The geography of the Bedford, Adelaide, Fort Beaufort, Stockenström and Victoria East magisterial districts
- Authors: Childs, Nicol Treloar
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Geography , Land use, Rural -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4861 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006845 , Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Geography , Land use, Rural -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: From introduction: This is a study of the physical landscape, climate, natural vegetation, historical geography and rural land use of the Bedford, Adelaide, Fort Beaufort, Stockenström and Victoria East magisterial districts. These five districts may be regarded as a natural region bounded by the crest of the Amatole-Winterberg range in the north and by the Great Fish River in the west. The southern boundary is a zone of semi-arid scrub bordering the Great Fish River valley. The Ciskei may be regarded as the eastern boundary of the region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1972
- Authors: Childs, Nicol Treloar
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Geography , Land use, Rural -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4861 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006845 , Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Geography , Land use, Rural -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: From introduction: This is a study of the physical landscape, climate, natural vegetation, historical geography and rural land use of the Bedford, Adelaide, Fort Beaufort, Stockenström and Victoria East magisterial districts. These five districts may be regarded as a natural region bounded by the crest of the Amatole-Winterberg range in the north and by the Great Fish River in the west. The southern boundary is a zone of semi-arid scrub bordering the Great Fish River valley. The Ciskei may be regarded as the eastern boundary of the region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1972
Instrument building as a tool for the revitalisation and revaluing of traditional music transmission: An investigation in Tshandama and Mbahe in Venda, South Africa
- Authors: Makhanza, Joseph
- Date: 2023-03-31
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419525 , vital:71651
- Description: This study stems from my experiences as a child who grew up playing herd boys’ musical instruments from Venda, such as the tshipotoliyo (ocarina), and tshitiringo (flute). Importantly it also builds on my time working at the International Library of African Music (ILAM,) where the aforementioned instruments, as well as the dende (musical bow) and tshizambi (Vhavenda and Vatsonga mouth bow), are displayed in transparent glass cubicles with a note, “Do not touch, they are fragile”. This phrase is painfully apt because, as a musician, I have observed a decline in the availability and performance of these musical instruments. The truth is that, other than at ILAM, these instruments are hardly in circulation, let alone being performed. This fact ignited my interest in relearning some of the musical instruments I used to play and make while herding cows in Giyani. In the context of trends such as modernisation, rural–urban migration, and globalisation, I document my experiences as a musical-instrument maker, teacher, and performer in revitalising dende, tshipotoliyo, tshitiringo, and tshizambi through classroom practice, using Rhodes music students, instrument-making workshops, performances, and community collaborations as inspiration. I propose the development of crafting skills as a medium for revitalising and sustaining these musical instruments which serve as important identity markers of the Vhavenda people. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, Music and Musicology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-31
- Authors: Makhanza, Joseph
- Date: 2023-03-31
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419525 , vital:71651
- Description: This study stems from my experiences as a child who grew up playing herd boys’ musical instruments from Venda, such as the tshipotoliyo (ocarina), and tshitiringo (flute). Importantly it also builds on my time working at the International Library of African Music (ILAM,) where the aforementioned instruments, as well as the dende (musical bow) and tshizambi (Vhavenda and Vatsonga mouth bow), are displayed in transparent glass cubicles with a note, “Do not touch, they are fragile”. This phrase is painfully apt because, as a musician, I have observed a decline in the availability and performance of these musical instruments. The truth is that, other than at ILAM, these instruments are hardly in circulation, let alone being performed. This fact ignited my interest in relearning some of the musical instruments I used to play and make while herding cows in Giyani. In the context of trends such as modernisation, rural–urban migration, and globalisation, I document my experiences as a musical-instrument maker, teacher, and performer in revitalising dende, tshipotoliyo, tshitiringo, and tshizambi through classroom practice, using Rhodes music students, instrument-making workshops, performances, and community collaborations as inspiration. I propose the development of crafting skills as a medium for revitalising and sustaining these musical instruments which serve as important identity markers of the Vhavenda people. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, Music and Musicology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-31
Morphological development in the interlanguage of English learners of Xhosa
- Authors: Hobson, Carol Bonnin
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Grammar, Comparative and general -- Morphology Xhosa language -- Foreign speakers Xhosa language -- Morphology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2348 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002630
- Description: This study investigates the development of morphology in the interlanguage of English learners of Xhosa. A quasi-longitudinal research design is used to trace development in the oral interlanguage of six learners of Xhosa for a period of eight months. The elicitation tasks employed range from fairly unstructured conversation tasks to highly structured sentence-manipulation tasks. The learners have varying levels of competence at the beginning of the study and they are exposed to input mainly in formal contexts of learning. One of the aims of the study is to investigate whether the features of interlanguage identified in other studies appear in the learner language in this study. Most other studies discussed in the literature have investigated the features of the interlanguage produced by learners of analytic and inflectional languages. However, this study analyses the interlanguage of learners of an agglutinative language. Studies of other languages have concluded that learners do not use inflectional or agreement morphology at early stages of development and this conclusion is tested for learners of an agglutinative language in this study. Since agreement and inflectional morphology play a central role in conveying meaning in Xhosa, it is found that learners use morphology from the beginning of the learning process. Although forms may be used incorrectly and the functions of forms may be restricted, morphemes appear in the interlanguage of learners of this study earlier than other studies predict. One of the characteristics of early interlanguage and an early form of learner language called the Basic Variety (Klein & Perdue 1997) is the lack of morphology, but this feature proves to be inadequate as a measure of early development in the interlanguage of learners of a language such as Xhosa. This study concludes, therefore, that the presence of morphology in the interlanguage of learners of Xhosa cannot be an indicator of advanced language development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Hobson, Carol Bonnin
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Grammar, Comparative and general -- Morphology Xhosa language -- Foreign speakers Xhosa language -- Morphology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2348 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002630
- Description: This study investigates the development of morphology in the interlanguage of English learners of Xhosa. A quasi-longitudinal research design is used to trace development in the oral interlanguage of six learners of Xhosa for a period of eight months. The elicitation tasks employed range from fairly unstructured conversation tasks to highly structured sentence-manipulation tasks. The learners have varying levels of competence at the beginning of the study and they are exposed to input mainly in formal contexts of learning. One of the aims of the study is to investigate whether the features of interlanguage identified in other studies appear in the learner language in this study. Most other studies discussed in the literature have investigated the features of the interlanguage produced by learners of analytic and inflectional languages. However, this study analyses the interlanguage of learners of an agglutinative language. Studies of other languages have concluded that learners do not use inflectional or agreement morphology at early stages of development and this conclusion is tested for learners of an agglutinative language in this study. Since agreement and inflectional morphology play a central role in conveying meaning in Xhosa, it is found that learners use morphology from the beginning of the learning process. Although forms may be used incorrectly and the functions of forms may be restricted, morphemes appear in the interlanguage of learners of this study earlier than other studies predict. One of the characteristics of early interlanguage and an early form of learner language called the Basic Variety (Klein & Perdue 1997) is the lack of morphology, but this feature proves to be inadequate as a measure of early development in the interlanguage of learners of a language such as Xhosa. This study concludes, therefore, that the presence of morphology in the interlanguage of learners of Xhosa cannot be an indicator of advanced language development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
The establishment of the Rhodes University Allan Gray Centre for Leadership Ethics has its roots in three factors
- Authors: Badat, Saleem
- Date: 2013-11-20
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:7895 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016445
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-11-20
- Authors: Badat, Saleem
- Date: 2013-11-20
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:7895 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016445
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-11-20
A phenomenological investigation into the psychotherapist's experience of identifying, containing and processing the patient's projective identifications
- Authors: Thorpe, Mark Richard
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Psychotherapist and patient Psychotherapy Methods
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3071 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002580
- Description: The aim of the study was to describe the therapist's lived experience of identifying, containing and processing the feelings, thoughts or fantasies evoked in him by the patient's projective identifications. A question which would elicit the experience of this phenomenon was formulated by examining case histories, and modified through the use of individual pilot studies. Fifteen experienced, psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapists were interviewed. The eight psychologically richest accounts were chosen for the study. Using the empirical phenomenological method, the four protocols that most clearly reflected the phenomenon were analysed in detail, while the remaining four were used to clarify areas of uncertainty. Projective identification is conceptualised as the process whereby the patient coerces the therapist to embody an un-appropriated aspect of his (patient's) world. The context of processing a patient's projective identification was discovered to be such that the therapist finds himself coerced to embody an incongruent, unfamiliar, confusing and inauthentic state of being which is consonant with the patient's perception of him. The discomfort of the experience leads the therapist to bring to awareness and thematise his feeling-state. He alternates between avoiding this state of being, which results in conf1ict with the patient and the therapist's own values, and appropriating it, which feels inauthentic. The therapist moves from a position of trying to understand the experience in relation to his own world, to the realisation that it is co-determined by the patient. From a position of reflective distance he re-appropriates aspects of his world that were closed to him while under the influence of the patient, in addition to appropriating previously unowned aspects. The therapist dialogues these appropriations with the invoked feelings, allowing him to differentiate those aspects of his feeling-state which are authentically his from those which are unowned aspects of the patient's aspects of his world that were closed to him while under the influence of the patient, in addition to appropriating previously unowned aspects. The therapist dialogues these appropriations with the invoked feelings, allowing him to differentiate those aspects of his feeling-state which are authentically his from those which are unowned aspects of the patient's world that he has been forced to embody. Through this process the therapist clarifies and gives meaning to his feelings. The therapist fee1s re1ieved and lighter, when in the service of the therapy, he temporarily gives himself over to the patient's experience of him, without feeling drawn to either disowning or appropriating it, while simultaneously remaining open to his own authentic reality. These findings were dialogued with the literature on projective identification.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989
