mandarin peel maximally enhanced laccase production. In addition, xylose, galactose, fructose, and sorbitol were the best carbon sources utilised while (NH₄)₂SO8, KNO3 and NaNO3 were noted as the best nitrogen sources employed. Laccase yields were increased at pH 4 and 5, at temperatures 45 and 55 o C, and at 50 and 100 rpm, and precisely, at day eight of the incubation period. Further purification of the crude laccase yielded a purification fold of 4.18, 4.39, 2.78, 8.11, and the SDS-PAGE analysis showed a molecular size of 90, 55, 75 and 50 kDa for ES1, Kamsi, AI1, and NU2 laccases, respectively. The characterised purified laccase demonstrated polyextremotolerant potentials. The laccases were active through a wide temperature regime (30-90 o C) with maximum activity at 50 o C (ES1/AI1 and Kamsi/NU2) 60 o C (AI1), 70 o C (ES1, Kamsi, NU2); and were stable at 60 o C (ES1, AI1, NU2), 70 o C (ES1/AI1), 80 o C (Kamsi and Kamsi/NU2). Also, the laccases remained active through pH 3 - 8 and optimal at pH 4 (AI1, NU2), pH 5 (Kamsi, ES1/AI1), pH 7 (ES1), pH 8 (Kamsi/NU2), and the individual stability was measured at pH 4 (Kamsi, NU2), pH 5 (AI1), pH 6 (ES1), pH 7 (Kamsi/NU2), pH 10 (ES1/AI1). The purified laccases were either enhanced or left unchanged by a variable concentration of metallic salts, inhibitors, chelating agents and organic solvents. Clearly, the activities of the laccase were enhanced when pre-incubated with 1, 3, and 6 mm of CuCl2, FeCl3, MgCl2, ZnCl2 and AgCl, and 1, 2, 3 mm of Triton x-100, PMSF, EDTA, Tween 20, and NaCl. Additionally, 20, 30, and 10 percent v/v of acetone and DMSO were prominent organic solvents that also stimulated both the hybrid and amalgamated laccase activity. The gene of the purified laccases targeted showed a clear band size of 690 bp for the Enterobacter species laccases and 775 bp for the laccase from Bacillus sp. The protein sequence was deposited in NCBI database with the assigned accession numbers, MW251989, MW25990, MW251992, and MW251994 for ES1, Kamsi, AI1, and NU2 laccases, respectively. The optimised pH and temperature parameter examined on the decolourising potential of the bacteria laccases showed an effective dye removal on the five synthetic dyes (Congo Red (CR), Methyl Orange (MO), Malachite Green (MG), Reactive Blue 4 (RB4), Ramazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR)) applied. The purified laccases were successfully immobilised in Na-alginate with cca. 88.49, 70.91, 76.04, 76.13, 90.07, and 91.99 laccase yield for the hybrid (ES1, ES1, Kamsi, AI1, NU2) and amalgamated (ES1/AI1 and Kamsi/NU2) laccases. The immobilised laccases were able to retain an average activity of 32 – 52 percent after eight dye decolourising cycles, exhibiting strong catalytic activity than the free laccases. Nonetheless, no significant difference was examined between the hybrid and amalgamated laccase activity. Also, the immobilised laccases were shown to be more efficient in biotechnological application than the free laccases. The result suggests that immobilising an enzyme in a carrier matrix served effectively as the remediation approach than the hybrid and the amalgamation of the free enzymes. Also, the application of lignocellulosic waste served as a cheaper substrate for commercial production of laccase and could help s in promoting es the biotechnology application and the bioeconomy. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
- Authors: Edoamodu, Chiedu Epiphany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-3955
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Laccase , Water -- Purification
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22820 , vital:52802
- Description: The continuous outpour of aromatic pollutants in diverse groups, emanating from the industrial and domestic system due to population density, industrialisation and technological advancement is alarming. The increasing strength in wastewater discharge constitutes the main cause of the natural water pollution load, causing scarcity of potable water for consumption with an increasing health challenge. The physiochemical treatment approach has faced a series of limitations with little or no success. Hindrance to wastewater management can cause a point source contamination problem that might increase treatment cost and release a broad range of chemical contaminants in the environment. Hence, green, eco-friendly and cost-effective tools are imperative. The application of laccase has received much attention in bioremediation and bioprocessing matters owing to the oxidising capacity of a wide range of substrates. The process requires available molecular oxygen for its activation, releasing water as a by-product thus, establishing this research. This study was devised to examine the bioprocessing potentials of hybrid and amalgamated laccases extracted from the diverse environmental milieu of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Bacteria producing laccase were isolated from marine sediment, cow dung, and wastewater samples via selective enrichment with some aromatic compounds. The axenic cultures were screened for laccase activity on various phenolic and non-phenolic substrates. The isolates were identified via molecular techniques and they belonged to the gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli classes under the following genera, Enterobacter and Bacillus. They were deposited in the NCBI database as Enterobacter asburiae ES1, Enterobacter sp. Kamsi, Enterobacter sp. AI1, and Bacillus sp. NU2 with the assigned accession number MN686602, MN686603, MN686605, MN686607, respectively. Optimisation of the laccase production via one factor at a time technique (OFAT) from the four bacteria species showed more enzyme yield in all lignocellulosic agro-waste media. However, wheat bran and mandarin peel maximally enhanced laccase production. In addition, xylose, galactose, fructose, and sorbitol were the best carbon sources utilised while (NH₄)₂SO8, KNO3 and NaNO3 were noted as the best nitrogen sources employed. Laccase yields were increased at pH 4 and 5, at temperatures 45 and 55 o C, and at 50 and 100 rpm, and precisely, at day eight of the incubation period. Further purification of the crude laccase yielded a purification fold of 4.18, 4.39, 2.78, 8.11, and the SDS-PAGE analysis showed a molecular size of 90, 55, 75 and 50 kDa for ES1, Kamsi, AI1, and NU2 laccases, respectively. The characterised purified laccase demonstrated polyextremotolerant potentials. The laccases were active through a wide temperature regime (30-90 o C) with maximum activity at 50 o C (ES1/AI1 and Kamsi/NU2) 60 o C (AI1), 70 o C (ES1, Kamsi, NU2); and were stable at 60 o C (ES1, AI1, NU2), 70 o C (ES1/AI1), 80 o C (Kamsi and Kamsi/NU2). Also, the laccases remained active through pH 3 - 8 and optimal at pH 4 (AI1, NU2), pH 5 (Kamsi, ES1/AI1), pH 7 (ES1), pH 8 (Kamsi/NU2), and the individual stability was measured at pH 4 (Kamsi, NU2), pH 5 (AI1), pH 6 (ES1), pH 7 (Kamsi/NU2), pH 10 (ES1/AI1). The purified laccases were either enhanced or left unchanged by a variable concentration of metallic salts, inhibitors, chelating agents and organic solvents. Clearly, the activities of the laccase were enhanced when pre-incubated with 1, 3, and 6 mm of CuCl2, FeCl3, MgCl2, ZnCl2 and AgCl, and 1, 2, 3 mm of Triton x-100, PMSF, EDTA, Tween 20, and NaCl. Additionally, 20, 30, and 10 percent v/v of acetone and DMSO were prominent organic solvents that also stimulated both the hybrid and amalgamated laccase activity. The gene of the purified laccases targeted showed a clear band size of 690 bp for the Enterobacter species laccases and 775 bp for the laccase from Bacillus sp. The protein sequence was deposited in NCBI database with the assigned accession numbers, MW251989, MW25990, MW251992, and MW251994 for ES1, Kamsi, AI1, and NU2 laccases, respectively. The optimised pH and temperature parameter examined on the decolourising potential of the bacteria laccases showed an effective dye removal on the five synthetic dyes (Congo Red (CR), Methyl Orange (MO), Malachite Green (MG), Reactive Blue 4 (RB4), Ramazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR)) applied. The purified laccases were successfully immobilised in Na-alginate with cca. 88.49, 70.91, 76.04, 76.13, 90.07, and 91.99 laccase yield for the hybrid (ES1, ES1, Kamsi, AI1, NU2) and amalgamated (ES1/AI1 and Kamsi/NU2) laccases. The immobilised laccases were able to retain an average activity of 32 – 52 percent after eight dye decolourising cycles, exhibiting strong catalytic activity than the free laccases. Nonetheless, no significant difference was examined between the hybrid and amalgamated laccase activity. Also, the immobilised laccases were shown to be more efficient in biotechnological application than the free laccases. The result suggests that immobilising an enzyme in a carrier matrix served effectively as the remediation approach than the hybrid and the amalgamation of the free enzymes. Also, the application of lignocellulosic waste served as a cheaper substrate for commercial production of laccase and could help s in promoting es the biotechnology application and the bioeconomy. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
A study of the implementation of public policy to increase participation in recreation sports in Lagos state: Nigeria
- Setonji, Noel Adeoye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2101-8037
- Authors: Setonji, Noel Adeoye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2101-8037
- Date: 2013-04
- Subjects: Public administration
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24035 , vital:62301
- Description: The study investigated the extent to which implementation of the current public policy had improved recreation sport services and participation in Lagos metropolis of Lagos State-Nigeria. The study was delimited to 14 out of 16 Local Governments in Lagos metropolis. The study participants were 650 (334 males and 316 females) selected from 14 Local Governments in Lagos metropolis. Stratified random sampling technique was applied to get the volunteered metropolitan Lagos Local Government staff participants used for the study. Mixed research approaches involving quantitative and qualitative data collection were employed to carry out the study. Pilot study was carried out and reliability of each instrument was established with Cronbach’s alpha and test-re-test after an interval of two weeks. The reliability coefficients based on Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation were PRSPIQ (0.89), PRSPIBQ (0.87), RSFQ (0.79), and EPIMCEQ (0.85). The quantitative data collected were entered into Microsoft Excel 2007 Software and later exported to SPSS 18.0 statistical package for data analysis. Simple frequencies of responses in % and factor analysis were used in analysing the data collected, while Chi-square test of goodness-of-fit was used to test all the four hypotheses. The interview data collected were analysed using inductive method. All the hypotheses were pitched at 0.05 confidence level. Results of the study revealed that: implementation of the current public policy had not significantly improved recreation sport services and participation in Lagos metropolis: x2 (4, N = 650) = 395000, p<.0001, was significant at p<0.05); Barriers had affected effective implementation of the current public recreation sports policy in Lagos metropolis: x2 (4, N = 650) = 38.6000, p<.0001, was significant at p<0.05); implementation of the current public policy had not improved recreation sport facilities and safe recreation environments in Lagos metropolis: x2 (4, N = 650) = 33.3000, p<.0001, was significant at p<0.05; implementation of the current public policy had not effectively enhanced management competencies of recreation sport officers in Lagos metropolis: x2 (4, N = 650) = 64.3000, p<.0001, was significant at p<0.05. The conclusions drawn from the findings of the study include: the current public policy had not significantly improved recreation sport services in Lagos metropolis. Specifically, the study found that: the current policy had not done enough to enhance increased participation in recreation sport activities in Lagos metropolis; barriers had affected effective implementation of the current public recreation sports policy in Lagos metropolis; the public policy had not done enough to improve recreation sport facilities and safe recreation environments in most parts of Lagos metropolis; and the current public policy had not effectively enhanced management competencies of public recreation sport officers in Lagos metropolis. The study findings had it too that to effectively implement public recreation sports policy in Lagos metropolis, stakeholders should be adequately involved in the implementation activities. Based on the study findings, the study among others recommends that the State Government should be: proactive to update the content of the current public policy on recreation sports as the needs of the users are increasingly changing over time; Government agents, private organizations, recreation sport professionals and community stakeholders should be actively involved in the implementation processes to forestall any barriers; more recreation facility pools in safe and conducive environments should be provided and assessable to increase participation in recreation sports by the people of Lagos metropolis; and the public policy should be effectively implemented to enhance management competencies of public recreation sport managers in Lagos metropolis. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-04
