A best practice model for international Financial feasibility in property Development
- Authors: Adendorff, Ryan Gregg
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Built environment , Real estate development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59348 , vital:62073
- Description: Property development is a sector which provides economic benefits to many countries worldwide. Such economic benefits are employment provision and GDP contribution to the economy. Interestingly, financial feasibility is one of the tools that can be used to ensure property development projects’ success. It has been therefore recognised that some of the property development entrepreneurs lack financial feasibility know-how which could position their property development businesses into a competitive edge and sustainability in this continuous fluctuating property market. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the key factors and variable that drive financial feasibility in property development and generate a financial feasibility model which can be used by property development entrepreneurs to analyse the financial feasibility of property development projects. Based on the aim of this study, an extended review of the literature relating to property business, property development, demand planning and risk management within the built environment discipline was conducted in identifying factors affecting the perceived success of financial feasibility for property development projects internationally. The research reviewed literature in the property development industry by identifying the variables for profitability, outside advice, trend analysis and real estate strategies. The research methodology approach that was used for this study, a qualitative explanatory multi-case study where embedded unit of analysis and valuable insight was provided for the success of financial feasibility in property development internationally. Semistructured interviews were conducted with various industry experts as indicated below: • Project Manager at Property Company; • Project Manager at developer; • Development Manager; • Owner of Property Group; • Part time lecturer at NMU Built Environment; • Development consulting company CEO; vi • Trustgro Developments (Pty) Ltd: Managing Director; • Tswaranang Consulting – Managing Director; • Capelo Development Company (Property Development) Director; and • NMBM - Senior Director: Land Planning and Management. The interview questions and primary and secondary propositions were defined together with the validity and reliability of the research. The purpose of the qualitative research was to unravel key factors that determine the perceived success of international financial feasibility of property development projects. Replication logic was used to generalise the results and the findings of this research effort suggested that the following variables emerging from qualitative themes, positively influences the perceived success of the financial feasibility in property development projects: profitability, risk management, outside advice, trend analysis, property cycles and demand planning. The implication arising from this study is that the perceived success of international financial feasibility in property development projects has the following positive influencing factors: profitability, risk management, outside (specialist) advice, trends analysis, property cycles and demand planning which must be considered by property developers and investors to ensure the success of their property development interventions. The curriculum of property development and real estate management practice should equally take into account the afore-mentioned factors. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Adendorff, Ryan Gregg
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Built environment , Real estate development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59348 , vital:62073
- Description: Property development is a sector which provides economic benefits to many countries worldwide. Such economic benefits are employment provision and GDP contribution to the economy. Interestingly, financial feasibility is one of the tools that can be used to ensure property development projects’ success. It has been therefore recognised that some of the property development entrepreneurs lack financial feasibility know-how which could position their property development businesses into a competitive edge and sustainability in this continuous fluctuating property market. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the key factors and variable that drive financial feasibility in property development and generate a financial feasibility model which can be used by property development entrepreneurs to analyse the financial feasibility of property development projects. Based on the aim of this study, an extended review of the literature relating to property business, property development, demand planning and risk management within the built environment discipline was conducted in identifying factors affecting the perceived success of financial feasibility for property development projects internationally. The research reviewed literature in the property development industry by identifying the variables for profitability, outside advice, trend analysis and real estate strategies. The research methodology approach that was used for this study, a qualitative explanatory multi-case study where embedded unit of analysis and valuable insight was provided for the success of financial feasibility in property development internationally. Semistructured interviews were conducted with various industry experts as indicated below: • Project Manager at Property Company; • Project Manager at developer; • Development Manager; • Owner of Property Group; • Part time lecturer at NMU Built Environment; • Development consulting company CEO; vi • Trustgro Developments (Pty) Ltd: Managing Director; • Tswaranang Consulting – Managing Director; • Capelo Development Company (Property Development) Director; and • NMBM - Senior Director: Land Planning and Management. The