- Authors: Thorpe, Mark Richard
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Psychotherapist and patient Psychotherapy Methods
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3071 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002580
- Description: The aim of the study was to describe the therapist's lived experience of identifying, containing and processing the feelings, thoughts or fantasies evoked in him by the patient's projective identifications. A question which would elicit the experience of this phenomenon was formulated by examining case histories, and modified through the use of individual pilot studies. Fifteen experienced, psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapists were interviewed. The eight psychologically richest accounts were chosen for the study. Using the empirical phenomenological method, the four protocols that most clearly reflected the phenomenon were analysed in detail, while the remaining four were used to clarify areas of uncertainty. Projective identification is conceptualised as the process whereby the patient coerces the therapist to embody an un-appropriated aspect of his (patient's) world. The context of processing a patient's projective identification was discovered to be such that the therapist finds himself coerced to embody an incongruent, unfamiliar, confusing and inauthentic state of being which is consonant with the patient's perception of him. The discomfort of the experience leads the therapist to bring to awareness and thematise his feeling-state. He alternates between avoiding this state of being, which results in conf1ict with the patient and the therapist's own values, and appropriating it, which feels inauthentic. The therapist moves from a position of trying to understand the experience in relation to his own world, to the realisation that it is co-determined by the patient. From a position of reflective distance he re-appropriates aspects of his world that were closed to him while under the influence of the patient, in addition to appropriating previously unowned aspects. The therapist dialogues these appropriations with the invoked feelings, allowing him to differentiate those aspects of his feeling-state which are authentically his from those which are unowned aspects of the patient's aspects of his world that were closed to him while under the influence of the patient, in addition to appropriating previously unowned aspects. The therapist dialogues these appropriations with the invoked feelings, allowing him to differentiate those aspects of his feeling-state which are authentically his from those which are unowned aspects of the patient's world that he has been forced to embody. Through this process the therapist clarifies and gives meaning to his feelings. The therapist fee1s re1ieved and lighter, when in the service of the therapy, he temporarily gives himself over to the patient's experience of him, without feeling drawn to either disowning or appropriating it, while simultaneously remaining open to his own authentic reality. These findings were dialogued with the literature on projective identification.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989
A systematic study of Berkheya and allies (Compositae)
- Authors: Phaliso, Ntombifikile
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Compositae -- Africa, Southern , Daisies -- Africa, Southern , Compositae -- Phylogeny -- Africa, Southern , Compositae -- Geographical distribution -- Africa, Southern , Compositae -- Classification -- Africa, Southern , Cladistic analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4179 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003054
- Description: Berkheya Ehrh. is a genus of daisies in the tribe Arctotideae, subtribe Gorteriinae with over 80 species, most of which occur in southern Africa. This genus has centres of diversity associated with the montane regions of South Africa, including the Drakensberg Alpine Centre and Mpumalanga escarpment regions. Previous molecular and morphological studies indicate that Berkheya is paraphyletic. I present phylogenies based on nrDNA (ITS; Internal Transcribed Spacer) and cpDNA (psbA-trnH) sequence data analysed with Bayesian Inference and Parsimony. A phylogeny of combined cp- and nrDNA is also presented. These phylogenies are used to assess generic limits and to investigate the biogeographic patterns of Berkheya and its allies. The ITS phylogeny shows five well supported clades of Berkheya, two of which (Clades I and 2) are monophyletic summer rainfall region clades. Clades 3 to 5 are all paraphyletic winter rainfall clades with Cullumia occurring in the third clade, Cuspida occurring in the fourth and Didelta in Clade 5. Both psbA-trnH and combined phylogenies show concordance with the clade distribution shown in the ITS phylogeny. The ITS phylogeny was used to analyse correspondence with Roessler’s (1959) Series. It was found that the phylogeny showed considerable agreement with Roessler’s series, but B. bipinnatifida and B. spinosa of Series Speciosae may require some revision as well as taxa of monotypic series Cruciatae and Angustae. It is suggested that the latter series be merged with Cullumia species to form a single series. Some consideration should be taken to include Didelta species into Series Fruticosae as Didelta occurs in subclade 5b of Clade 5 with other Series Fruticosae taxa. Achene morphology was examined from species from each of the five clades to investigate the relationships of Berkheya and its allies, as well as to determine if there were any consistent achene features for each clade. The structure of surface cells on the fruit, the presence, absence and morphology of twin hairs as well as the structure of the pappus scales were found to be most useful in reflecting phylogenetic relationships within the clades. When compared with the clades of the ITS phylogeny, achene morphology showed consistent characters between taxa occurring in the same clades. As the most comprehensive study involving Berkheya, this phylogenenetic investigation was able to confirm that Berkheya is a paraphyletic genus with Didelta, Cullumia and Cuspida needing to be subsumed into Berkheya. An alternative classification is that taxa of Clade 5 could possibly be erected as an expanded Didelta, separate and sister to Berkheya.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Phaliso, Ntombifikile
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Compositae -- Africa, Southern , Daisies -- Africa, Southern , Compositae -- Phylogeny -- Africa, Southern , Compositae -- Geographical distribution -- Africa, Southern , Compositae -- Classification -- Africa, Southern , Cladistic analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4179 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003054
- Description: Berkheya Ehrh. is a genus of daisies in the tribe Arctotideae, subtribe Gorteriinae with over 80 species, most of which occur in southern Africa. This genus has centres of diversity associated with the montane regions of South Africa, including the Drakensberg Alpine Centre and Mpumalanga escarpment regions. Previous molecular and morphological studies indicate that Berkheya is paraphyletic. I present phylogenies based on nrDNA (ITS; Internal Transcribed Spacer) and cpDNA (psbA-trnH) sequence data analysed with Bayesian Inference and Parsimony. A phylogeny of combined cp- and nrDNA is also presented. These phylogenies are used to assess generic limits and to investigate the biogeographic patterns of Berkheya and its allies. The ITS phylogeny shows five well supported clades of Berkheya, two of which (Clades I and 2) are monophyletic summer rainfall region clades. Clades 3 to 5 are all paraphyletic winter rainfall clades with Cullumia occurring in the third clade, Cuspida occurring in the fourth and Didelta in Clade 5. Both psbA-trnH and combined phylogenies show concordance with the clade distribution shown in the ITS phylogeny. The ITS phylogeny was used to analyse correspondence with Roessler’s (1959) Series. It was found that the phylogeny showed considerable agreement with Roessler’s series, but B. bipinnatifida and B. spinosa of Series Speciosae may require some revision as well as taxa of monotypic series Cruciatae and Angustae. It is suggested that the latter series be merged with Cullumia species to form a single series. Some consideration should be taken to include Didelta species into Series Fruticosae as Didelta occurs in subclade 5b of Clade 5 with other Series Fruticosae taxa. Achene morphology was examined from species from each of the five clades to investigate the relationships of Berkheya and its allies, as well as to determine if there were any consistent achene features for each clade. The structure of surface cells on the fruit, the presence, absence and morphology of twin hairs as well as the structure of the pappus scales were found to be most useful in reflecting phylogenetic relationships within the clades. When compared with the clades of the ITS phylogeny, achene morphology showed consistent characters between taxa occurring in the same clades. As the most comprehensive study involving Berkheya, this phylogenenetic investigation was able to confirm that Berkheya is a paraphyletic genus with Didelta, Cullumia and Cuspida needing to be subsumed into Berkheya. An alternative classification is that taxa of Clade 5 could possibly be erected as an expanded Didelta, separate and sister to Berkheya.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Raging in service of the self: exploring a five-year old boy's aggression within his play therapy
- Authors: Smith, Austin
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Play therapy , Aggressiveness in children , Self-perception in children , Child development , Child psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3057 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002566 , Play therapy , Aggressiveness in children , Self-perception in children , Child development , Child psychology
- Description: This thesis takes the form of an in-depth case study within which the play therapy process of an aggressive 5-year-old boy was explored. The aim of the research was to examine the abundant expressions of aggression that were present within his therapy, and in so doing reflect their rich communicative content and their relevance and purpose in the development of his Self. Object relations theory formed the lens and theoretical context for this research with Winnicott’s contributions and Parens' model of aggression being considered in particular. A detailed data resource of the therapy process was compiled and transposed into narrative form. These narratives were reviewed with a reading guide as a means to facilitate a hermeneutic exploration of the data. The emergent themes were considered against the case data and the current theory, which allowed for their further analysis and development. From this the value of using Parens’ model was considered and deemed useful although limited in its contribution. The analysis and the themes which emerged conveyed how within this case the child’s aggression presented as: a significant feature of his ambivalence towards relationships; a powerful and pervasive protective fantasy of omnipotence; inherently linked to his sense of self and self expression; and as actively involved in his True Self’s hope-filled attempts for an alternative experience. This thesis provides a descriptive account of a challenging case, offering insights into the value and meaningful content of aggressive behaviours, with the intention being to reflect that which is often not easily appreciated or readily observable within such a therapy process, a trace of hope.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Smith, Austin