- Authors: Setonji, Noel Adeoye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2101-8037
- Date: 2013-04
- Subjects: Public administration
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24035 , vital:62301
- Description: The study investigated the extent to which implementation of the current public policy had improved recreation sport services and participation in Lagos metropolis of Lagos State-Nigeria. The study was delimited to 14 out of 16 Local Governments in Lagos metropolis. The study participants were 650 (334 males and 316 females) selected from 14 Local Governments in Lagos metropolis. Stratified random sampling technique was applied to get the volunteered metropolitan Lagos Local Government staff participants used for the study. Mixed research approaches involving quantitative and qualitative data collection were employed to carry out the study. Pilot study was carried out and reliability of each instrument was established with Cronbach’s alpha and test-re-test after an interval of two weeks. The reliability coefficients based on Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation were PRSPIQ (0.89), PRSPIBQ (0.87), RSFQ (0.79), and EPIMCEQ (0.85). The quantitative data collected were entered into Microsoft Excel 2007 Software and later exported to SPSS 18.0 statistical package for data analysis. Simple frequencies of responses in % and factor analysis were used in analysing the data collected, while Chi-square test of goodness-of-fit was used to test all the four hypotheses. The interview data collected were analysed using inductive method. All the hypotheses were pitched at 0.05 confidence level. Results of the study revealed that: implementation of the current public policy had not significantly improved recreation sport services and participation in Lagos metropolis: x2 (4, N = 650) = 395000, p<.0001, was significant at p<0.05); Barriers had affected effective implementation of the current public recreation sports policy in Lagos metropolis: x2 (4, N = 650) = 38.6000, p<.0001, was significant at p<0.05); implementation of the current public policy had not improved recreation sport facilities and safe recreation environments in Lagos metropolis: x2 (4, N = 650) = 33.3000, p<.0001, was significant at p<0.05; implementation of the current public policy had not effectively enhanced management competencies of recreation sport officers in Lagos metropolis: x2 (4, N = 650) = 64.3000, p<.0001, was significant at p<0.05. The conclusions drawn from the findings of the study include: the current public policy had not significantly improved recreation sport services in Lagos metropolis. Specifically, the study found that: the current policy had not done enough to enhance increased participation in recreation sport activities in Lagos metropolis; barriers had affected effective implementation of the current public recreation sports policy in Lagos metropolis; the public policy had not done enough to improve recreation sport facilities and safe recreation environments in most parts of Lagos metropolis; and the current public policy had not effectively enhanced management competencies of public recreation sport officers in Lagos metropolis. The study findings had it too that to effectively implement public recreation sports policy in Lagos metropolis, stakeholders should be adequately involved in the implementation activities. Based on the study findings, the study among others recommends that the State Government should be: proactive to update the content of the current public policy on recreation sports as the needs of the users are increasingly changing over time; Government agents, private organizations, recreation sport professionals and community stakeholders should be actively involved in the implementation processes to forestall any barriers; more recreation facility pools in safe and conducive environments should be provided and assessable to increase participation in recreation sports by the people of Lagos metropolis; and the public policy should be effectively implemented to enhance management competencies of public recreation sport managers in Lagos metropolis. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-04
Mitigating salt accumulation in recycled brewery effluent through the integration of water treatment, agriculture and aquaculture
- Authors: Mabasa, Nyiko Charity
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Brewery waste South Africa Eastern Cape , Recycling (Waste, etc.) South Africa Eastern Cape , Water reuse South Africa Eastern Cape , Irrigation South Africa Eastern Cape , Sewage Purification Anaerobic treatment , Constructed wetlands , Aquaculture
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191126 , vital:45063 , 10.21504/10962/191126
- Description: Water scarcity in South Africa, and globally, presents challenges for industries. It is imperative to develop responsible water use, such as recycling and reusing wastewater from food processing industries such as breweries. The Ibhayi Brewery (SAB Ltd) employs a combination of sustainable treatment processes that include anaerobic digestion (AD), primary facultative ponds (PFP), high rate algal ponds (HRAP) and constructed wetlands (CW) to treat brewery effluent on an experimental scale. The constituent concentrations of these experimentally treated effluents are within the ranges prescribed by local regulations to allow for potential downstream use in agriculture and aquaculture. However, the sodium content in this treated effluent, which originates from upstream cleaning agents and pH control at the onsite effluent treatment facility, is a constraint to the downstream use of brewery effluent. This study addresses the salt problem, by investigating the potential of either reducing/eliminating salt addition at source, or developing alternative techniques for downstream agriculture to mitigate the effects of salt accumulation caused by irrigation with brewery effluent. Four salt-tolerant test crops; Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris), saltbush (Atriplex nummularia), Salicornia meyeriana and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), grew efficiently in brewery effluent irrigated soils but did not stop sodium accumulation in the growth medium. Swiss chard had the best growth with a wet biomass accumulation of 8,173 g m-2, due to the plant’s ability to tolerate saline conditions and continuous cropping. Crop rotation, to limit effects of nutrient depletion in soil, had no significant effect on plant growth suggesting soils were adequately able to provide micro-nutrients in the short-term. Prolonged irrigation with brewery effluent can lead to sodium accumulation in the soil, which was successfully controlled through the addition of soil amendments (gypsum and Trichoderma cultures). These reduced soil sodium from a potentially limiting level of 1,398 mg L-1 to the acceptable levels of 240 mg L-1 and 353 mg L-1 respectively, mainly through leaching. However only Trichoderma improved Swiss chard production to 11,238 g m-2. While crop rotation in this work did not contribute to mitigating the problem of salt accumulation, soil amended with Trichoderma appears to be a potential solution when brewery effluent is reused in agriculture. In an alternative to soil cultivation, CWs were trialled with no significant differences in the sodium concentration of brewery effluent treated along a 15 m lateral flow CW, which could be attributed to evapotranspiration. This was notably accompanied by a desirable 95.21% decrease in ammonia from inlet to outlet resulting in significant improvement in water quality for reuse in aquaculture where ammonia levels are important limiting constraints. While CWs remain a suitable brewery effluent treatment solution, this technology requires additional modelling and optimisation in order to mitigate the problem of salt accumulation in the reuse of treated brewery effluent in agriculture and aquaculture. This research demonstrates the baseline information for such modelling and optimisation. African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) grew in CW treated brewery effluent; however, this growth was moderate at 0.92% bw day-1, whereas Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) were shown to be unsuited to growth in this system and lost weight with an average specific growth rate (SGR) of -0.98% bw day-1; and both fish species presenting with health related concerns. Hardy fish species such as African catfish can be cultured in brewery effluent, but with risk involved. This was a preliminary study to develop parameters for future dimensional analysis modelling to allow optimisation of the CW, based on nutrient removal rates obtained which will allow for improved downstream aquaculture by reducing or eliminating risks presented in this study. This work has also contributed to a foundation for the development of guidelines that use a risk-based approach for water use in aquaculture. Alternatives to the current in place cleaning agents were considered to mitigate the effects of salt accumulation. Sodium is introduced into the effluent via the use of sodium hydroxide and sodium chlorite for cleaning and disinfection in the brewery, as well as through effluent pH adjustment in the AD plant. The widespread use of outdated legacy cleaning systems and pH adjustment regimes is entrenched in the brewery standard operating procedures (SOP). A cost-benefit analysis (CBA) demonstrated that a change of cleaning and disinfecting regimes to hydrogen peroxide in the brewery, and magnesium hydroxide pH adjustment in the effluent treatment plant addresses the sodium issue upstream in the brewery practically eliminating sodium from the effluent. In addition, a life cycle analysis (LCA) was carried out to assess the environmental impacts associated with the alternative cleaning and pH adjustment scenarios. The LCA showed that electricity consumption during use phase of the chemicals for respective purposes, as well as their production activities were major contributors to the significant environmental impact categories that were assessed. The cleaning scenario employing the use of hydrogen peroxide for both cleaning and disinfection was found to be the most environmentally sustainable. This was attributed to the reduced number of chemicals used compared to the other cleaning scenarios. Dolomitic lime was the pH adjustment alternative with the lowest average environmental impact; but, however, had a higher impact on freshwater eutrophication which is of major concern if the effluent will be reused for irrigation. Magnesium hydroxide was therefore considered to be the better option as a sodium hydroxide alternative for pH adjustment. This mitigates salt accumulation, making treated brewery effluent suitable for reuse in high value downstream agriculture and aquaculture, while employing more environmentally sustainable technologies. Notably, this converts brewery effluent from a financial liability to Ibhayi Brewery, into a product containing water and nutrients that generate income, improve food security, and can create employment in downstream agriculture and aquaculture in a sustainable manner. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