interview questions and primary and secondary propositions were defined together with the validity and reliability of the research. The purpose of the qualitative research was to unravel key factors that determine the perceived success of international financial feasibility of property development projects. Replication logic was used to generalise the results and the findings of this research effort suggested that the following variables emerging from qualitative themes, positively influences the perceived success of the financial feasibility in property development projects: profitability, risk management, outside advice, trend analysis, property cycles and demand planning. The implication arising from this study is that the perceived success of international financial feasibility in property development projects has the following positive influencing factors: profitability, risk management, outside (specialist) advice, trends analysis, property cycles and demand planning which must be considered by property developers and investors to ensure the success of their property development interventions. The curriculum of property development and real estate management practice should equally take into account the afore-mentioned factors. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
A best-practice guideline for facilitating adherence to anti-retroviral therapy for persons attending public hospitals in Ghana
- Authors: Agyeman-Yeboah, Joana
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: HIV infections -- Treatment -- Ghana , Health services administration -- Ghana Public health -- Ghana Hospital care -- Ghana
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13603 , vital:27256
- Description: The retention of persons on an HIV programme has been a global challenge. The success of any strategy to optimize adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) depends on the intensive and effective adherence counselling and strategies. It is important to research whether persons receiving anti-retroviral therapy in public hospitals in Ghana are receiving the needed service that would optimize their adherence to the anti-retroviral therapy. Therefore, this study explored and described the experiences of healthcare professionals providing care, support and guidance to persons on ART at public hospitals in Ghana, as well as the best-practice guideline that could contribute to facilitating the ART adherence of patients. This study also explored and described the experiences of persons living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) on ART, regarding their adherence to the therapy. The study was organized into three phases. In Phase One: a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was employed. The research population included healthcare professionals, providing services at the HIV clinic at the public hospitals in Ghana, namely the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital; the 37 Military Hospital and the Ridge Hospital. The healthcare professionals comprised of doctors, nurses, pharmacists and trained counsellors employed in any of the three public hospitals. Persons receiving ART at any of the three public hospitals were also part of the research population. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals and persons receiving ART. Data were collected from healthcare professionals in relation to their experiences regarding the provision of ART services, their understanding of evidence-based practice and best-practice guidelines, as well as data on the experiences of persons receiving ART in relation to their adherence to the therapy. The data were analysed using Creswell’s six steps of data analysis; and the coding of the data was done according to Tesch’s eight steps of coding. Trustworthiness was ensured by using Lincoln and Guba’s framework which comprised credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability and authenticity. Ethical principles such as beneficence and non-maleficence, respect for human dignity, justice, veracity, privacy and confidentiality were considered in the study. In phase two, the literature was searched by using an integrative literature review approach and critically appraising the methodological quality of the guidelines in order to identify the best available evidence related to adherence to ART. In Phase Three, a best-practice guideline for facilitating adherence to ART was developed for public hospitals in Ghana based on the findings of the empirical research of Phase One and the integrative literature review in Phase Two. The guideline was submitted to an expert panel for review; and it was modified, according to the recommendations of the panel.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Agyeman-Yeboah, Joana
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: HIV infections -- Treatment -- Ghana , Health services administration -- Ghana Public health -- Ghana Hospital care -- Ghana
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13603 , vital:27256
- Description: The retention of persons on an HIV programme has been a global challenge. The success of any strategy to optimize adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) depends on the intensive and effective adherence counselling and strategies. It is important to research whether persons receiving anti-retroviral therapy in public hospitals in Ghana are receiving the needed service that would optimize their adherence to the anti-retroviral therapy. Therefore, this study explored and described the experiences of healthcare professionals providing care, support and guidance to persons on ART at public hospitals in Ghana, as well as the best-practice guideline that could contribute to facilitating the ART adherence of patients. This study also explored and described the experiences of persons living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) on ART, regarding their adherence to the therapy. The study was organized into three phases. In Phase One: a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was employed. The research population included healthcare professionals, providing services at the HIV clinic at the public hospitals in Ghana, namely the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital; the 37 Military Hospital and the Ridge Hospital. The healthcare professionals comprised of doctors, nurses, pharmacists and trained counsellors employed in any of the three public hospitals. Persons receiving ART at any of the three public hospitals were also part of the research population. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals and persons receiving ART. Data were collected from healthcare professionals in relation to their experiences regarding the provision of ART services, their understanding of evidence-based practice and best-practice guidelines, as well as data on the experiences of persons receiving ART in relation to their adherence to the therapy. The data were analysed using Creswell’s six steps of data analysis; and the coding of the data was done according to Tesch’s eight steps of coding. Trustworthiness was ensured by using Lincoln and Guba’s framework which comprised credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability and authenticity. Ethical principles such as beneficence and non-maleficence, respect for human dignity, justice, veracity, privacy and confidentiality were considered in the study. In phase two, the literature was searched by using an integrative literature review approach and critically appraising the methodological quality of the guidelines in order to identify the best available evidence related to adherence to ART. In Phase Three, a best-practice guideline for facilitating adherence to ART was developed for public hospitals in Ghana based on the findings of the empirical research of Phase One and the integrative literature review in Phase Two. The guideline was submitted to an expert panel for review; and it was modified, according to the recommendations of the panel.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
A bi-directional SOAP/SMS gateway service
- Halse, Guy A, Terzoli, Alfredo, Wells, George C
- Authors: Halse, Guy A , Terzoli, Alfredo , Wells, George C
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Broadband 2 SATNAC 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Conference paper
- Identifier: vital:6600 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008293
- Description: Many applications need the ability to do real-time notification when events occur. Often the people who need to be kept aware of events are in a remote location. This paper looks at a bi-directional gateway between networked computers and the GSM short message service. The gateway is implemented as a web service, and uses the Simple Object Access Protocol to facilitate data communication. The service interacts with a database in order to facilitate retrieval of sent or received messages, as well as provide accounting abilities. It is intended as a practical proof-of-concept application demonstrating some ofdemonstrating some of the capabilities of the Simple Object Access Protocol.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Halse, Guy A , Terzoli, Alfredo , Wells, George C
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Broadband 2 SATNAC 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Conference paper
- Identifier: vital:6600 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008293
- Description: Many applications need the ability to do real-time notification when events occur. Often the people who need to be kept aware of events are in a remote location. This paper looks at a bi-directional gateway between networked computers and the GSM short message service. The gateway is implemented as a web service, and uses the Simple Object Access Protocol to facilitate data communication. The service interacts with a database in order to facilitate retrieval of sent or received messages, as well as provide accounting abilities. It is intended as a practical proof-of-concept application demonstrating some ofdemonstrating some of the capabilities of the Simple Object Access Protocol.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
A Biblical theology of ministry to refugees for Baptist Churches in South Africa
- Authors: Stemmett, David John
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Baptists -- South Africa , Church and social problems -- South Africa , Church work with refugees
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Th
- Identifier: vital:11799 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/131 , Baptists -- South Africa , Church and social problems -- South Africa , Church work with refugees
- Description: The issue of refugees in South Africa has come under the spotlight recently, particularly in the light of the xenophobic violence that swept the country in 2008. As a Baptist pastor, working in a congregation which has a vital ministry towards refugees, the writer became aware that only a handful of Baptist congregations in the Western Cape had a similar concern for refugees and asylum seekers. These observations raised the question of ministry to refugees on the part of Baptist churches in SA. As Baptist churches adhere to the principle of the supremacy of Scripture, the motivation for churches to minister to refugees should to be based upon biblical theology. This dissertation seeks to provide such a biblical theology of ministry to refugees that can in turn provide a basis from which local congregation can develop such ministry. To provide the context of refugees in SA, this study begins by outlining the phenomenon of refugees in the context of SA, as well as the conditions experienced by refugees. This dissertation further seeks to delineate a number of Baptist principles that relate to the issue of Baptist churches and ministry to refugees. It also seeks to look at the role that various Baptist agencies such as the Baptist Union of Southern Africa (BUSA) and the Western Province Baptist Association have to play in ministry to refugees. The study then goes on to discuss biblical material from both the Old and New The issue of refugees in South Africa has come under the spotlight