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Play therapy , Aggressiveness in children , Self-perception in children , Child development , Child psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3057 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002566 , Play therapy , Aggressiveness in children , Self-perception in children , Child development , Child psychology
- Description: This thesis takes the form of an in-depth case study within which the play therapy process of an aggressive 5-year-old boy was explored. The aim of the research was to examine the abundant expressions of aggression that were present within his therapy, and in so doing reflect their rich communicative content and their relevance and purpose in the development of his Self. Object relations theory formed the lens and theoretical context for this research with Winnicott’s contributions and Parens' model of aggression being considered in particular. A detailed data resource of the therapy process was compiled and transposed into narrative form. These narratives were reviewed with a reading guide as a means to facilitate a hermeneutic exploration of the data. The emergent themes were considered against the case data and the current theory, which allowed for their further analysis and development. From this the value of using Parens’ model was considered and deemed useful although limited in its contribution. The analysis and the themes which emerged conveyed how within this case the child’s aggression presented as: a significant feature of his ambivalence towards relationships; a powerful and pervasive protective fantasy of omnipotence; inherently linked to his sense of self and self expression; and as actively involved in his True Self’s hope-filled attempts for an alternative experience. This thesis provides a descriptive account of a challenging case, offering insights into the value and meaningful content of aggressive behaviours, with the intention being to reflect that which is often not easily appreciated or readily observable within such a therapy process, a trace of hope.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A theological consideration of the office, sacrifice, ministry and perfection of Christ as high priest in the Epistle to the Hebrews, and their significance for the believer and the community of faith
- Authors: Furness, Darryl Hilary
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Jesus Christ -- Person and offices , Bible -- Hebrews -- Criticism, interpretation, etc. , Sacrifice -- Christianity
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTh
- Identifier: vital:1219 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001549
- Description: In these last days God has spoken his last and most complete word to man in a Son, Jesus Christ. In his person and ministry Christ is the agent of creation and heir of the spiritual and material estate of God. He is the locus of the fulfilment of the revelatory plan of God, and, as such, is superior to the angels, the ministers of salvation within the created order, and Moses, the faithful minister of God's people Israel. Christ not only fulfils the necessary qualification for priesthood under the old covenant, that of divine appointment, but is appointed by God a high priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek. This establishes and authenticates the high priestly office of Christ. Jesus Christ, Iike the high priests of the old covenant, must offer gifts and sacrifices to God. The sacrifice of Christ fulfils the sacrificial code of Leviticus 1-7, his sacrifice being a gift to God, communion with God, and an expiatory sacrifice. But more than this the sacrifice of Christ fulfils the Day of Atonement ritual of Leviticus 16 as well as the covenant sacrifice of Exodus 24. The sacrifice of Christ is essentially once for all, being that unique action which alone can ultimately deal with sin. The uniqueness of Christ's sacrifice depends on the uniqueness of the person of Christ and his superior high priestly office. In his sacrificial action Christ is also the sin-bearer. The high priestly sacrifice of Christ determines the form of the high priestly ministry of Christ, which is also gift to God, communion with God, has expiatory significance, and is a ministry of the new covenant . The high priestly ministry of Christ is a ministry which is continuous through time and is both contemporaneous with and subsequent to his sacrifice. In this continuity through time the ministry of Christ is the foundation of both the faith of believers and their perfection as sons. In the execution of his high priestly ministry Christ is perfected by God through the learning of obedience. The humiliation of Christ and his learning of obedience becomes the foundation of the perfecting of believers. It is as the One who is perfected through suffering that Christ becomes the pioneer of salvation and the pioneer and perfecter of the faith of the people of God. Through faith in Christ the people of God constitute a pilgrim people who, on the basis of Christ's perfection, are themselves perfected and brought to glory. The pilgrim people of God share in the priesthood of Christ and constitute a priesthood of all believers. In their pilgrimage of faith they are to demonstrate their confidence, endurance, obedience, and discipline, and in their running of the race of pilgrimage are to exercise their own ministry as they progress to glory and the sabbath rest of God. The high priesthood of Christ has implications for the common life of the people of God and is at the foundation of our understanding of the Christian life.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989
- Authors: Furness, Darryl Hilary
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Jesus Christ -- Person and offices , Bible -- Hebrews -- Criticism, interpretation, etc. , Sacrifice -- Christianity
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTh
- Identifier: vital:1219 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001549
- Description: In these last days God has spoken his last and most complete word to man in a Son, Jesus Christ. In his person and ministry Christ is the agent of creation and heir of the spiritual and material estate of God. He is the locus of the fulfilment of the revelatory plan of God, and, as such, is superior to the angels, the ministers of salvation within the created order, and Moses, the faithful minister of God's people Israel. Christ not only fulfils the necessary qualification for priesthood under the old covenant, that of divine appointment, but is appointed by God a high priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek. This establishes and authenticates the high priestly office of Christ. Jesus Christ, Iike the high priests of the old covenant, must offer gifts and sacrifices to God. The sacrifice of Christ fulfils the sacrificial code of Leviticus 1-7, his sacrifice being a gift to God, communion with God, and an expiatory sacrifice. But more than this the sacrifice of Christ fulfils the Day of Atonement ritual of Leviticus 16 as well as the covenant sacrifice of Exodus 24. The sacrifice of Christ is essentially once for all, being that unique action which alone can ultimately deal with sin. The uniqueness of Christ's sacrifice depends on the uniqueness of the person of Christ and his superior high priestly office. In his sacrificial action Christ is also the sin-bearer. The high priestly sacrifice of Christ determines the form of the high priestly ministry of Christ, which is also gift to God, communion with God, has expiatory significance, and is a ministry of the new covenant . The high priestly ministry of Christ is a ministry which is continuous through time and is both contemporaneous with and subsequent to his sacrifice. In this continuity through time the ministry of Christ is the foundation of both the faith of believers and their perfection as sons. In the execution of his high priestly ministry Christ is perfected by God through the learning of obedience. The humiliation of Christ and his learning of obedience becomes the foundation of the perfecting of believers. It is as the One who is perfected through suffering that Christ becomes the pioneer of salvation and the pioneer and perfecter of the faith of the people of God. Through faith in Christ the people of God constitute a pilgrim people who, on the basis of Christ's perfection, are themselves perfected and brought to glory. The pilgrim people of God share in the priesthood of Christ and constitute a priesthood of all believers. In their pilgrimage of faith they are to demonstrate their confidence, endurance, obedience, and discipline, and in their running of the race of pilgrimage are to exercise their own ministry as they progress to glory and the sabbath rest of God. The high priesthood of Christ has implications for the common life of the people of God and is at the foundation of our understanding of the Christian life.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989
Teachers’ engagement with learners in inclusive foundation phase classrooms: a case study analysis
- Authors: Skae, Vera Astrid
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Early childhood education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Case studies , Education and state -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/92705 , vital:30722
- Description: Since 2001, South African teachers have been attempting to practise inclusive education in classrooms in ordinary, public schools. Previous research has shown the many challenges South African teachers face in our current educational environment. Strong arguments, however, have been made for more research to be done on actual teacher engagement with learners in our ordinary, public school classrooms, and the extent to which classroom practices are inclusive (Engelbrecht, Nel, Nel & Tlale, 2015, p. 3). This study sought to do an in-depth critical analysis of three foundation phase teachers and their engagement with learners in their classrooms at an Eastern Cape school. The aim was to examine how inclusive education was being enacted by the teacher with learners in real classroom settings, with particular attention paid to ways in which learners experience barriers to learning. A micro-level analysis was conducted in a single unit case study and using a qualitative research approach in an interpretive paradigm. Questionnaires, observations, and semi-structured interviews were conducted in an attempt to gather in-depth data. It was heartening to observe the extent to which inclusive education and practices were being enacted at the school and in the classrooms, and instructive in providing examples of what can work in the South African context. Key findings of this study include the generation of a framework for analysing inclusive classroom practice at the micro level. Criteria were identified as indicators of inclusive education of learners including those experiencing barriers to learning in the classroom. This study builds on and extends what has been developed at the macro and micro level of inclusive education in schools and in the classroom. It found that a number of challenges remain for enabling the implementation of an inclusive education. At the macro level, these include the provision of clear directives for implementation of inclusive education by the appropriate authorities; the provision of well-structured professional teacher training and development programmes in inclusive classroom practices, as well as in barriers to learning and how to address them; and the provision of funding for school and classroom infrastructure and resources. At the micro level, these include the successful implementation by teachers of inclusive classroom practices and the provision of the necessary support for learners experiencing barriers to learning in their classrooms, including expert personnel, resources, and assistive devices.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Skae, Vera Astrid
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Early childhood education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Case studies , Education and state -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/92705 , vital:30722