- Authors: Mabasa, Nyiko Charity
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Brewery waste South Africa Eastern Cape , Recycling (Waste, etc.) South Africa Eastern Cape , Water reuse South Africa Eastern Cape , Irrigation South Africa Eastern Cape , Sewage Purification Anaerobic treatment , Constructed wetlands , Aquaculture
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191126 , vital:45063 , 10.21504/10962/191126
- Description: Water scarcity in South Africa, and globally, presents challenges for industries. It is imperative to develop responsible water use, such as recycling and reusing wastewater from food processing industries such as breweries. The Ibhayi Brewery (SAB Ltd) employs a combination of sustainable treatment processes that include anaerobic digestion (AD), primary facultative ponds (PFP), high rate algal ponds (HRAP) and constructed wetlands (CW) to treat brewery effluent on an experimental scale. The constituent concentrations of these experimentally treated effluents are within the ranges prescribed by local regulations to allow for potential downstream use in agriculture and aquaculture. However, the sodium content in this treated effluent, which originates from upstream cleaning agents and pH control at the onsite effluent treatment facility, is a constraint to the downstream use of brewery effluent. This study addresses the salt problem, by investigating the potential of either reducing/eliminating salt addition at source, or developing alternative techniques for downstream agriculture to mitigate the effects of salt accumulation caused by irrigation with brewery effluent. Four salt-tolerant test crops; Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris), saltbush (Atriplex nummularia), Salicornia meyeriana and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), grew efficiently in brewery effluent irrigated soils but did not stop sodium accumulation in the growth medium. Swiss chard had the best growth with a wet biomass accumulation of 8,173 g m-2, due to the plant’s ability to tolerate saline conditions and continuous cropping. Crop rotation, to limit effects of nutrient depletion in soil, had no significant effect on plant growth suggesting soils were adequately able to provide micro-nutrients in the short-term. Prolonged irrigation with brewery effluent can lead to sodium accumulation in the soil, which was successfully controlled through the addition of soil amendments (gypsum and Trichoderma cultures). These reduced soil sodium from a potentially limiting level of 1,398 mg L-1 to the acceptable levels of 240 mg L-1 and 353 mg L-1 respectively, mainly through leaching. However only Trichoderma improved Swiss chard production to 11,238 g m-2. While crop rotation in this work did not contribute to mitigating the problem of salt accumulation, soil amended with Trichoderma appears to be a potential solution when brewery effluent is reused in agriculture. In an alternative to soil cultivation, CWs were trialled with no significant differences in the sodium concentration of brewery effluent treated along a 15 m lateral flow CW, which could be attributed to evapotranspiration. This was notably accompanied by a desirable 95.21% decrease in ammonia from inlet to outlet resulting in significant improvement in water quality for reuse in aquaculture where ammonia levels are important limiting constraints. While CWs remain a suitable brewery effluent treatment solution, this technology requires additional modelling and optimisation in order to mitigate the problem of salt accumulation in the reuse of treated brewery effluent in agriculture and aquaculture. This research demonstrates the baseline information for such modelling and optimisation. African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) grew in CW treated brewery effluent; however, this growth was moderate at 0.92% bw day-1, whereas Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) were shown to be unsuited to growth in this system and lost weight with an average specific growth rate (SGR) of -0.98% bw day-1; and both fish species presenting with health related concerns. Hardy fish species such as African catfish can be cultured in brewery effluent, but with risk involved. This was a preliminary study to develop parameters for future dimensional analysis modelling to allow optimisation of the CW, based on nutrient removal rates obtained which will allow for improved downstream aquaculture by reducing or eliminating risks presented in this study. This work has also contributed to a foundation for the development of guidelines that use a risk-based approach for water use in aquaculture. Alternatives to the current in place cleaning agents were considered to mitigate the effects of salt accumulation. Sodium is introduced into the effluent via the use of sodium hydroxide and sodium chlorite for cleaning and disinfection in the brewery, as well as through effluent pH adjustment in the AD plant. The widespread use of outdated legacy cleaning systems and pH adjustment regimes is entrenched in the brewery standard operating procedures (SOP). A cost-benefit analysis (CBA) demonstrated that a change of cleaning and disinfecting regimes to hydrogen peroxide in the brewery, and magnesium hydroxide pH adjustment in the effluent treatment plant addresses the sodium issue upstream in the brewery practically eliminating sodium from the effluent. In addition, a life cycle analysis (LCA) was carried out to assess the environmental impacts associated with the alternative cleaning and pH adjustment scenarios. The LCA showed that electricity consumption during use phase of the chemicals for respective purposes, as well as their production activities were major contributors to the significant environmental impact categories that were assessed. The cleaning scenario employing the use of hydrogen peroxide for both cleaning and disinfection was found to be the most environmentally sustainable. This was attributed to the reduced number of chemicals used compared to the other cleaning scenarios. Dolomitic lime was the pH adjustment alternative with the lowest average environmental impact; but, however, had a higher impact on freshwater eutrophication which is of major concern if the effluent will be reused for irrigation. Magnesium hydroxide was therefore considered to be the better option as a sodium hydroxide alternative for pH adjustment. This mitigates salt accumulation, making treated brewery effluent suitable for reuse in high value downstream agriculture and aquaculture, while employing more environmentally sustainable technologies. Notably, this converts brewery effluent from a financial liability to Ibhayi Brewery, into a product containing water and nutrients that generate income, improve food security, and can create employment in downstream agriculture and aquaculture in a sustainable manner. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
Evaluation of teachers perceptions towards the implementation of inclusive education in Quantile 3 schools: A case of four subdistrictsin the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Hlatini-Mpomane, N W
- Date: 2020-05
- Subjects: Inclusive education
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21613 , vital:51710
- Description: This study investigated the perceptions of teachers on inclusive education. Four sub districts in Eastern Cape Province were purposively selected and used as a case study approach. These assisted the researcher to enter the world of teachers (by interviewing SMTs and Office-Based educators/Inclusive Education Specialists). The Inclusive Education Specialist and SMTs ideas, suggestion and recommendations on inclusive education classrooms implementation were explored deeply. The research paradigm which the study adopted was qualitative, which centres on understanding the subjective world of human experiences. The qualitative research approach was adopted whereby interviews, observations of learners and their documents analysis were used to collect data. The findings of the study revealed that the all-Inclusive Education District of the sub-districts is between 9 and 10 years of experience implementing inclusive education instead of 17 years as stipulated in the WP6. It emerged that the involvement of SMTs in monitoring the Individual Support Plan (ISPs) in Public Ordinary School (POS) is not prioritized. There is more emphasis and involvement in Full-Service Schools since 2015. The findings further revealed that the teachers find it difficult to implement ISPs due to overload and overcrowding more especially in POS. All learners were declared as benefiting more when individual teaching is done, which is rare due to overload and overcrowding in both Full Service Schools and Public Service Schools. The study recommends that they should be extensive policy evaluation processes that should be done to measure the effectiveness of the Inclusive Education Policy. The perceptions and experiences of teachers should be captured and be utilized when evaluating the policy. The latter will not be achieved in isolation by teachers only, but with collaboration from learners, parents, community members and the entire education department in the Eastern Cape in line with the Ecological Systems’ theory. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-05
- Authors: Hlatini-Mpomane, N W
- Date: 2020-05
- Subjects: Inclusive education
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21613 , vital:51710
- Description: This study investigated the perceptions of teachers on inclusive education. Four sub districts in Eastern Cape Province were purposively selected and used as a case study approach. These assisted the researcher to enter the world of teachers (by interviewing SMTs and Office-Based educators/Inclusive Education Specialists). The Inclusive Education Specialist and SMTs ideas, suggestion and recommendations on inclusive education classrooms implementation were explored deeply. The research paradigm which the study adopted was qualitative, which centres on understanding the subjective world of human experiences. The qualitative research approach was adopted whereby interviews, observations of learners and their documents analysis were used to collect data. The findings of the study revealed that the all-Inclusive Education District of the sub-districts is between 9 and 10 years of experience implementing inclusive education instead of 17 years as stipulated in the WP6. It emerged that the involvement of SMTs in monitoring the Individual Support Plan (ISPs) in Public Ordinary School (POS) is not prioritized. There is more emphasis and involvement in Full-Service Schools since 2015. The findings further revealed that the teachers find it difficult to implement ISPs due to overload and overcrowding more especially in POS. All learners were declared as benefiting more when individual teaching is done, which is rare due to overload and overcrowding in both Full Service Schools and Public Service Schools. The study recommends that they should be extensive policy evaluation processes that should be done to measure the effectiveness of the Inclusive Education Policy. The perceptions and experiences of teachers should be captured and be utilized when evaluating the policy. The latter will not be achieved in isolation by teachers only, but with collaboration from learners, parents, community members and the entire education department in the Eastern Cape in line with the Ecological Systems’ theory. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-05
Significance of accuracy in the orthographical development of isiXhosa in a post-democratic South Africa
- Authors: Saul, Zandisile W.