recently, particularly in the light of the xenophobic violence that swept the country in 2008. As a Baptist pastor, working in a congregation which has a vital ministry towards refugees, the writer became aware that only a handful of Baptist congregations in the Western Cape had a similar concern for refugees and asylum seekers. These observations raised the question of ministry to refugees on the part of Baptist churches in SA. As Baptist churches adhere to the principle of the supremacy of Scripture, the motivation for churches to minister to refugees should to be based upon biblical theology. This dissertation seeks to provide such a biblical theology of ministry to refugees that can in turn provide a basis from which local congregation can develop such ministry. To provide the context of refugees in SA, this study begins by outlining the phenomenon of refugees in the context of SA, as well as the conditions experienced by refugees. This dissertation further seeks to delineate a number of Baptist principles that relate to the issue of Baptist churches and ministry to refugees. It also seeks to look at the role that various Baptist agencies such as the Baptist Union of Southern Africa (BUSA) and the Western Province Baptist Association have to play in ministry to refugees. The study then goes on to discuss biblical material from both the Old and New Testaments pertaining to refugees. The dissertation then seeks to develop a theology of ministry to refugees based upon the biblical material that can be used to motivate local Baptist congregations to minister to refugees. In the final section the theology of ministry to refugees is used to evaluate current models of ministry directed towards refugees.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Stemmett, David John
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Baptists -- South Africa , Church and social problems -- South Africa , Church work with refugees
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Th
- Identifier: vital:11799 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/131 , Baptists -- South Africa , Church and social problems -- South Africa , Church work with refugees
- Description: The issue of refugees in South Africa has come under the spotlight recently, particularly in the light of the xenophobic violence that swept the country in 2008. As a Baptist pastor, working in a congregation which has a vital ministry towards refugees, the writer became aware that only a handful of Baptist congregations in the Western Cape had a similar concern for refugees and asylum seekers. These observations raised the question of ministry to refugees on the part of Baptist churches in SA. As Baptist churches adhere to the principle of the supremacy of Scripture, the motivation for churches to minister to refugees should to be based upon biblical theology. This dissertation seeks to provide such a biblical theology of ministry to refugees that can in turn provide a basis from which local congregation can develop such ministry. To provide the context of refugees in SA, this study begins by outlining the phenomenon of refugees in the context of SA, as well as the conditions experienced by refugees. This dissertation further seeks to delineate a number of Baptist principles that relate to the issue of Baptist churches and ministry to refugees. It also seeks to look at the role that various Baptist agencies such as the Baptist Union of Southern Africa (BUSA) and the Western Province Baptist Association have to play in ministry to refugees. The study then goes on to discuss biblical material from both the Old and New The issue of refugees in South Africa has come under the spotlight recently, particularly in the light of the xenophobic violence that swept the country in 2008. As a Baptist pastor, working in a congregation which has a vital ministry towards refugees, the writer became aware that only a handful of Baptist congregations in the Western Cape had a similar concern for refugees and asylum seekers. These observations raised the question of ministry to refugees on the part of Baptist churches in SA. As Baptist churches adhere to the principle of the supremacy of Scripture, the motivation for churches to minister to refugees should to be based upon biblical theology. This dissertation seeks to provide such a biblical theology of ministry to refugees that can in turn provide a basis from which local congregation can develop such ministry. To provide the context of refugees in SA, this study begins by outlining the phenomenon of refugees in the context of SA, as well as the conditions experienced by refugees. This dissertation further seeks to delineate a number of Baptist principles that relate to the issue of Baptist churches and ministry to refugees. It also seeks to look at the role that various Baptist agencies such as the Baptist Union of Southern Africa (BUSA) and the Western Province Baptist Association have to play in ministry to refugees. The study then goes on to discuss biblical material from both the Old and New Testaments pertaining to refugees. The dissertation then seeks to develop a theology of ministry to refugees based upon the biblical material that can be used to motivate local Baptist congregations to minister to refugees. In the final section the theology of ministry to refugees is used to evaluate current models of ministry directed towards refugees.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
A biochemical study of the antidiabetic and anticogulant effects of Tulbaghia Violacea
- Authors: Davison, Candice
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Medicinal plants -- South Africa , Diabetes -- Alternative treatment -- South Africa , Violaceae -- Therapeutic use -- South Africa , Anticoagulants (Medicine) , Plants -- Analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10311 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1523 , Medicinal plants -- South Africa , Diabetes -- Alternative treatment -- South Africa , Violaceae -- Therapeutic use -- South Africa , Anticoagulants (Medicine) , Plants -- Analysis