- Description: Since 2001, South African teachers have been attempting to practise inclusive education in classrooms in ordinary, public schools. Previous research has shown the many challenges South African teachers face in our current educational environment. Strong arguments, however, have been made for more research to be done on actual teacher engagement with learners in our ordinary, public school classrooms, and the extent to which classroom practices are inclusive (Engelbrecht, Nel, Nel & Tlale, 2015, p. 3). This study sought to do an in-depth critical analysis of three foundation phase teachers and their engagement with learners in their classrooms at an Eastern Cape school. The aim was to examine how inclusive education was being enacted by the teacher with learners in real classroom settings, with particular attention paid to ways in which learners experience barriers to learning. A micro-level analysis was conducted in a single unit case study and using a qualitative research approach in an interpretive paradigm. Questionnaires, observations, and semi-structured interviews were conducted in an attempt to gather in-depth data. It was heartening to observe the extent to which inclusive education and practices were being enacted at the school and in the classrooms, and instructive in providing examples of what can work in the South African context. Key findings of this study include the generation of a framework for analysing inclusive classroom practice at the micro level. Criteria were identified as indicators of inclusive education of learners including those experiencing barriers to learning in the classroom. This study builds on and extends what has been developed at the macro and micro level of inclusive education in schools and in the classroom. It found that a number of challenges remain for enabling the implementation of an inclusive education. At the macro level, these include the provision of clear directives for implementation of inclusive education by the appropriate authorities; the provision of well-structured professional teacher training and development programmes in inclusive classroom practices, as well as in barriers to learning and how to address them; and the provision of funding for school and classroom infrastructure and resources. At the micro level, these include the successful implementation by teachers of inclusive classroom practices and the provision of the necessary support for learners experiencing barriers to learning in their classrooms, including expert personnel, resources, and assistive devices.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Detached harmonies : a study in/on developing social processes of environmental education in eastern southern Africa
- Authors: O'Donoghue, Rob
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Environmental education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1939 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007726
- Description: Long-term social processes are explored to examine the shaping of environmental education in eastern southern Africa. The study opens with early Nguni social figurations when 'to conserve was to hunt.' It then examines colonial conservation on the frontiers of imperial expansion and developing struggles for and against wildlife preservation. These processes shaped an inversion of earlier harmonies as declining wildlife was protected in island sanctuaries of natural wilderness and 'to conserve was not to hunt.' Inside protected areas, conservation management struggles shaped new harmonies of interdependence in nature, enabling better steering choices in developing conservation science institutions. Here more reality congruent knowledge also revealed escalating risk which was linked to a lack of awareness amongst communities of 'others' outside. Within continuing conservation struggles, education in, about and for the environment emerged as new institutional processes of social control. The study examines wilderness experience, interpretation, extension, conservancies and the development of an environmental education field centre, a teacher education programme and a school curriculum. Naming and clarifying the emergent education game for reshaping the awareness and behaviour of others is examined within a developing figuration of environmental education specialists. Particular attention is given to academic and statutory processes shaping environmental education as a field of objective principles and rational processes within modernist continuities and discontinuities into the 1990's. An environmental education field centre, an earth-love curriculum and research on reserve neighbour interaction are examined as political sociologies developing within a declining power gradient and wide ranging socio-political change. Into the present, a final window on a local case of water pollution examines shifting relational dynamics revealing how environment and development education models of process may have little resonance amidst long-term socio-historical struggles and shifting controls over surroundings, others and self. A concluding review suggests that grounded critical processes engaging somewhat blind control over surroundings may yet reshape self-control and social control amongst others. The trajectories of these clarifying struggles must remain open-ended as sedimented myth and memory is reshaped within ongoing processes of escalating risk and global intermeshing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1997
- Authors: O'Donoghue, Rob
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Environmental education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1939 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007726
- Description: Long-term social processes are explored to examine the shaping of environmental education in eastern southern Africa. The study opens with early Nguni social figurations when 'to conserve was to hunt.' It then examines colonial conservation on the frontiers of imperial expansion and developing struggles for and against wildlife preservation. These processes shaped an inversion of earlier harmonies as declining wildlife was protected in island sanctuaries of natural wilderness and 'to conserve was not to hunt.' Inside protected areas, conservation management struggles shaped new harmonies of interdependence in nature, enabling better steering choices in developing conservation science institutions. Here more reality congruent knowledge also revealed escalating risk which was linked to a lack of awareness amongst communities of 'others' outside. Within continuing conservation struggles, education in, about and for the environment emerged as new institutional processes of social control. The study examines wilderness experience, interpretation, extension, conservancies and the development of an environmental education field centre, a teacher education programme and a school curriculum. Naming and clarifying the emergent education game for reshaping the awareness and behaviour of others is examined within a developing figuration of environmental education specialists. Particular attention is given to academic and statutory processes shaping environmental education as a field of objective principles and rational processes within modernist continuities and discontinuities into the 1990's. An environmental education field centre, an earth-love curriculum and research on reserve neighbour interaction are examined as political sociologies developing within a declining power gradient and wide ranging socio-political change. Into the present, a final window on a local case of water pollution examines shifting relational dynamics revealing how environment and development education models of process may have little resonance amidst long-term socio-historical struggles and shifting controls over surroundings, others and self. A concluding review suggests that grounded critical processes engaging somewhat blind control over surroundings may yet reshape self-control and social control amongst others. The trajectories of these clarifying struggles must remain open-ended as sedimented myth and memory is reshaped within ongoing processes of escalating risk and global intermeshing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1997
Microalgal-bacterial flocs and extracellular polymeric substances for optimum function of integrated algal pond systems
- Authors: Jimoh, Taobat Adekilekun
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Flocculation , Extracellular polymeric substances , Water Purification , Sewage Purification Anaerobic treatment , Integrated algae pond systems (IAPS) , Microalgal-bacterial flocs
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191214 , vital:45071 , 10.21504/10962/191214
- Description: Despite the dire state of sanitation infrastructures, water scarcity, and the dwindling reserve of natural resources due to ever-increasing population growth, implementation of a suitable technology that can provide a solution to all these issues continues to be ignored. The integrated algal pond system (IAPS) is a wastewater treatment technology that combines the processes of anaerobic digestion and photosynthetic oxygenation to achieve wastewater treatment and facilitate the recovery of treated water and resources in the form of biogas and microalgal-bacterial biomass. The natural process of bioflocculation through microalgal-bacterial mutualism and production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in high rate algal oxidation ponds (HRAOPs) of an IAPS increases efficiency of wastewater treatment and potentially enhances harvestability and biomass recovery, which could contribute significantly to the successful establishment of a biorefinery. Using a 500 PE pilot-scale IAPS supplied domestic sewage coupled with laboratory experiments, this study investigated the importance and function of in situ EPS production and MaB-floc formation in HRAOP. A metagenomic study revealed the biological components of the biomass or mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) produced in HRAOP and showed that the suspended biomass is composed largely of eukaryotes that were dominated by the colonial microalgae Pseudopediastrum sp. and Desmodesmus sp., and a diverse range of prokaryotes including bacteria and cyanobacteria. Dominance, within the bacterial population, by a sulphur-oxidizing bacterium, Thiothrix which comprised up to 80% of the prokaryotes, coincided with a period of poor flocculation and was therefore rationalized to have contributed to bulking and poor biomass settleability. Otherwise, good flocs were formed in the MLSS with settleability up to 95% and, within 1 h. The formation of MaB-flocs appeared to be dependent on EPS concentration of the mixed liquor due to the observed positive correlation between soluble EPS (S-EPS), biomass concentration, and settleability. The contribution and role of MLSS components towards the formation and sustenance of MaB-flocs were further demonstrated in laboratory experiments using pure strains of microalgae, cyanobacteria, and bacteria. Results showed that pure cultures of dominant microalgae in MLSS, Pseudopediastrum sp. and Desmodesmus sp. achieved a rapid 92 and 75% settleability within 3 h. A self-flocculating filamentous cyanobacterium, Leptolyngbya strain ECCN 20BG was isolated, characterized, and shown to achieve 99% settleability within 5 min by forming large tightly aggregated flocs. In further experiments, this strain was found to improve the settleability of MLSS by an average of 20%. Bacterial strains identified as Bacillus strain ECCN 40b, Bacillus strain ECCN 41b, Planococcus strain ECCN 45b, and Exiguobacterium strain ECCN 46b were also observed to produce sticky EPS-like materials in pure cultures that could also contribute to the aggregation of cells in a mixed environment. Given these results, various factors and/or mechanisms that might enhance microbial aggregation and biomass recovery from HRAOP MLSS were identified in this study and include; (1) dominance by larger colonial microalgae prevents disintegration of MaB-flocs and enhances recovery of biomass from MLSS by gravity sedimentation, (2) presence of filamentous cyanobacteria species that can self-flocculate to form an interwoven network of filaments may play an important role in the structural stability and settleability of MaB-flocs in MLSS, and (3) production of EPS to form the matrix or scaffold whereon all microbial components aggregate to develop a microenvironment. Indeed, all forms of EPS, except for that produced by Bacillus strain ECCN 41b, showed bioflocculating property and were able to serve as flocculants for the recovery of Chlorella, an alga known for its poor settleability. A combination of biochemical analyses and FTIR spectroscopy revealed the importance of carbohydrate enrichment of these biopolymers. Carbohydrate concentration in all forms of EPS was between 12 and 41% suggesting that production of these compounds by microbes within the MLSS contributed to MaB-floc formation. EPS extracted from bulk MLSS and EPS produced by Bacillus strains possessed some surface-active properties that were comparable to Triton X-100, indicating potential application in bioremediation and recovery of oil from contaminated soil and water. In particular, EPS generated from Bacillus strain ECCN 41b displayed relatively distinct properties including the quantity produced (> 500 mg/L), increased viscosity, inability to flocculate microalgal cells, a rhamnolipid content of 32%, and a higher surface-activity. Based on these results, Bacillus strain ECCN 41b was rationalized to produce anionic EPS with potential application in metal or oil recovery. In addition to EPS production, the bacteria Planococcus strain ECCN 45b and Exiguobacterium strain ECCN 46b appeared pigmented. Based on partial characterization using UV/Vis spectrophotometry, thin-layer chromatography, FTIR, and NMR, the pigments produced by these two strains appeared to be identical and were tentatively identified as ketocarotenoids. This study successfully demonstrated the importance of EPS production and formation of MaB-flocs in the MLSS from HRAOP of an IAPS treating domestic sewage. It is evident that increased settleability of the biomass does contribute to the reported efficiency of wastewater treatment by IAPS and would reduce both total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In addition, demonstration that this biomass contains products of value such as carotenoids and EPS with potential for commercial use strengthens the idea of using IAPS as a platform technology for innovation of the wastewater treatment process to a biorefinery. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