- Date: 2013-01
- Subjects: Xhosa language , Xhosa language -- Orthography and spelling , Xhosa language -- Grammar
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23056 , vital:55325
- Description: IsiXhosa language is one of the first languages in sub-Saharan Africa to be reduced into writing. The first written texts in isiXhosa were produced by British missionaries in the Tyhume river valley as early as 1824. In spite of these early developments, there still remain today many inconsistencies and anomalies with regard to the standardization of isiXhosa orthography that require attention. This research focuses on the status quo of the current orthography of isiXhosa which is used in the writing of the selected texts which were published from 2000 to date. The research study investigates how these texts are written, that is, whether they are written according to the principles of the writing of this language as developed by the respective language boards or not. The reason for doing this is that this language has become one of the official languages of the Republic of South Africa. Therefore, in order for it to be read and written without any difficulty by anyone, as it is expected to be used as a medium of instruction even at tertiary level in the future, it should be written accurately and consistently. The study analyses a number of isiXhosa written texts including the following: (1) Selected literary texts which were published from 2000 to date. (2) Selected publications by government departments. (3) Selected translated texts. (4) Some of the newspapers and magazines which are currently in circulation in this language. (5) Some dictionaries of isiXhosa. (6) The updated isiXhosa Orthography as compiled by the PanSALB (2008). The aims of the study are outlined in Chapter 1. This chapter also provides the theoretical framework within which the research is located. Chapter 2 is about the theoretical perspectives on the development of the art of writing and orthography. The historical background, that is, the development of the art of writing and the general as well as the specific requirements of a good orthography are discussed. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 observe and analyse the orthographical features of some written documents of isiXhosa such as writing of capital letters, word division, usage of concords, etc. These three chapters also observe and analyse the various anomalies and inconsistencies in the spelling of isiXhosa words that were identified in the consulted texts. Chapter 6 is devoted to the conclusion and the recommendations. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Social Science and Humanities,2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-01
- Authors: Saul, Zandisile W.
- Date: 2013-01
- Subjects: Xhosa language , Xhosa language -- Orthography and spelling , Xhosa language -- Grammar
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23056 , vital:55325
- Description: IsiXhosa language is one of the first languages in sub-Saharan Africa to be reduced into writing. The first written texts in isiXhosa were produced by British missionaries in the Tyhume river valley as early as 1824. In spite of these early developments, there still remain today many inconsistencies and anomalies with regard to the standardization of isiXhosa orthography that require attention. This research focuses on the status quo of the current orthography of isiXhosa which is used in the writing of the selected texts which were published from 2000 to date. The research study investigates how these texts are written, that is, whether they are written according to the principles of the writing of this language as developed by the respective language boards or not. The reason for doing this is that this language has become one of the official languages of the Republic of South Africa. Therefore, in order for it to be read and written without any difficulty by anyone, as it is expected to be used as a medium of instruction even at tertiary level in the future, it should be written accurately and consistently. The study analyses a number of isiXhosa written texts including the following: (1) Selected literary texts which were published from 2000 to date. (2) Selected publications by government departments. (3) Selected translated texts. (4) Some of the newspapers and magazines which are currently in circulation in this language. (5) Some dictionaries of isiXhosa. (6) The updated isiXhosa Orthography as compiled by the PanSALB (2008). The aims of the study are outlined in Chapter 1. This chapter also provides the theoretical framework within which the research is located. Chapter 2 is about the theoretical perspectives on the development of the art of writing and orthography. The historical background, that is, the development of the art of writing and the general as well as the specific requirements of a good orthography are discussed. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 observe and analyse the orthographical features of some written documents of isiXhosa such as writing of capital letters, word division, usage of concords, etc. These three chapters also observe and analyse the various anomalies and inconsistencies in the spelling of isiXhosa words that were identified in the consulted texts. Chapter 6 is devoted to the conclusion and the recommendations. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Social Science and Humanities,2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-01
A framework for continuing professional development of teachers in regular primary schools: towards the effective teaching of learners with special education needs in Zimbabwe
- Muguwe, Emely https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2156-8642
- Authors: Muguwe, Emely https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2156-8642
- Date: 2015-05
- Subjects: Teachers -- Training of , Teachers -- In-service training.
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24794 , vital:63576
- Description: This study focused on Continuing Professional Development (CPD) needs of teachers in regular primary schools for the effective teaching of learners with special education needs in Zimbabwe. The motivation of the study emerged from concerns raised by stakeholders that teachers were inadequately prepared to teach learners with special education needs in general education classrooms. This study was underpinned by the post-positivistic paradigm which takes on both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study also employed the survey design, which utilised the mixed methods approach. The accessible population comprised 93 primary schools and 1 457 teachers, 93 school heads and all education officers in the Gweru District of Zimbabwe. The researcher used purposive and disproportional random sampling. Ten schools were purposively selected from a population of 93 schools in the Gweru District. One hundred and fifty teachers (10percent of the population) which translated into 15 teachers from each school, were selected from the 10 schools through disproportional stratified random sampling in order to include both male (n=69) and female (n=81) teachers in the study. Semi-structured questionnaires, semi-structured face- to- face interviews and focus group discussions are the data collection methods which were used in this study. Data were presented, analysed and discussed, starting with demographic data in the first section, followed by quantitative data which were presented concurrently with corresponding emerging themes from qualitative data. The data collected via the questionnaires were coded and key-punched for analysis. Data were presented in tables, bar graphs and pie charts. Findings of the study revealed that there is a dire need for knowledge and skills in SEN among teachers in regular schools. Teachers needed to be prepared for a paradigm shift of the inclusive era. Teachers also needed to identify their own needs to ensure that relevant and preferred areas were covered. Findings revealed that teachers preferred well-structured CPD which is facilitated by an expert and CPD held in their own schools, where good practices are shared with workmates. Findings also confirmed the availability of policy circulars in schools, although some teachers expressed that they were not aware of such circulars. There were no specific days allocated specifically for school CPD. Most teachers were not availed with the opportunity to attend out-of-school based workshops; and cascading of information led to dilution of original ideas. There was lack of adequate mentoring among qualified teachers. Teachers preferred the standards-based model for promotion purposes although it was limiting in terms of teachers’ learning. The training model was viewed as a productive way of quickly in-servicing teachers relative to its cost. The communities of practice model and transformative model were not being utilised in schools due to national policies that govern teachers. Findings also revealed that teachers faced major challenges such as funding of CPD, getting information on CPD opportunities and time to engage in CPD activities. Teachers reeled with a lot of pressure resulting in burn-out as a result of large classes. Although staff development meetings were held in schools, they were mostly administrative and nothing definite was being done to mitigate the challenges which teachers were facing in accessing CPD opportunities. Teachers opted for a CPD framework which would give them more information and more opportunities for CPD on SEN, better access to teaching materials and more opportunities to work with experienced practitioners in SEN. Teachers preferred a framework based on a variety of CPD models, more school-based CPD rather than out of school -based CPD. The researcher concluded that teachers in regular schools were not equipped to teach learners with special education needs in the mainstream. The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education was not employing the best models in preparing teachers to be effective. Teachers were facing challenges such as, funding, unavailability of information and time in accessing CPD opportunities. The study recommends that The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education should put in place provisions to meet the CPD needs of teachers. Teachers should be fully involved in the identification of CPD needs. It was also recommends that school heads needed CPD on SEN for them to be able to guide teachers properly and to be supportive of the policy. Besides national policies, schools should design CPD policies specifically for their respective schools, in line with national policies. Andragogy principles, Wenger’s social learning theory and Vygotsky’s perspective among others, should underpin the CPD framework. The study recommends an alternative CPD model which would utilise a combination of transmissive, transitional and transformative models and modes of delivery as lenses in meeting the CPD needs of teachers in the context of SEN. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, 2015
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015-05
- Authors: Muguwe, Emely https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2156-8642
- Date: 2015-05
- Subjects: Teachers -- Training of , Teachers -- In-service training.