- Description: Secondary metabolites derived from plants, especially those used by traditional healers, are at the forefront of new drug development in combating diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Garlic is employed in indigenous medicine all over the world for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Dietary garlic has been recognized for its beneficial health effects. In particular, garlic consumption has been correlated with (i) reduction of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and cancer, (ii) stimulation of immune function, (iii) enhanced detoxification of foreign compounds, (iv) hepatoprotection, (v) antimicrobial effects, (vi) antioxidant effects, and most importantly (vii) its hypoglycemic and anticoagulant properties. Due to these beneficial properties, garlic and its closely related genera which includes Tulbaghia violacea, may be useful as coadjuvant therapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and some of its physiological complications. The aim of this study was to determine if T. violacea has antidiabetic and anticoagulant properties. This was performed in vitro using both aqueous and organic extracts of the roots, leaves and bulbs. An organic extract was able to improve glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells and glucose uptake in Chang liver cells. The BO extract had no effect on the glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 an adipose cell line and reduced glucose utilisation in C2C12, a skeletal muscle cell line. Some of the properties displayed by T. violacea in this study are consistent with those found in similar studies with garlic extracts. It was observed that the BO extract increased the membrane potential and Glut-2 expression in INS-1 cells cultured at hyperglycemic levels, however, at normoglycemic levels a reduction was observed. The oxygen consumption increased at both glycemic levels due to treatment with the BO extract. Platelets were exposed to the extracts to determine their effects upon platelet aggregation, adhesion and protein secretion. Since the BO extract displayed the highest potential at inhibiting platelet aggregation and adhesion. A rat model was used in ex vivo studies to determine if the extract exhibited the same effect in a physiological model. It was noted that the BO extract exhibited a higher degree of inhibition on platelet aggregation and adhesion than the positive control, aspirin. The BO extract reduced clotting times in the prothrombin time (PT) test, but prolonged the clotting time in the actived partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay in the ex vivo model; however, it had no affect on these clotting assays in the in vitro model using human blood. The BO extract increased the D-dimer and Fibrinogen-C levels in the in vitro model, but had no effect on the D-dimer concentrations and lowered the Fibrinogen-C levels in the ex vivo model. The active compounds in the extract remain to be elucidated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Davison, Candice
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Medicinal plants -- South Africa , Diabetes -- Alternative treatment -- South Africa , Violaceae -- Therapeutic use -- South Africa , Anticoagulants (Medicine) , Plants -- Analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10311 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1523 , Medicinal plants -- South Africa , Diabetes -- Alternative treatment -- South Africa , Violaceae -- Therapeutic use -- South Africa , Anticoagulants (Medicine) , Plants -- Analysis
- Description: Secondary metabolites derived from plants, especially those used by traditional healers, are at the forefront of new drug development in combating diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Garlic is employed in indigenous medicine all over the world for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Dietary garlic has been recognized for its beneficial health effects. In particular, garlic consumption has been correlated with (i) reduction of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and cancer, (ii) stimulation of immune function, (iii) enhanced detoxification of foreign compounds, (iv) hepatoprotection, (v) antimicrobial effects, (vi) antioxidant effects, and most importantly (vii) its hypoglycemic and anticoagulant properties. Due to these beneficial properties, garlic and its closely related genera which includes Tulbaghia violacea, may be useful as coadjuvant therapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and some of its physiological complications. The aim of this study was to determine if T. violacea has antidiabetic and anticoagulant properties. This was performed in vitro using both aqueous and organic extracts of the roots, leaves and bulbs. An organic extract was able to improve glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells and glucose uptake in Chang liver cells. The BO extract had no effect on the glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 an adipose cell line and reduced glucose utilisation in C2C12, a skeletal muscle cell line. Some of the properties displayed by T. violacea in this study are consistent with those found in similar studies with garlic extracts. It was observed that the BO extract increased the membrane potential and Glut-2 expression in INS-1 cells cultured at hyperglycemic levels, however, at normoglycemic levels a reduction was observed. The oxygen consumption increased at both glycemic levels due to treatment with the BO extract. Platelets were exposed to the extracts to determine their effects upon platelet aggregation, adhesion and protein secretion. Since the BO extract displayed the highest potential at inhibiting platelet aggregation and adhesion. A rat model was used in ex vivo studies to determine if the extract exhibited the same effect in a physiological model. It was noted that the BO extract exhibited a higher degree of inhibition on platelet aggregation and adhesion than the positive control, aspirin. The BO extract reduced clotting times in the prothrombin time (PT) test, but prolonged the clotting time in the actived partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay in the ex vivo model; however, it had no affect on these clotting assays in the in vitro model using human blood. The BO extract increased the D-dimer and Fibrinogen-C levels in the in vitro model, but had no effect on the D-dimer concentrations and lowered the Fibrinogen-C levels in the ex vivo model. The active compounds in the extract remain to be elucidated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