- Authors: Jimoh, Taobat Adekilekun
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Flocculation , Extracellular polymeric substances , Water Purification , Sewage Purification Anaerobic treatment , Integrated algae pond systems (IAPS) , Microalgal-bacterial flocs
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191214 , vital:45071 , 10.21504/10962/191214
- Description: Despite the dire state of sanitation infrastructures, water scarcity, and the dwindling reserve of natural resources due to ever-increasing population growth, implementation of a suitable technology that can provide a solution to all these issues continues to be ignored. The integrated algal pond system (IAPS) is a wastewater treatment technology that combines the processes of anaerobic digestion and photosynthetic oxygenation to achieve wastewater treatment and facilitate the recovery of treated water and resources in the form of biogas and microalgal-bacterial biomass. The natural process of bioflocculation through microalgal-bacterial mutualism and production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in high rate algal oxidation ponds (HRAOPs) of an IAPS increases efficiency of wastewater treatment and potentially enhances harvestability and biomass recovery, which could contribute significantly to the successful establishment of a biorefinery. Using a 500 PE pilot-scale IAPS supplied domestic sewage coupled with laboratory experiments, this study investigated the importance and function of in situ EPS production and MaB-floc formation in HRAOP. A metagenomic study revealed the biological components of the biomass or mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) produced in HRAOP and showed that the suspended biomass is composed largely of eukaryotes that were dominated by the colonial microalgae Pseudopediastrum sp. and Desmodesmus sp., and a diverse range of prokaryotes including bacteria and cyanobacteria. Dominance, within the bacterial population, by a sulphur-oxidizing bacterium, Thiothrix which comprised up to 80% of the prokaryotes, coincided with a period of poor flocculation and was therefore rationalized to have contributed to bulking and poor biomass settleability. Otherwise, good flocs were formed in the MLSS with settleability up to 95% and, within 1 h. The formation of MaB-flocs appeared to be dependent on EPS concentration of the mixed liquor due to the observed positive correlation between soluble EPS (S-EPS), biomass concentration, and settleability. The contribution and role of MLSS components towards the formation and sustenance of MaB-flocs were further demonstrated in laboratory experiments using pure strains of microalgae, cyanobacteria, and bacteria. Results showed that pure cultures of dominant microalgae in MLSS, Pseudopediastrum sp. and Desmodesmus sp. achieved a rapid 92 and 75% settleability within 3 h. A self-flocculating filamentous cyanobacterium, Leptolyngbya strain ECCN 20BG was isolated, characterized, and shown to achieve 99% settleability within 5 min by forming large tightly aggregated flocs. In further experiments, this strain was found to improve the settleability of MLSS by an average of 20%. Bacterial strains identified as Bacillus strain ECCN 40b, Bacillus strain ECCN 41b, Planococcus strain ECCN 45b, and Exiguobacterium strain ECCN 46b were also observed to produce sticky EPS-like materials in pure cultures that could also contribute to the aggregation of cells in a mixed environment. Given these results, various factors and/or mechanisms that might enhance microbial aggregation and biomass recovery from HRAOP MLSS were identified in this study and include; (1) dominance by larger colonial microalgae prevents disintegration of MaB-flocs and enhances recovery of biomass from MLSS by gravity sedimentation, (2) presence of filamentous cyanobacteria species that can self-flocculate to form an interwoven network of filaments may play an important role in the structural stability and settleability of MaB-flocs in MLSS, and (3) production of EPS to form the matrix or scaffold whereon all microbial components aggregate to develop a microenvironment. Indeed, all forms of EPS, except for that produced by Bacillus strain ECCN 41b, showed bioflocculating property and were able to serve as flocculants for the recovery of Chlorella, an alga known for its poor settleability. A combination of biochemical analyses and FTIR spectroscopy revealed the importance of carbohydrate enrichment of these biopolymers. Carbohydrate concentration in all forms of EPS was between 12 and 41% suggesting that production of these compounds by microbes within the MLSS contributed to MaB-floc formation. EPS extracted from bulk MLSS and EPS produced by Bacillus strains possessed some surface-active properties that were comparable to Triton X-100, indicating potential application in bioremediation and recovery of oil from contaminated soil and water. In particular, EPS generated from Bacillus strain ECCN 41b displayed relatively distinct properties including the quantity produced (> 500 mg/L), increased viscosity, inability to flocculate microalgal cells, a rhamnolipid content of 32%, and a higher surface-activity. Based on these results, Bacillus strain ECCN 41b was rationalized to produce anionic EPS with potential application in metal or oil recovery. In addition to EPS production, the bacteria Planococcus strain ECCN 45b and Exiguobacterium strain ECCN 46b appeared pigmented. Based on partial characterization using UV/Vis spectrophotometry, thin-layer chromatography, FTIR, and NMR, the pigments produced by these two strains appeared to be identical and were tentatively identified as ketocarotenoids. This study successfully demonstrated the importance of EPS production and formation of MaB-flocs in the MLSS from HRAOP of an IAPS treating domestic sewage. It is evident that increased settleability of the biomass does contribute to the reported efficiency of wastewater treatment by IAPS and would reduce both total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In addition, demonstration that this biomass contains products of value such as carotenoids and EPS with potential for commercial use strengthens the idea of using IAPS as a platform technology for innovation of the wastewater treatment process to a biorefinery. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
An historical perspective of income tax legislation in South Africa, 1910 to 1925
- Authors: Surtees, Peter Geoffrey
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Income tax -- South Africa , Income tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Income tax -- South Africa -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:898 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004578 , Income tax -- South Africa , Income tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Income tax -- South Africa -- History
- Description: From Introduction: This work considers the period from Union, 31 May 1910 until promulgation of the Income Tax Act No. 40 of 1925.(1) It will describe the means, both financial and otherwise, by which the fledgling Government of the Union of South Africa contrived to balance its budget, and will consider the various sources of revenue available up to 1914, when the Government of Gen. Louis Botha first decided that a tax on income was necessary in order to maintain the solvency of the new State. Similarly the political pressures which shaped the nature of the Income Tax Acts up to 1925 will be discussed, and the political principles (or expediencies, depending on the degree of cynicism of the reader) which led the parties in power from time to time to make the decisions they did regarding the provisions of the various Acts. The effect of external political situations such as the Great War of 1914 - 1918 will be examined, as will the consequences of the rebellion of 1914 and the strikes of 1913 and 1922. The legislation predictably spawned a considerable body of litigation as taxpayers hastened to find and exploit loopholes in it; the resultant Income Tax Cases, in the Income Tax Special Court, Supreme Court and Appeal Court, formed the embryo of a body of judicial precedent which today encompasses some two thousand case reports. A few of the cases decided in the period up to 1925 are still quoted today; for example, CIR v Lunnon 1924 AD 1 SATC 7. The relevant cases from the period will enjoy consideration, with descriptions of how their verdicts affected either subsequent income tax principles or later legislation. Also considered will be the inception during this period of the way in which income tax legislation largely develops: the legislature promulgates an Act, the taxpayers discover legitimate ways to reduce their tax burden and the Minister of Finance consequently causes the Act to be changed in order to protect the tax base. Thereupon the resolute taxpayers seek loopholes anew. The effect of economic conditions on income tax legislation will engage attention; several such conditions cast their shadows into the House of Assembly during that 15 year period, notably the post-war recession and the drought of 1919. The selection of this period is apposite for several reasons: it covers the period during which income tax legislation came into being; - it includes several notable political occurrences. thus making possible a consideration of their effect on income tax legislation; it includes a natural cataclysm. namely a major drought. which also had an effect on subsequent Income Tax Acts; - a sufficient number of income tax cases was heard during the period to afford a fair indication both of how the body of case law would develop and how it would perpetually interplay with the legislation; it clearly illustrates the differences between the two great political parties of the time, differences largely caused by the vested interests of each; the dominant South African Party, with its need to retain the support of the commercial and particularly the mining sectors, and the smaller but even then growing National Party with its face set firmly towards the rural constituencies and the embattled farmers; - the period culminates in the Income Tax Act of 1925, a significant change from its predecessors, and the second Income Tax Act of the Pact Government. The imposition of taxes by the respective provinces does not form part of this work, as the scope of the discussion is limited to the various Income Tax Acts, and their development has been overseen by the central government.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Surtees, Peter Geoffrey
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Income tax -- South Africa , Income tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Income tax -- South Africa -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:898 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004578 , Income tax -- South Africa , Income tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Income tax -- South Africa -- History