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24794 , vital:63576
- Description: This study focused on Continuing Professional Development (CPD) needs of teachers in regular primary schools for the effective teaching of learners with special education needs in Zimbabwe. The motivation of the study emerged from concerns raised by stakeholders that teachers were inadequately prepared to teach learners with special education needs in general education classrooms. This study was underpinned by the post-positivistic paradigm which takes on both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study also employed the survey design, which utilised the mixed methods approach. The accessible population comprised 93 primary schools and 1 457 teachers, 93 school heads and all education officers in the Gweru District of Zimbabwe. The researcher used purposive and disproportional random sampling. Ten schools were purposively selected from a population of 93 schools in the Gweru District. One hundred and fifty teachers (10percent of the population) which translated into 15 teachers from each school, were selected from the 10 schools through disproportional stratified random sampling in order to include both male (n=69) and female (n=81) teachers in the study. Semi-structured questionnaires, semi-structured face- to- face interviews and focus group discussions are the data collection methods which were used in this study. Data were presented, analysed and discussed, starting with demographic data in the first section, followed by quantitative data which were presented concurrently with corresponding emerging themes from qualitative data. The data collected via the questionnaires were coded and key-punched for analysis. Data were presented in tables, bar graphs and pie charts. Findings of the study revealed that there is a dire need for knowledge and skills in SEN among teachers in regular schools. Teachers needed to be prepared for a paradigm shift of the inclusive era. Teachers also needed to identify their own needs to ensure that relevant and preferred areas were covered. Findings revealed that teachers preferred well-structured CPD which is facilitated by an expert and CPD held in their own schools, where good practices are shared with workmates. Findings also confirmed the availability of policy circulars in schools, although some teachers expressed that they were not aware of such circulars. There were no specific days allocated specifically for school CPD. Most teachers were not availed with the opportunity to attend out-of-school based workshops; and cascading of information led to dilution of original ideas. There was lack of adequate mentoring among qualified teachers. Teachers preferred the standards-based model for promotion purposes although it was limiting in terms of teachers’ learning. The training model was viewed as a productive way of quickly in-servicing teachers relative to its cost. The communities of practice model and transformative model were not being utilised in schools due to national policies that govern teachers. Findings also revealed that teachers faced major challenges such as funding of CPD, getting information on CPD opportunities and time to engage in CPD activities. Teachers reeled with a lot of pressure resulting in burn-out as a result of large classes. Although staff development meetings were held in schools, they were mostly administrative and nothing definite was being done to mitigate the challenges which teachers were facing in accessing CPD opportunities. Teachers opted for a CPD framework which would give them more information and more opportunities for CPD on SEN, better access to teaching materials and more opportunities to work with experienced practitioners in SEN. Teachers preferred a framework based on a variety of CPD models, more school-based CPD rather than out of school -based CPD. The researcher concluded that teachers in regular schools were not equipped to teach learners with special education needs in the mainstream. The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education was not employing the best models in preparing teachers to be effective. Teachers were facing challenges such as, funding, unavailability of information and time in accessing CPD opportunities. The study recommends that The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education should put in place provisions to meet the CPD needs of teachers. Teachers should be fully involved in the identification of CPD needs. It was also recommends that school heads needed CPD on SEN for them to be able to guide teachers properly and to be supportive of the policy. Besides national policies, schools should design CPD policies specifically for their respective schools, in line with national policies. Andragogy principles, Wenger’s social learning theory and Vygotsky’s perspective among others, should underpin the CPD framework. The study recommends an alternative CPD model which would utilise a combination of transmissive, transitional and transformative models and modes of delivery as lenses in meeting the CPD needs of teachers in the context of SEN. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, 2015
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015-05
Abandoned buildings as breeding ground for criminal activities: a case study of Libode Town under Nyandeni Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape
- Baliwe, Mthuthuzeli Christopher
- Authors: Baliwe, Mthuthuzeli Christopher
- Date: 2020-02
- Subjects: Abandoned buildings http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2006005935 , Crime -- South Africa http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2009122346
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19215 , vital:43032
- Description: Buildings and houses are neglected by their owners/ government for different reasons, but money tends to be the leading reason in most instances. That then needs minds to work hand in hand; owners of the buildings must co-partner with the government to reduce the crisis by ensuring that there are no abandoned buildings in the community as these have proved to be breeding ground for criminal activities. The study was conducted in Libode town, which is under Nyandeni Local municipality in the Eastern Cape. Around Libode town there are abandoned buildings that have not been used for years. In most cases criminals use these for their criminal activities and hide outs from the law. There have been multiple cases reported about crimes committed inside and around these buildings, and still no intervention from the local government has been instituted. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of abandoned buildings on criminal activities in Libode Town. The study used a qualitative design in data collection and in describing the results. A sample of 8 key informants, 10 members from Qhankqu and 10 members from Belmond Township formed participants of the study. These were selected using the Snowball sampling method. In-depth / one on one interviews were used to collect data from key informants and focus group interviews were used to interview two groups, one from Belmond and the other from Qhankqu. Data were analysed and drafted using thematic analysis and transcription. Interviews were recorded and notes were taken to collect data. Findings indicate that indeed abandoned buildings are the source of so many criminal activities as it was explained by the researcher that youth hangs on these buildings and formulate gangs. These gangs are utilised by drug dealers to distribute their merchandise. Findings also explained that these buildings are located on places which are dangerous and it motivates wrongdoers to even carry on their doings. Findings indicated that lack of attention to these buildings by the government and the relevant owners was the main factor that led criminals to utilise abandoned buildings for their wrongdoings. Findings further showed that the government failed to ensure that these buildings are checked at least twice a month in order to keep control on these buildings, causing criminals to target the abandoned buildings. The study recommends that SAPS and Nyandeni local municipality draft Laws/ restrictions for the use of these buildings so that if anyone wants to use these buildings they must follow these laws and restrictions, which will help to restrict criminal elements from using these buildings without permission. To solve the problem of criminals taking advantage of abandoned buildings, the study recommends, the buildings should be either destroyed or fixed. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-02
- Authors: Baliwe, Mthuthuzeli Christopher
- Date: 2020-02
- Subjects: Abandoned buildings http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2006005935 , Crime -- South Africa http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2009122346
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19215 , vital:43032
- Description: Buildings and houses are neglected by their owners/ government for different reasons, but money tends to be the leading reason in most instances. That then needs minds to work hand in hand; owners of the buildings must co-partner with the government to reduce the crisis by ensuring that there are no abandoned buildings in the community as these have proved to be breeding ground for criminal activities. The study was conducted in Libode town, which is under Nyandeni Local municipality in the Eastern Cape. Around Libode town there are abandoned buildings that have not been used for years. In most cases criminals use these for their criminal activities and hide outs from the law. There have been multiple cases reported about crimes committed inside and around these buildings, and still no intervention from the local government has been instituted. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of abandoned buildings on criminal activities in Libode Town. The study used a qualitative design in data collection and in describing the results. A sample of 8 key informants, 10 members from Qhankqu and 10 members from Belmond Township formed participants of the study. These were selected using the Snowball sampling method. In-depth / one on one interviews were used to collect data from key informants and focus group interviews were used to interview two groups, one from Belmond and the other from Qhankqu. Data were analysed and drafted using thematic analysis and transcription. Interviews were recorded and notes were taken to collect data. Findings indicate that indeed abandoned buildings are the source of so many criminal activities as it was explained by the researcher that youth hangs on these buildings and formulate gangs. These gangs are utilised by drug dealers to distribute their merchandise. Findings also explained that these buildings are located on places which are dangerous and it motivates wrongdoers to even carry on their doings. Findings indicated that lack of attention to these buildings by the government and the relevant owners was the main factor that led criminals to utilise abandoned buildings for their wrongdoings. Findings further showed that the government failed to ensure that these buildings are checked at least twice a month in order to keep control on these buildings, causing criminals to target the abandoned buildings. The study recommends that SAPS and Nyandeni local municipality draft Laws/ restrictions for the use of these buildings so that if anyone wants to use these buildings they must follow these laws and restrictions, which will help to restrict criminal elements from using these buildings without permission. To solve the problem of criminals taking advantage of abandoned buildings, the study recommends, the buildings should be either destroyed or fixed. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-02
The implementation of HIV and AIDS prevention programmes in three Universities in Zimbabwe
- Muzenda, Denias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6552-7319
- Authors: Muzenda, Denias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6552-7319
- Date: 2012-12
- Subjects: Universities and colleges -- Health promotion services , AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25022 , vital:63891
- Description: Given the nature and devastating effects of HIV and AIDS and its impact on society, the universities in Zimbabwe have affirmed the need to define their institutional policy aimed at managing and mitigating the effects of HIV and AIDS. In this regard they have also put in place programmes to address the epidemic. Among the programmes are HIV and AIDS prevention programmes which are being implemented. However, there have been concerns that despite the fact that the programmes are being implemented as planned they have not met their objectives as HIV and AIDS infections have not decreased as expected. Hence this study assesses the implementation of HIV and AIDS prevention programmes in three universities in Zimbabwe. To achieve these objectives, the researcher opted for the mixed method methodology which is embedded in the post-positivist research paradigm. Post-positivist research paradigm attempts to increase our understanding of the way things are and that objectivity is an ideal that can never be achieved, and research is conducted with greater awareness of subjectivity. The researcher had to opt for questionnaires, interviews, document analysis and observations as data collecting instruments. From the Data presented the study found that universities lack adequately professionally qualified HIV and AIDS lecturers. Results on capacity of implementers in the study revealed that an insignificant number of lecturers have the capacity while the majority significant number lacked the capacity to implement the programmes. HIV and AIDS prevention is being implemented by unqualified lecturers who lack training and prerequisite skills for the programme. Furthermore, the study found that Lecturers do not get the necessary professional and institutional support to implement successfully HIV and AIDS programmes in universities. HIV and AIDS Coordinators and NGOs expressed concern over the inadequacy of learning and teaching support material. Funding and lack of resources such as specialist rooms and learning materials are a major impediment to successful implementation of HIV and AIDS. Implementation of HIV and AIDS programmes suffers from inadequate supervision by the relevant stakeholders due to unavailability of transport and financial cost. It also emerged that Human resource is also a major problem since there is a great staff turnover as specialist lecturers leave the system for better paid opportunities in the private sector. Most university lecturer respondents cited staff turnover as long-established and skilled lecturers look for greener pastures within and outside the country. The dominant methods used to implement HIV and AIDS programmes do not give enough room for group work discussions to effect behaviour change in students. Rather, more emphasis is on factual knowledge for assignments and examination purposes. On monitoring and evaluation of HIV and AIDS programmes, the study found that lecturers and students are unaware of their programmes progress bench marks. Universities have not been carrying out internal audits over the past years. This implies that the universities are divorced from Ministry of Higher Education Policy on monitoring and evaluation. Also, less people are involved in the monitoring process of HIV and AIDS programmes. The study found from the universities records that an HIV and AIDS Policy document exists at each university. However, the implementation of HIV and AIDS prevention programmes seemed to have a number of controversies and challenges. The study made the following recommendations against each major finding: Within the organisation, university works continually to equip staff with the knowledge, skills and tools required to analyse programme, implement and monitor interventions for HIV prevention. Capacity to support innovations includes aspects which hinder or support the implementation of new practices and ideas in the new curriculum. Universities should have trained HIV and AIDS Peer educators. For a lecturer to be considered as professionally qualified personnel in universities, the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education should stipulate possession of a Master‟s degree or a Doctorate. The researcher provided a section on contribution of the study to new knowledge whereby the researcher proposed an alternative model for HIV and AIDS implementation for universities in Zimbabwe. This model was derived after a thorough analysis of the findings from the study as well as an extensive literature review on the subject. Areas for further research have been suggested in this study. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-12
- Authors: Muzenda, Denias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6552-7319
- Date: 2012-12
- Subjects: Universities and colleges -- Health promotion services , AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25022 , vital:63891
- Description: Given the nature and devastating effects of HIV and AIDS and its impact on society, the universities in Zimbabwe have affirmed the need to define their institutional policy aimed at managing and mitigating the effects of HIV and AIDS. In this regard they have also put in place programmes to address the epidemic. Among the programmes are HIV and AIDS prevention programmes which are being implemented. However, there have been concerns that despite the fact that the programmes are being implemented as planned they have not met their objectives as HIV and AIDS infections have not decreased as expected. Hence this study assesses the implementation of HIV and AIDS prevention programmes in three universities in Zimbabwe. To achieve these objectives, the researcher opted for the mixed method methodology which is embedded in the post-positivist research paradigm. Post-positivist research paradigm attempts to increase our understanding of the way things are and that objectivity is an ideal that can never be achieved, and research is conducted with greater awareness of subjectivity. The researcher had to opt for questionnaires, interviews, document analysis and observations as data collecting instruments. From the Data presented the study found that universities lack adequately professionally qualified HIV and AIDS lecturers. Results on capacity of implementers in the study revealed that an insignificant number of lecturers have the capacity while the majority significant number lacked the capacity to implement the programmes. HIV and AIDS prevention is being implemented by unqualified lecturers who lack training and prerequisite skills for the programme. Furthermore, the study found that Lecturers do not get the necessary professional and institutional support to implement successfully HIV and AIDS programmes in universities. HIV and AIDS Coordinators and NGOs expressed concern over the inadequacy of learning and teaching support material. Funding and lack of resources such as specialist rooms and learning materials are a major impediment to successful implementation of HIV and AIDS. Implementation of HIV and AIDS programmes suffers from inadequate supervision by the relevant stakeholders due to unavailability of transport and financial cost. It also emerged that Human resource is also a major problem since there is a great staff turnover as specialist lecturers leave the system for better paid opportunities in the private sector. Most university lecturer respondents cited staff turnover as long-established and skilled lecturers look for greener pastures within and outside the country. The dominant methods used to implement HIV and AIDS programmes do not give enough room for group work discussions to effect behaviour change in students. Rather, more emphasis is on factual knowledge for assignments and examination purposes. On monitoring and evaluation of HIV and AIDS programmes, the study found that lecturers and students are unaware of their programmes progress bench marks. Universities have not been carrying out internal audits over the past years. This implies that the universities are divorced from Ministry of Higher Education Policy on monitoring and evaluation. Also, less people are involved in the monitoring process of HIV and AIDS programmes. The study found from the universities records that an HIV and AIDS Policy document exists at each university. However, the implementation of HIV and AIDS prevention programmes seemed to have a number of controversies and challenges. The study made the following recommendations against each major finding: Within the organisation, university works continually to equip staff with the knowledge, skills and tools required to analyse programme, implement and monitor interventions for HIV prevention. Capacity to support innovations includes aspects which hinder or support the implementation of new practices and ideas in the new curriculum. Universities should have trained HIV and AIDS Peer educators. For a lecturer to be considered as professionally qualified personnel in universities, the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education should stipulate possession of a Master‟s degree or a Doctorate. The researcher provided a section on contribution of the study to new knowledge whereby the researcher proposed an alternative model for HIV and AIDS implementation for universities in Zimbabwe. This model was derived after a thorough analysis of the findings from the study as well as an extensive literature review on the subject. Areas for further research have been suggested in this study. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-12
Integration of dual metallophthalocyanine catalysis and green energy for sustainable oxidative removal of endocrine disrupting compounds
- Authors: Kruid, Jan
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/192820 , vital:45267
- Description: Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Biotechnology Innovation Centre, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
- Authors: Kruid, Jan
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/192820 , vital:45267
- Description: Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Biotechnology Innovation Centre, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
Composition Portfolio
- Authors: Hanmer, Paul Dylan
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Composition (Music) , String quartets Scores , Symphonies Scores , Music South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/327283 , vital:61100 , DOI 10.21504/10962/327283
- Description: Extract from Introduction: “In the cover bands I worked with, I used to do what all my colleagues in these bands were doing to learn and remember repertoire; transcribe “by ear” and then rehearse with the whole band. Later, when I joined “909” [a cover band named after the “909” model of drum-box developed and built by the Japanese company, Roland] I learned to extend that skill by notating my transcriptions and then playing from these self-made keyboard parts. All the instrumentalists in that band likewise played from their own notated transcriptions and, from that time onward it became rarer for me to do any kind of performance work without a set of self-made parts to read from or refer to. I had thus reverted to performing from musical notation. Even later, when I became involved almost exclusively in improvisational music performance, I never quite abandoned the notion of having notated keyboard or piano parts to hand, as a reference or guide. Since about 1990, I have led a life that has increasingly left pop music behind and instead embraced working with improvising musicians; those who wish to explore South African folk idioms in their compositional and performance output, as well as others who have a deep love of jazz music. At the same time, I have re-entered the realm of classical music and music-making; often through writing arrangements of my own music, which would incorporate classically trained players, as well as in response to commissions to compose [for particular musicians or groups of musicians] fully notated pieces of music – such as the works in this PhD portfolio. Yet, there are many circumstantial factors that feed into my composing, and exert an influence on my creativity. A major step in this particular direction came during 2002 when composer, Michael Blake, asked me to contribute to The Bow Project. This commission brought me into close contact with the [then intact and very active] Sontonga Quartet. Several further requests for, and commissions of, new works followed on from there. Two such works constitute the major portion of the portfolio to which these reflexive commentaries refer.” , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, Music and Musicology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
- Authors: Hanmer, Paul Dylan
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Composition (Music) , String quartets Scores , Symphonies Scores , Music South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/327283 , vital:61100 , DOI 10.21504/10962/327283
- Description: Extract from Introduction: “In the cover bands I worked with, I used to do what all my colleagues in these bands were doing to learn and remember repertoire; transcribe “by ear” and then rehearse with the whole band. Later, when I joined “909” [a cover band named after the “909” model of drum-box developed and built by the Japanese company, Roland] I learned to extend that skill by notating my transcriptions and then playing from these self-made keyboard parts. All the instrumentalists in that band likewise played from their own notated transcriptions and, from that time onward it became rarer for me to do any kind of performance work without a set of self-made parts to read from or refer to. I had thus reverted to performing from musical notation. Even later, when I became involved almost exclusively in improvisational music performance, I never quite abandoned the notion of having notated keyboard or piano parts to hand, as a reference or guide. Since about 1990, I have led a life that has increasingly left pop music behind and instead embraced working with improvising musicians; those who wish to explore South African folk idioms in their compositional and performance output, as well as others who have a deep love of jazz music. At the same time, I have re-entered the realm of classical music and music-making; often through writing arrangements of my own music, which would incorporate classically trained players, as well as in response to commissions to compose [for particular musicians or groups of musicians] fully notated pieces of music – such as the works in this PhD portfolio. Yet, there are many circumstantial factors that feed into my composing, and exert an influence on my creativity. A major step in this particular direction came during 2002 when composer, Michael Blake, asked me to contribute to The Bow Project. This commission brought me into close contact with the [then intact and very active] Sontonga Quartet. Several further requests for, and commissions of, new works followed on from there. Two such works constitute the major portion of the portfolio to which these reflexive commentaries refer.” , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, Music and Musicology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