- Description: From Introduction: This work considers the period from Union, 31 May 1910 until promulgation of the Income Tax Act No. 40 of 1925.(1) It will describe the means, both financial and otherwise, by which the fledgling Government of the Union of South Africa contrived to balance its budget, and will consider the various sources of revenue available up to 1914, when the Government of Gen. Louis Botha first decided that a tax on income was necessary in order to maintain the solvency of the new State. Similarly the political pressures which shaped the nature of the Income Tax Acts up to 1925 will be discussed, and the political principles (or expediencies, depending on the degree of cynicism of the reader) which led the parties in power from time to time to make the decisions they did regarding the provisions of the various Acts. The effect of external political situations such as the Great War of 1914 - 1918 will be examined, as will the consequences of the rebellion of 1914 and the strikes of 1913 and 1922. The legislation predictably spawned a considerable body of litigation as taxpayers hastened to find and exploit loopholes in it; the resultant Income Tax Cases, in the Income Tax Special Court, Supreme Court and Appeal Court, formed the embryo of a body of judicial precedent which today encompasses some two thousand case reports. A few of the cases decided in the period up to 1925 are still quoted today; for example, CIR v Lunnon 1924 AD 1 SATC 7. The relevant cases from the period will enjoy consideration, with descriptions of how their verdicts affected either subsequent income tax principles or later legislation. Also considered will be the inception during this period of the way in which income tax legislation largely develops: the legislature promulgates an Act, the taxpayers discover legitimate ways to reduce their tax burden and the Minister of Finance consequently causes the Act to be changed in order to protect the tax base. Thereupon the resolute taxpayers seek loopholes anew. The effect of economic conditions on income tax legislation will engage attention; several such conditions cast their shadows into the House of Assembly during that 15 year period, notably the post-war recession and the drought of 1919. The selection of this period is apposite for several reasons: it covers the period during which income tax legislation came into being; - it includes several notable political occurrences. thus making possible a consideration of their effect on income tax legislation; it includes a natural cataclysm. namely a major drought. which also had an effect on subsequent Income Tax Acts; - a sufficient number of income tax cases was heard during the period to afford a fair indication both of how the body of case law would develop and how it would perpetually interplay with the legislation; it clearly illustrates the differences between the two great political parties of the time, differences largely caused by the vested interests of each; the dominant South African Party, with its need to retain the support of the commercial and particularly the mining sectors, and the smaller but even then growing National Party with its face set firmly towards the rural constituencies and the embattled farmers; - the period culminates in the Income Tax Act of 1925, a significant change from its predecessors, and the second Income Tax Act of the Pact Government. The imposition of taxes by the respective provinces does not form part of this work, as the scope of the discussion is limited to the various Income Tax Acts, and their development has been overseen by the central government.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
The growth of flue-cured tobacco in acid soils
- Authors: Ryding, William Wallace
- Date: 1969
- Subjects: Flue-cured tobacco -- Zimbabwe , Acid soils -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4495 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013110
- Description: The main effects of lime, aluminium, iron and manganese were studied in field and greenhouse grown tobacco; relations between soil and plant measurements were examined. Ground limestone, ground mixed lime, ground dolomite and slaked lime at rates equivalent to 1,000 and 2,000 lb. CaC0₃/acre increased yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco both on Triassic and granite sands, whether applied early (February/March) or late (September); the highest rate and late application were often best. Yields increased with 4,000 and 6,000 lb. dolomite/acre applied late, but quality decreased when the pH was about 6.0. Lime did not affect leaf maturity as reflected by nitrogen and reducing sugars concentration . Where leaf discolouration (slate) occurred, the best quality and least discoloured leaf had the lowest manganese concentration and was grown on limed soil. On a very acid and probably nitrogen deficient soil, lime, borax and nitrogen (nitrate only tested) reduced the discolouration and improved the quality, but potassium sulphate increased discolouration and decreased quality. Calcium concentration in the leaf was increased by lime, particularly calcitic materials, and magnesium concentration was increased by dolomite. Lime also increased the filling value and petroleum ether extract, but decreased manganese, boron, chloride and sometimes potassium, and had no effect on phosphorus, nitrogen, aluminium, iron, crude fibre, nicotine, reducing sugars and equilibrium moisture. The inorganic composition of greenhouse plants was similar; generally gypsum increased calcium concentration more than calcium carbonate but it did not affect manganese concentration, which was decreased by calcium carbonate. In the stem and roots of field grown plants (dolomite only tested), the concentration of magnesium was increased but the concentrations of calcium, potassium, aluminium and iron were unaffected. Although the concentration of nitrogen was increased and that of phosphorus was decreased in the stem, these were unaffected in the roots. Aluminium and iron behaved differently to other nutrient ions, being more concentrated in the roots than aerial plant parts. Boron and magnesium deficiencies were observed in a dry and wet year, respectively, suggesting that variable mineral deficiencies can affect responses to lime. Initially soil pH was affected more by source of lime, but later mostly by rates. Slaked lime increased the soil pH more than did ground limestone, mixed lime or dolomite. In a glasshouse experiment, pH was more important than calcium supply and in the field, the largest yields were often associated with the highest pH. In pot experiments, aluminium drastically reduced yields in nutrient solution but not in soils, whereas iron was more severe in soils; manganese had little effect on yield. Manganese was readily taken up and translocated to the tops, but aluminium and iron were mainly concentrated in the roots, as was found in field grown plants. Iron decreased manganese concentration in all plant parts and aluminium decreased calcium and manganese in nutrient solution only. Although aluminium and iron generally increased the concentration of phosphorus in the roots, they did not interfere with phosphorus transport in the plant. Manganese caused the leaf to become chlorotic and when no iron was present the upper leaves became yellow, and developed brown and white lesions. However, in soil grown plants, sufficient iron was present in the soil solution to prevent break down of tissue. Yellowing of the upper leaves also occurred when plants were grown in nutrient solution with aluminium and no iron; when both were present, the plants were darker in colour. Although aluminium damaged roots in nutrient solution, high rates of iron severely damaged leaves of plants grown in soil. Since the concentrations of aluminium, iron and manganese were decreased in the soil solution by liming, they were compared with plant growth and composition in 17 different soils, with and without lime. As was expected, lime increased soil pH. It also increased exchangeable calcium, but decreased exchangeable aluminium, iron and manganese; exchangeable magnesium and potassium and resin extractable phosphorus were not affected. As the Ratio Law does not hold for all Rhodesian soils, anion adsorption will be avoided if the soils are equilibrated with O.OOOSM CaC1₂; the concentrations of the cations in solution were affected in the same way as exchangeable cations, but phosphorus was increased. There was no relationship between yield of tobacco and its chemical composition. The correlations between soil solution data and plant composition were poor, except for manganese and phosphorus; the relation between Mn ppm. in plant vsa (superscript)Mn/a (superscript)Ca + Mg (enclosed in square root sign √) in solution, and P% vs pH₂ P0₄ or pH₂ P0₄ +½ pCa, were both curvilinear. On the other hand, all measurements of exchangeable cations were poorly correlated with plant composition. Finally yield was poorly correlated with soil solution data, and pH was as satisfactory as any other measurement tested. Manganese toxicity was observed on three soils, and a probable manganese deficiency on one. It was not possible to define a limit above which manganese toxicity occurred, but manganese deficiency developed at about 63 ppm. manganese. Variations in pH and the availability of aluminium, iron and manganese occurred when soils were incubated at about field capacity, generally the main effects having developed within seven days. In all soils, there was an initial increase in soil pH and a maximum value was reached in one to four days, decreasing by variable amounts with longer periods of incubation. Although the concentration of aluminium was larger than that of iron, the relation between both ions and soil pH was curvilinear, their concentrations increasing with decreasing pH. Increased temperature of incubation increased pH with a resultant decrease in the concentration of aluminium, but in one soil it appreciably increased the availability of iron in the early periods of incubation. Autumn and spring ploughing did not affect subsequent pH or the concentration of aluminium and iron in the soil solution. Manganese concentration varied from soil to soil and was not related to soil pH. In most soils there was a decrease in manganese concentration with length of incubation and it decreased more rapidly the lower the initial concentration. Temperature effects were variable and moisture affected the behaviour of manganese more than temperature. These findings and the distribution of aluminium, iron and manganese in the plant helped to explain the poor correlations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969
- Authors: Ryding, William Wallace
- Date: 1969
- Subjects: Flue-cured tobacco -- Zimbabwe , Acid soils -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4495 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013110
- Description: The main effects of lime, aluminium, iron and manganese were studied in field and greenhouse grown tobacco; relations between soil and plant measurements were examined. Ground limestone, ground mixed lime, ground dolomite and slaked lime at rates equivalent to 1,000 and 2,000 lb. CaC0₃/acre increased yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco both on Triassic and granite sands, whether applied early (February/March) or late (September); the highest rate and late application were often best. Yields increased with 4,000 and 6,000 lb. dolomite/acre applied late, but quality decreased when the pH was about 6.0. Lime did not affect leaf maturity as reflected by nitrogen and reducing sugars concentration . Where leaf discolouration (slate) occurred, the best quality and least discoloured leaf had the lowest manganese concentration and was grown on limed soil. On a very acid and probably nitrogen deficient soil, lime, borax and nitrogen (nitrate only tested) reduced the discolouration and improved the quality, but potassium sulphate increased discolouration and decreased quality. Calcium concentration in the leaf was increased by lime, particularly calcitic materials, and magnesium concentration was increased by dolomite. Lime also increased the filling value and petroleum ether extract, but decreased manganese, boron, chloride and sometimes potassium, and had no effect on phosphorus, nitrogen, aluminium, iron, crude fibre, nicotine, reducing sugars and equilibrium moisture. The inorganic composition of greenhouse plants was similar; generally gypsum increased calcium concentration more than calcium carbonate but it did not affect manganese concentration, which was decreased by calcium carbonate. In the stem and roots of field grown plants (dolomite only tested), the concentration of magnesium was increased but the concentrations of calcium, potassium, aluminium and iron were unaffected. Although the concentration of nitrogen was increased and that of phosphorus was decreased in the stem, these were unaffected in the roots. Aluminium and iron behaved differently to other nutrient ions, being more concentrated in the roots than aerial plant parts. Boron and magnesium deficiencies were observed in a dry and wet year, respectively, suggesting that variable mineral deficiencies can affect responses to lime. Initially soil pH was affected more by source of lime, but later mostly by rates. Slaked lime increased the soil pH more than did ground limestone, mixed lime or dolomite. In a glasshouse experiment, pH was more important than calcium supply and in the field, the largest yields were often associated with the highest pH. In pot experiments, aluminium drastically reduced yields in nutrient solution but not in soils, whereas iron was more severe in soils; manganese had little effect on yield. Manganese was readily taken up and translocated to the tops, but aluminium and iron were mainly concentrated in the roots, as was found in field grown plants. Iron decreased manganese