An analysis of orthographic errors in isiXhosa texts: a case of grade 11 isiXhosa home language (l1) in the Western Cape
- Authors: Titi, Nonzolo
- Date: 2021-05
- Subjects: Language and languages -- Orthography and spelling
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22210 , vital:51998
- Description: This case study reveals that the written language of a group of Grade 11 isiXhosa first language (L1) learners presents errors which seem to have serious implications for their linguistic competence, performance in their learning, language development and language conservation. These errors include different regular language components, such as grammar, spelling, word division, punctuation, vocabulary, capitalization, syntax and semantics. Additional to these errors are the newly discovered categories of anomalies, such as new lexical items, incomplete words, incorrect word construction, inter-categorical range, multiple deviations and writing inconsistencies. The writing of these learners not only reflects various orthographic errors and inconsistency in their usage of isiXhosa, which translates into language deficiency, but also implies gaps within the education system and its policies, as well as inefficient isiXhosa curriculum design as some of the factors contributing to the existence of these errors. Possible causes of these errors include educational causes; lack of orthographic knowledge and limited reading, socio-cultural causes; interference of other languages and the influence of the media, and attitudinal causes; lack of respect and contempt for the language and lack of learner interest in the language. Adopting a combined mixed method with a predominantly qualitative approach, this study examines errors presented in the writings of Grade 11 isiXhosa L1 learners with a view to establishing the nature and scope of these errors. The key objectives of this study were investigated by means of scientific papers both published and publishable as book chapters, books, dissertations, education policies, online publications and journal articles - both international and accredited journals. Drawing on various conceptual and analytical frameworks (Hymes 1972; Corder 1981), the study scrutinizes the contents and presents observations of the elements and themes that emanate from the eighteen (18) learners’ isiXhosa essays and seven (7) voice-recorded isiXhosa teachers and subject advisers’ interviews which were used as data. Findings reveal that learners struggle to master some language aspects, with their usage reflecting serious deviations from the standard orthography. These findings have serious implications for language teaching and learning as these errors tend to affect the learners’ linguistic competence and performance, language development, as well as language conservation. Also, serious violations of the standard orthographic rules are noticeable; and this observation raises concerns about the fate and sustainability of the language. It is recommended that interventions and strategies be applied in respect of the teaching and learning of isiXhosa in order to maintain its standard orthography, to preserve the language, improve the learning and teaching of the language, maintain communicative competence and facilitate appropriate application of the language in a learning context, especially in speaking and writing. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-05
- Authors: Titi, Nonzolo
- Date: 2021-05
- Subjects: Language and languages -- Orthography and spelling
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22210 , vital:51998
- Description: This case study reveals that the written language of a group of Grade 11 isiXhosa first language (L1) learners presents errors which seem to have serious implications for their linguistic competence, performance in their learning, language development and language conservation. These errors include different regular language components, such as grammar, spelling, word division, punctuation, vocabulary, capitalization, syntax and semantics. Additional to these errors are the newly discovered categories of anomalies, such as new lexical items, incomplete words, incorrect word construction, inter-categorical range, multiple deviations and writing inconsistencies. The writing of these learners not only reflects various orthographic errors and inconsistency in their usage of isiXhosa, which translates into language deficiency, but also implies gaps within the education system and its policies, as well as inefficient isiXhosa curriculum design as some of the factors contributing to the existence of these errors. Possible causes of these errors include educational causes; lack of orthographic knowledge and limited reading, socio-cultural causes; interference of other languages and the influence of the media, and attitudinal causes; lack of respect and contempt for the language and lack of learner interest in the language. Adopting a combined mixed method with a predominantly qualitative approach, this study examines errors presented in the writings of Grade 11 isiXhosa L1 learners with a view to establishing the nature and scope of these errors. The key objectives of this study were investigated by means of scientific papers both published and publishable as book chapters, books, dissertations, education policies, online publications and journal articles - both international and accredited journals. Drawing on various conceptual and analytical frameworks (Hymes 1972; Corder 1981), the study scrutinizes the contents and presents observations of the elements and themes that emanate from the eighteen (18) learners’ isiXhosa essays and seven (7) voice-recorded isiXhosa teachers and subject advisers’ interviews which were used as data. Findings reveal that learners struggle to master some language aspects, with their usage reflecting serious deviations from the standard orthography. These findings have serious implications for language teaching and learning as these errors tend to affect the learners’ linguistic competence and performance, language development, as well as language conservation. Also, serious violations of the standard orthographic rules are noticeable; and this observation raises concerns about the fate and sustainability of the language. It is recommended that interventions and strategies be applied in respect of the teaching and learning of isiXhosa in order to maintain its standard orthography, to preserve the language, improve the learning and teaching of the language, maintain communicative competence and facilitate appropriate application of the language in a learning context, especially in speaking and writing. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-05
The string vibrator experiment-experimental and analytical determination of system fundamental natural frequencies
- Authors: Gordon, Mark Leonard
- Date: 2011-11
- Subjects: Vibration , Nonlinear oscillations , Waves
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24002 , vital:62245
- Description: This thesis represents an experimental and intellectual journey of more than three years. The String Vibrator Experiment (SVE) is an experimental payload on the SumbandilaSat, satellite. The experiment was initially designed to compare low-earthorbitstretched string nonlinear dynamics with those found terrestrially, with particular emphasis on the effects of micro-gravity and near vacuum. Due to the damage of some internal components of the SVE, the terrestrial experiment had to be characterized by finding both transverse fundamental natural frequencies and the longitudinal system fundamental natural frequency. Forced and free vibration tests were performed on the SVE, with comparable results. The percentage frequency difference between measurement results obtained for the said natural frequencies was found to be acceptable. An analytical model for the string longitudinal system was developed using Energy Methods, assuming linear coupling of the stretched string and the flexible support. Bessel Functions were used to find the natural frequency of the flexible support, which is made of a thin-circular plate loaded centrally by the stretched string and fixed on its outer boundary. The natural frequency thus predicted, corresponds closely with that measured by Laser Doppler Vibrometry. It was found that the longitudinal system behaves in an uncoupled, manner. In this study use was made of piezo bi-morph sensors as vibration measuring devices, with promising results. A method called the peak amplitude discrimination method is introduced to find the respective resonant frequencies; this method is an adaptation of the sweptsine frequency method Nonlinear behavior of the SVE was found to exist exhibiting Sub-harmonics, Super-harmonics, Combination harmonics and Internal Resonances. It is hoped that the experimental methods used in this study would aid in the measurement and analysis of longitudinal vibrations found in flexible cables, rods and rigid bars. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2011
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011-11
- Authors: Gordon, Mark Leonard
- Date: 2011-11
- Subjects: Vibration , Nonlinear oscillations , Waves
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24002 , vital:62245
- Description: This thesis represents an experimental and intellectual journey of more than three years. The String Vibrator Experiment (SVE) is an experimental payload on the SumbandilaSat, satellite. The experiment was initially designed to compare low-earthorbitstretched string nonlinear dynamics with those found terrestrially, with particular emphasis on the effects of micro-gravity and near vacuum. Due to the damage of some internal components of the SVE, the terrestrial experiment had to be characterized by finding both transverse fundamental natural frequencies and the longitudinal system fundamental natural frequency. Forced and free vibration tests were performed on the SVE, with comparable results. The percentage frequency difference between measurement results obtained for the said natural frequencies was found to be acceptable. An analytical model for the string longitudinal system was developed using Energy Methods, assuming linear coupling of the stretched string and the flexible support. Bessel Functions were used to find the natural frequency of the flexible support, which is made of a thin-circular plate loaded centrally by the stretched string and fixed on its outer boundary. The natural frequency thus predicted, corresponds closely with that measured by Laser Doppler Vibrometry. It was found that the longitudinal system behaves in an uncoupled, manner. In this study use was made of piezo bi-morph sensors as vibration measuring devices, with promising results. A method called the peak amplitude discrimination method is introduced to find the respective resonant frequencies; this method is an adaptation of the sweptsine frequency method Nonlinear behavior of the SVE was found to exist exhibiting Sub-harmonics, Super-harmonics, Combination harmonics and Internal Resonances. It is hoped that the experimental methods used in this study would aid in the measurement and analysis of longitudinal vibrations found in flexible cables, rods and rigid bars. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2011
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011-11
An Entrepreneurial Ecosystem framework for Nelson Mandela Bay
- Authors: Boucher, Marilyn Sasha
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship -- South Africa , Sustainable development--Eastern Cape (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53562 , vital:45630
- Description: In recent years, the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems increased in status amongst policy makers, scholars, practitioners, and mainstream media as a regional economic development strategy. Yet, despite the opportunities presented by the entrepreneurial ecosystem, it is both under-theorized and lacks data on a sub-national scale. Furthermore, research from an African and sub-Saharan African context remains in its infancy. The limited research within these resource-constrained countries creates a challenge to determine the underlying factors that influence entrepreneurship. As a result, developing economies, as in the case of sub-Saharan Africa, have applied generalizations of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, which undermine the temporal differences of places and reduce the potential to benefit from agglomeration economies. With the National Development Plan: Vision 2030, the South African government strives to achieve an inclusive economy through enhancing the capacity of the state, building capabilities, and promoting partnerships amongst sectors. Motivated by the mandate to redress the inequality caused by economic exclusion, the South African government has taken counteractive measures focused on promoting entrepreneurship as a key driver of economic growth. Despite the measures placed, South Africa struggles with high levels of inequality with a Gini coefficient of 0.63, unemployment of 32.6% and negative GDP per capita growth of - 8.137%. Furthermore, most small businesses in South Africa are informal, which means that a disproportionate concentration of employment exists in the informal sector. Against this backdrop, the problem addressed in this study is based on the challenge of creating productive entrepreneurship that acknowledges the unique structure and resources of Nelson Mandela Bay. To address this gap, a critical inquiry into entrepreneurial ecosystems was motivated. First, the inquiry is focused on a real-world context, namely Nelson Mandela Bay, which is one of the eight metropolitan regions in South Africa, a developing economy. Second, the inquiry uses multiple perspectives through multiple data collection methods. To commence the inquiry, a literature review was conducted on secondary sources to identify the factors influencing entrepreneurial ecosystems and formed the basis of the theoretical framework. The study followed the pragmatism research philosophy and used an abductive research approach. A mixed method research design was utilized and followed a sequential independent process, which was performed in two phases and independently analyzed. , Thesis (DBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Boucher, Marilyn Sasha
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship -- South Africa , Sustainable development--Eastern Cape (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53562 , vital:45630
- Description: In recent years, the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems increased in status amongst policy makers, scholars, practitioners, and mainstream media as a regional economic development strategy. Yet, despite the opportunities presented by the entrepreneurial ecosystem, it is both under-theorized and lacks data on a sub-national scale. Furthermore, research from an African and sub-Saharan African context remains in its infancy. The limited research within these resource-constrained countries creates a challenge to determine the underlying factors that influence entrepreneurship. As a result, developing economies, as in the case of sub-Saharan Africa, have applied generalizations of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, which undermine the temporal differences of places and reduce the potential to benefit from agglomeration economies. With the National Development Plan: Vision 2030, the South African government strives to achieve an inclusive economy through enhancing the capacity of the state, building capabilities, and promoting partnerships amongst sectors. Motivated by the mandate to redress the inequality caused by economic exclusion, the South African government has taken counteractive measures focused on promoting entrepreneurship as a key driver of economic growth. Despite the measures placed, South Africa struggles with high levels of inequality with a Gini coefficient of 0.63, unemployment of 32.6% and negative GDP per capita growth of - 8.137%. Furthermore, most small businesses in South Africa are informal, which means that a disproportionate concentration of employment exists in the informal sector. Against this backdrop, the problem addressed in this study is based on the challenge of creating productive entrepreneurship that acknowledges the unique structure and resources of Nelson Mandela Bay. To address this gap, a critical inquiry into entrepreneurial ecosystems was motivated. First, the inquiry is focused on a real-world context, namely Nelson Mandela Bay, which is one of the eight metropolitan regions in South Africa, a developing economy. Second, the inquiry uses multiple perspectives through multiple data collection methods. To commence the inquiry, a literature review was conducted on secondary sources to identify the factors influencing entrepreneurial ecosystems and formed the basis of the theoretical framework. The study followed the pragmatism research philosophy and used an abductive research approach. A mixed method research design was utilized and followed a sequential independent process, which was performed in two phases and independently analyzed. , Thesis (DBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
Opportunities and challenges for socio-economic transformation in rural Zimbabwe
- Authors: Mutami, Cephas
- Date: 2014-10
- Subjects: Economic development--Social aspects , Rural development , Community development
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26459 , vital:65338
- Description: The focus of the thesis is the impediments of rural development in Zimbabwe and how opportunities for socio-economic transformation can be enhanced in the current setting. The study embarks from a conceptualization of rural poverty in Zimbabwe using theoretical and empirical evidence. Poverty in rural Zimbabwe has a historical legacy of deprivation and dispossession and is concentrated in communal areas which have low resources bases with low agriculture potential due to low rainfall and poor soils. The myriad of challenges in rural Zimbabwe point to the incoherent of rural development polices which are distorting markets for inputs and produce. Thus the study sought to address the rural development policy bottlenecks and develop a policy agenda for development.Using mixed methods approach, the study considered household economic conditions, their production practices and their vulnerability contexts in three selected districts which represent communal, old resettlement and small scale A1 and A2 areas. The household data is blended with interview data of rural development practitioners in both private and public agencies to produce comprehensive information on the impact of rural development policies. Archival research method was also used to do content reviews on government policy papers and programs so as to provide a holistic approach to analysis. Naturally mixed methods produce large volumes of data which requires thorough analysis. This was only possible through the use of analytical computer software packages for qualitative and quantitative data such as Atlas Ti and Excel spreadsheet, respectively. The study revealed that rural households in Zimbabwe are farmers. The majority of these farmers are smallholders who are located in remote communal areas and resettlement areas. Communal farmers constitute the bulk of rural citizens and live on less than a dollar a day. They are engaged in mixed farming methods and other non-farm activities especially during off-agriculture season. Communal households basically produce staples, with a low percentage producing cotton and groundnuts. Production choices and methods are shaped by subsistence needs of households but more so by risks and vulnerability contexts which they operate in. Farmers in resettlement areas face a different set of opportunities and threats to their livelihoods as they are located in prime agricultural land. However they are still challenged with the rural development approaches of central government. On the policy front, there is no pronounced rural development policy in Zimbabwe. The current setting has numerous pronouncements and programs which all seek to alleviate underdevelopment in Zimbabwe. These programs are replicating each other in practice and in most cases benefit the political elites and large scale commercial farmers. The multiplicity of government institutions which deal with rural development results in incremental decisions and programs which further impoverishes rural households. The study posits a rural development policy framework which is based on a comprehensive policy agenda which takes into cognizance the production requirements of households. Such a policy needs to be inclusive to the rural households in terms of governance and programs. A rural development policy agenda and framework would require the harnessing of resources from both the government and private players in well-articulated market friendly approaches. This would stimulate high productivity, enhance off-farm activities, raise incomes and foremost create appropriate social protection programs. Thus the potential for sustained economic growth and development in Zimbabwe lies with smallholder agriculture based rural development framework which can impact on the 67% population who live and work in rural areas. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-10
- Authors: Mutami, Cephas
- Date: 2014-10
- Subjects: Economic development--Social aspects , Rural development , Community development
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26459 , vital:65338
- Description: The focus of the thesis is the impediments of rural development in Zimbabwe and how opportunities for socio-economic transformation can be enhanced in the current setting. The study embarks from a conceptualization of rural poverty in Zimbabwe using theoretical and empirical evidence. Poverty in rural Zimbabwe has a historical legacy of deprivation and dispossession and is concentrated in communal areas which have low resources bases with low agriculture potential due to low rainfall and poor soils. The myriad of challenges in rural Zimbabwe point to the incoherent of rural development polices which are distorting markets for inputs and produce. Thus the study sought to address the rural development policy bottlenecks and develop a policy agenda for development.Using mixed methods approach, the study considered household economic conditions, their production practices and their vulnerability contexts in three selected districts which represent communal, old resettlement and small scale A1 and A2 areas. The household data is blended with interview data of rural development practitioners in both private and public agencies to produce comprehensive information on the impact of rural development policies. Archival research method was also used to do content reviews on government policy papers and programs so as to provide a holistic approach to analysis. Naturally mixed methods produce large volumes of data which requires thorough analysis. This was only possible through the use of analytical computer software packages for qualitative and quantitative data such as Atlas Ti and Excel spreadsheet, respectively. The study revealed that rural households in Zimbabwe are farmers. The majority of these farmers are smallholders who are located in remote communal areas and resettlement areas. Communal farmers constitute the bulk of rural citizens and live on less than a dollar a day. They are engaged in mixed farming methods and other non-farm activities especially during off-agriculture season. Communal households basically produce staples, with a low percentage producing cotton and groundnuts. Production choices and methods are shaped by subsistence needs of households but more so by risks and vulnerability contexts which they operate in. Farmers in resettlement areas face a different set of opportunities and threats to their livelihoods as they are located in prime agricultural land. However they are still challenged with the rural development approaches of central government. On the policy front, there is no pronounced rural development policy in Zimbabwe. The current setting has numerous pronouncements and programs which all seek to alleviate underdevelopment in Zimbabwe. These programs are replicating each other in practice and in most cases benefit the political elites and large scale commercial farmers. The multiplicity of government institutions which deal with rural development results in incremental decisions and programs which further impoverishes rural households. The study posits a rural development policy framework which is based on a comprehensive policy agenda which takes into cognizance the production requirements of households. Such a policy needs to be inclusive to the rural households in terms of governance and programs. A rural development policy agenda and framework would require the harnessing of resources from both the government and private players in well-articulated market friendly approaches. This would stimulate high productivity, enhance off-farm activities, raise incomes and foremost create appropriate social protection programs. Thus the potential for sustained economic growth and development in Zimbabwe lies with smallholder agriculture based rural development framework which can impact on the 67% population who live and work in rural areas. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-10