concentration in all plant parts and aluminium decreased calcium and manganese in nutrient solution only. Although aluminium and iron generally increased the concentration of phosphorus in the roots, they did not interfere with phosphorus transport in the plant. Manganese caused the leaf to become chlorotic and when no iron was present the upper leaves became yellow, and developed brown and white lesions. However, in soil grown plants, sufficient iron was present in the soil solution to prevent break down of tissue. Yellowing of the upper leaves also occurred when plants were grown in nutrient solution with aluminium and no iron; when both were present, the plants were darker in colour. Although aluminium damaged roots in nutrient solution, high rates of iron severely damaged leaves of plants grown in soil. Since the concentrations of aluminium, iron and manganese were decreased in the soil solution by liming, they were compared with plant growth and composition in 17 different soils, with and without lime. As was expected, lime increased soil pH. It also increased exchangeable calcium, but decreased exchangeable aluminium, iron and manganese; exchangeable magnesium and potassium and resin extractable phosphorus were not affected. As the Ratio Law does not hold for all Rhodesian soils, anion adsorption will be avoided if the soils are equilibrated with O.OOOSM CaC1₂; the concentrations of the cations in solution were affected in the same way as exchangeable cations, but phosphorus was increased. There was no relationship between yield of tobacco and its chemical composition. The correlations between soil solution data and plant composition were poor, except for manganese and phosphorus; the relation between Mn ppm. in plant vsa (superscript)Mn/a (superscript)Ca + Mg (enclosed in square root sign √) in solution, and P% vs pH₂ P0₄ or pH₂ P0₄ +½ pCa, were both curvilinear. On the other hand, all measurements of exchangeable cations were poorly correlated with plant composition. Finally yield was poorly correlated with soil solution data, and pH was as satisfactory as any other measurement tested. Manganese toxicity was observed on three soils, and a probable manganese deficiency on one. It was not possible to define a limit above which manganese toxicity occurred, but manganese deficiency developed at about 63 ppm. manganese. Variations in pH and the availability of aluminium, iron and manganese occurred when soils were incubated at about field capacity, generally the main effects having developed within seven days. In all soils, there was an initial increase in soil pH and a maximum value was reached in one to four days, decreasing by variable amounts with longer periods of incubation. Although the concentration of aluminium was larger than that of iron, the relation between both ions and soil pH was curvilinear, their concentrations increasing with decreasing pH. Increased temperature of incubation increased pH with a resultant decrease in the concentration of aluminium, but in one soil it appreciably increased the availability of iron in the early periods of incubation. Autumn and spring ploughing did not affect subsequent pH or the concentration of aluminium and iron in the soil solution. Manganese concentration varied from soil to soil and was not related to soil pH. In most soils there was a decrease in manganese concentration with length of incubation and it decreased more rapidly the lower the initial concentration. Temperature effects were variable and moisture affected the behaviour of manganese more than temperature. These findings and the distribution of aluminium, iron and manganese in the plant helped to explain the poor correlations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969
Message to be broadcast over the SABC by the Vice-Chancellor on plans and prospects for Rhodes University in 1981
- Authors: Henderson, Derek Scott
- Date: 1981
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:7444 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018321
- Description: The year 1980 has been a good one for Rhodes University, both academically and financially. In the academic sphere, the University launched the M.Sc degree course in Limnology and there have been extensions to the courses offered in African History and in English in Africa. The major development, however, has been the establishment of two new chairs - one in Electronics and the other in English-Second- Language, endowed respectively by Federale Electronics and the Molteno Brothers' Trust.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1981
- Authors: Henderson, Derek Scott
- Date: 1981
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:7444 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018321
- Description: The year 1980 has been a good one for Rhodes University, both academically and financially. In the academic sphere, the University launched the M.Sc degree course in Limnology and there have been extensions to the courses offered in African History and in English in Africa. The major development, however, has been the establishment of two new chairs - one in Electronics and the other in English-Second- Language, endowed respectively by Federale Electronics and the Molteno Brothers' Trust.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1981
A study of the vegetation of the Andries Vosloo Kudu Reserve, Cape Provice
- Authors: Palmer, Anthony Riordan
- Date: 1981 , 2013-04-18
- Subjects: Botany -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Lubke, R.A.
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4244 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007284 , Botany -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The plant communities of the Andries Vosloo Kudu Reserve (6493 ha.; Acocks's Valley Bushveld) are classified using the Braun-Blanquet phytosociological technique. A checklist of the flowering plants is presented. The flora of the reserve displays an affinity to five phytochoria (Capensis, Karoo-Namib, Sudano-Zambezian, Afro-montane and Indian Ocean Coastal Belt 1, of which the Karoo-Namib and Indian Ocean Coastal Belt are the most extensive. The flora of the Valley Bushveld is regarded as adequately conserved, but a recommendation is made to consolidate the study area with adjacent farms. A small herbarium, containing specimens of all species listed in the checklist, has been established. The climate of the study area is classified according to the Koppen classification as Cfa. Simultaneous air temperature recording at four separate localities demonstrated that differences exist between local ities of marginally different altitude, aspect and slope. The phenology of 51 plant species, recorded at monthly intervals over a continuous period of 478 days, is presented. These species are classified according to their response to air temperature and rainfall for the initiation of new growth, flowering and fruiting. Species exhibited a spectrum of responses ranging from endogenous to exogenous control over phenological events. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1981
- Authors: Palmer, Anthony Riordan
- Date: 1981 , 2013-04-18
- Subjects: Botany -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Lubke, R.A.
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4244 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007284 , Botany -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The plant communities of the Andries Vosloo Kudu Reserve (6493 ha.; Acocks's Valley Bushveld) are classified using the Braun-Blanquet phytosociological technique. A checklist of the flowering plants is presented. The flora of the reserve displays an affinity to five phytochoria (Capensis, Karoo-Namib, Sudano-Zambezian, Afro-montane and Indian Ocean Coastal Belt 1, of which the Karoo-Namib and Indian Ocean Coastal Belt are the most extensive. The flora of the Valley Bushveld is regarded as adequately conserved, but a recommendation is made to consolidate the study area with adjacent farms. A small herbarium, containing specimens of all species listed in the checklist, has been established. The climate of the study area is classified according to the Koppen classification as Cfa. Simultaneous air temperature recording at four separate localities demonstrated that differences exist between local ities of marginally different altitude, aspect and slope. The phenology of 51 plant species, recorded at monthly intervals over a continuous period of 478 days, is presented. These species are classified according to their response to air temperature and rainfall for the initiation of new growth, flowering and fruiting. Species exhibited a spectrum of responses ranging from endogenous to exogenous control over phenological events. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1981
Address at Biko Foundation Launch of Book: 'Black Man You Are on Your Own'
- Authors: Badat, Saleem
- Date: 2010-11-10
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:7772 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015927
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-11-10
- Authors: Badat, Saleem
- Date: 2010-11-10
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:7772 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015927
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-11-10
Trials and triumphs in public office: the life and work of E J N Mabuza
- Authors: Sarimana, Ashley
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Mabuza, E J (Enos John), 1939- Public officers -- South Africa South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century South Africa -- History -- 20th century South Africa -- Social conditions -- 20th century Homelands (South Africa) -- Politics and government -- 20th century Homelands (South Africa) -- History -- 20th century Homelands (South Africa) -- Social conditions -- 20th century Apartheid -- South Africa South Africa -- Race relations Actor-network theory
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3305 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003093
- Description: Enos John Nganani Mabuza's life and work is used as a case study to highlight the conceptual and methodological theories and challenges in academic biographical writing regarding history, memory and legacies. This thesis answers the question: Who was Mabuza and what is his place or relevance in South Africa's history? We over-simplify and stereotype people because it is convenient. We judge others but there is no saint without a past or a sinner without a future. Mabuza reconciled with the main liberation movements and moved from a maligned position on the political fringes to a respectable one within the emerging black economic elite. History, like reference systems and values is not calcified or static. It is prone to interpretation, adaptation, modification, invention, manipulation, decomposition and re-composition. Bourdieu's habitus-field analysis, theory or logic of practice, notions of capital (symbolic, political, social, cultural and economic) is used together with Latour's actor-network theory as the basis of analysis of the social contracts and trust bonds that Mabuza was able to create and which enabled him to navigate South Africa's socio-political and economic milieus during apartheid and the transition in the early 1990s. As people or actors, we believe in the mantra, nothing ventured, nothing gained. We exercise agency and take risks every day. We make choices and those choices have consequences. Mabuza's choices in the fields of education, politics and business had implications for how he is perceived or has been written into history. His choices put notions of identity, citizenship, power, legitimacy, ambition, elite accommodation, class, personal and professional networks, popular struggles, agency and structure under the spotlight. Mabuza's involvement in Bantustan politics, for instance, is contextualised in terms of a historical overview of the unpopular role played by traditional authorities in South Africa before and during colonialism and apartheid. His later foray into the world of business, however, was facilitated in part, by the personal and professional contacts that he made whilst he was in politics and the opportunities which opened up during the country's political transition. Mabuza adapted to changing circumstances and demonstrated a level of versatility which other Bantustan functionaries did not or could not exercise.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Sarimana, Ashley
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Mabuza, E J (Enos John), 1939- Public officers -- South Africa South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century South Africa -- History -- 20th century South Africa -- Social conditions -- 20th century Homelands (South Africa) -- Politics and government -- 20th century Homelands (South Africa) -- History -- 20th century Homelands (South Africa) -- Social conditions -- 20th century Apartheid -- South Africa South Africa -- Race relations Actor-network theory
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3305 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003093
- Description: Enos John Nganani Mabuza's life and work is used as a case study to highlight the conceptual and methodological theories and challenges in academic biographical writing regarding history, memory and legacies. This thesis answers the question: Who was Mabuza and what is his place or relevance in South Africa's history? We over-simplify and stereotype people because it is convenient. We judge others but there is no saint without a past or a sinner without a future. Mabuza reconciled with the main liberation movements and moved from a maligned position on the political fringes to a respectable one within the emerging black economic elite. History, like reference systems and values is not calcified or static. It is prone to interpretation, adaptation, modification, invention, manipulation, decomposition and re-composition. Bourdieu's habitus-field analysis, theory or logic of practice, notions of capital (symbolic, political, social, cultural and economic) is used together with Latour's actor-network theory as the basis of analysis of the social contracts and trust bonds that Mabuza was able to create and which enabled him to navigate South Africa's socio-political and economic milieus during apartheid and the transition in the early 1990s. As people or actors, we believe in the mantra, nothing ventured, nothing gained. We exercise agency and take risks every day. We make choices and those choices have consequences. Mabuza's choices in the fields of education, politics and business had implications for how he is perceived or has been written into history. His choices put notions of identity, citizenship, power, legitimacy, ambition, elite accommodation, class, personal and professional networks, popular struggles, agency and structure under the spotlight. Mabuza's involvement in Bantustan politics, for instance, is contextualised in terms of a historical overview of the unpopular role played by traditional authorities in South Africa before and during colonialism and apartheid. His later foray into the world of business, however, was facilitated in part, by the personal and professional contacts that he made whilst he was in politics and the opportunities which opened up during the country's political transition. Mabuza adapted to changing circumstances and demonstrated a level of versatility which other Bantustan functionaries did not or could not exercise.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
A geographical study of the Cape Midlands and Eastern Karoo area with reference to the physiography and elements of land use
- Authors: Badenhorst, J J
- Date: 1969 , 2013-11-14
- Subjects: Land use -- South Africa , Geomorphology -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4867 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007581 , Land use -- South Africa , Geomorphology -- South Africa
- Description: The subject has been approached in the conventional geographic manner in successive chapters, Relief, Geology, Soil, Climate, etc. In practice, the relationship between geographic factors and land use is so close that it is usually very difficult to separate the one from the other. When there is any reference to a specific relationship in any chapter, it must be borne in mind that one must always take the other geographic factors into account. In this study the stress falls on an evaluation of the present land use. Even if there is no recommendation regarding the way in which the land should be used, this survey can still be used as the basis for future planning. Intro. p.viii , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969
- Authors: Badenhorst, J J
- Date: 1969 , 2013-11-14
- Subjects: Land use -- South Africa , Geomorphology -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4867 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007581 , Land use -- South Africa , Geomorphology -- South Africa
- Description: The subject has been approached in the conventional geographic manner in successive chapters, Relief, Geology, Soil, Climate, etc. In practice, the relationship between geographic factors and land use is so close that it is usually very difficult to separate the one from the other. When there is any reference to a specific relationship in any chapter, it must be borne in mind that one must always take the other geographic factors into account. In this study the stress falls on an evaluation of the present land use. Even if there is no recommendation regarding the way in which the land should be used, this survey can still be used as the basis for future planning. Intro. p.viii , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969
"The wife of Lucifer" : women and evil in Charles Dickens
- Authors: Ebelthite, Candice Axell
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Dickens, Charles, 1812-1870 -- Characters -- Women Evil in literature Women in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2189 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002231
- Description: This thesis examines Dickens's presentation of evil women. In the course of my reading I discovered that most of the evil women in his novels are mothers, or mother-figures, a finding which altered the nature of my interpretation and led to closer examination of these characters, rather than the prostitutes and criminals who may have been viewed negatively by Nineteenth century society and thereby condemned as evil. Among the many unsympathetically portrayed mothers and mother-figures in Dickens's works, the three that are most interesting are Lady Dedlock, Miss Havisham, and Mrs Skewton. Madame Defarge initiates the discussion, however, as a seminal figure among the many evil women in the novels. Psychoanalytical and socio-historic readings grounded in Nineteenth century conceptions of womanhood provide background material for this thesis. Though useful and informative, however, these areas of study are not sufficient in themselves. The theory that shapes the arguments of this thesis is defined by Steven Cohan, who argues strongly that the demand for psychological coherence as a requisite of character obscures the imaginative power of character as textual construct, and who both refutes and develops character theory as it is argued by Baruch Hochman. Cohan's theory is also finally closer to that outlined by Thomas Docherty, who provides a complex reading of character as ultimately "unknowable".
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Ebelthite, Candice Axell
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Dickens, Charles, 1812-1870 -- Characters -- Women Evil in literature Women in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2189 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002231
- Description: This thesis examines Dickens's presentation of evil women. In the course of my reading I discovered that most of the evil women in his novels are mothers, or mother-figures, a finding which altered the nature of my interpretation and led to closer examination of these characters, rather than the prostitutes and criminals who may have been viewed negatively by Nineteenth century society and thereby condemned as evil. Among the many unsympathetically portrayed mothers and mother-figures in Dickens's works, the three that are most interesting are Lady Dedlock, Miss Havisham, and Mrs Skewton. Madame Defarge initiates the discussion, however, as a seminal figure among the many evil women in the novels. Psychoanalytical and socio-historic readings grounded in Nineteenth century conceptions of womanhood provide background material for this thesis. Though useful and informative, however, these areas of study are not sufficient in themselves. The theory that shapes the arguments of this thesis is defined by Steven Cohan, who argues strongly that the demand for psychological coherence as a requisite of character obscures the imaginative power of character as textual construct, and who both refutes and develops character theory as it is argued by Baruch Hochman. Cohan's theory is also finally closer to that outlined by Thomas Docherty, who provides a complex reading of character as ultimately "unknowable".
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Author, ideology and publisher a symbiotic relationship : Lovedale Missionary Press and early Black writing in South Africa: with specific reference to the critical writings of H.I.E. Dlomo
- Authors: Midgley, Henry Peter
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Shepherd, Robert H W (Robert Henry Wishart), 1888-1971 Dhlomo, H I E (Herbert I E), 1903-1956 Rhodes University Dissertations African literature Lovedale Institution South African literature -- Black authors -- History and criticism South African literature (English) -- History and criticism Politics and literature -- South Africa -- History -- 20th century Press and politics -- South Africa -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2241 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002284
- Description: The specific instances of R.H.W. Shepherd and H.I.E. Dhlomo are used in this thesis to investigate some of the many factors that influence the formation of a colonial literature, such as politics, social structures and personal ideals. By isolating the Lovedale Mission Press ~s a "contact zone" - a·place where the cultures of the colonizer and the colonized come into direct contact with each other - it is possible to trace how the interaction between these cultures shaped the writing of a particular African writer, H.I.E. Dhlomo. This is done through an analysis of historical factors that shaped the policy of the Lovedale Mission Press in the twentieth century: the development of liberalism in South Africa, the·role of the missionary in African education, the function ofa liberal magazine such as The South African Outlook and the appointment of an ambitious missionary, R.I.W. Shepherd, to the position of Director of Publications. This necessarily included a study of Shepherd's vision of African literature. On the other hand, this study takes cognisance of the factors that shaped Herbert Dhlomo's vision of literature: the development of African nationalism, the entrenchment of segregation as a politial doctrine, and most importantly, his struggle to have his creative writing published by the Lovedale Press. It is shown how Shepherd's vision of what African literature should entail contrasted with Dhlomo's, and how, as a result, Dhlomo deliberately structured his critical writing as a response to Shepherd's Eurocentric approach to African literature.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Midgley, Henry Peter
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Shepherd, Robert H W (Robert Henry Wishart), 1888-1971 Dhlomo, H I E (Herbert I E), 1903-1956 Rhodes University Dissertations African literature Lovedale Institution South African literature -- Black authors -- History and criticism South African literature (English) -- History and criticism Politics and literature -- South Africa -- History -- 20th century Press and politics -- South Africa -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2241 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002284
- Description: The specific instances of R.H.W. Shepherd and H.I.E. Dhlomo are used in this thesis to investigate some of the many factors that influence the formation of a colonial literature, such as politics, social structures and personal ideals. By isolating the Lovedale Mission Press ~s a "contact zone" - a·place where the cultures of the colonizer and the colonized come into direct contact with each other - it is possible to trace how the interaction between these cultures shaped the writing of a particular African writer, H.I.E. Dhlomo. This is done through an analysis of historical factors that shaped the policy of the Lovedale Mission Press in the twentieth century: the development of liberalism in South Africa, the·role of the missionary in African education, the function ofa liberal magazine such as The South African Outlook and the appointment of an ambitious missionary, R.I.W. Shepherd, to the position of Director of Publications. This necessarily included a study of Shepherd's vision of African literature. On the other hand, this study takes cognisance of the factors that shaped Herbert Dhlomo's vision of literature: the development of African nationalism, the entrenchment of segregation as a politial doctrine, and most importantly, his struggle to have his creative writing published by the Lovedale Press. It is shown how Shepherd's vision of what African literature should entail contrasted with Dhlomo's, and how, as a result, Dhlomo deliberately structured his critical writing as a response to Shepherd's Eurocentric approach to African literature.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994