A biography on inkosi Albert John Mvumbi Luthuli as an African intellectual
- Mngadi, Samkelo Ntobeko Vukani
- Authors: Mngadi, Samkelo Ntobeko Vukani
- Date: 2022-04-07
- Subjects: Luthuli, A J (Albert John), 1898-1967 , Luthuli, A J (Albert John), 1898-1967 Political and social views , Africans Intellectual life , South Africa History , South Africa Politics and government , African National Congress Biography , Apartheid South Africa , Political activists South Africa Biography , Intellectuals Political activity South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/294493 , vital:57226
- Description: [Excerpt taken from Introduction] The purpose of this study is to take a look at one of these African leaders, inkosi Albert Luthuli through a biographical lens to assess whether he should be recognised as an African intellectual. Sifiso Mxolisi Ndlovu states that inkosi Luthuli is recognised as the father of South Africa’s non-racialism. He used his moral authority in a historic fashion to influence the liberation movement to adopt non-violent resistance. During his time as President-General, he became the beacon of non-violent resistance. As the president of the liberation organisation, he delivered speeches that steered the African National Congress (ANC) and the liberation movement when the State escalated its oppression against Africans. The State retaliated by deposing him as an elected Chief, imprisoned him, imposed multiple bans on him in attempts to silence him. His intellect proved to be a threat to the State. He spoke out boldly against the apartheid state and advocated for chiefs, African people, African women, sugar farmers, and all oppressed racial groups. Inkosi Luthuli used his speeches to deliver political concepts like non-racialism, multiracialism, African nationalism and democracy into the public space. He cemented ANC’s cooperation policy that created the environment for the existence of the Congress Alliance that produced the Freedom Charter. He spoke out against the oppression of not just South Africans but Africa and all oppressed groups internationally. He illustrated that he possessed geopolitics that would gain the attention of the world. He illustrated his geopolitics through his internationalism philosophy gained the international community’s attention. Inkosi Luthuli was revered and respected by his Groutville community, the African community, South Africans of all racial groups and the international community. His impact can be seen through him being the first African-born Nobel Peace Prize recipient. He pushed for the international community to place economic sanctions and believed that international sanctions were the appropriate non-violent method the global community could get involved in fighting apartheid.5 The purpose of this study will be to explore how a Christian Zulu Chief’s intellectual thinking was able to move South Africa towards a multiracial democracy using non-violent resistance as a strategy to gain Africa and the world’s attention—looking at him from the vantage point of being an African intellectual. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, History, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04-07
- Authors: Mngadi, Samkelo Ntobeko Vukani
- Date: 2022-04-07
- Subjects: Luthuli, A J (Albert John), 1898-1967 , Luthuli, A J (Albert John), 1898-1967 Political and social views , Africans Intellectual life , South Africa History , South Africa Politics and government , African National Congress Biography , Apartheid South Africa , Political activists South Africa Biography , Intellectuals Political activity South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/294493 , vital:57226
- Description: [Excerpt taken from Introduction] The purpose of this study is to take a look at one of these African leaders, inkosi Albert Luthuli through a biographical lens to assess whether he should be recognised as an African intellectual. Sifiso Mxolisi Ndlovu states that inkosi Luthuli is recognised as the father of South Africa’s non-racialism. He used his moral authority in a historic fashion to influence the liberation movement to adopt non-violent resistance. During his time as President-General, he became the beacon of non-violent resistance. As the president of the liberation organisation, he delivered speeches that steered the African National Congress (ANC) and the liberation movement when the State escalated its oppression against Africans. The State retaliated by deposing him as an elected Chief, imprisoned him, imposed multiple bans on him in attempts to silence him. His intellect proved to be a threat to the State. He spoke out boldly against the apartheid state and advocated for chiefs, African people, African women, sugar farmers, and all oppressed racial groups. Inkosi Luthuli used his speeches to deliver political concepts like non-racialism, multiracialism, African nationalism and democracy into the public space. He cemented ANC’s cooperation policy that created the environment for the existence of the Congress Alliance that produced the Freedom Charter. He spoke out against the oppression of not just South Africans but Africa and all oppressed groups internationally. He illustrated that he possessed geopolitics that would gain the attention of the world. He illustrated his geopolitics through his internationalism philosophy gained the international community’s attention. Inkosi Luthuli was revered and respected by his Groutville community, the African community, South Africans of all racial groups and the international community. His impact can be seen through him being the first African-born Nobel Peace Prize recipient. He pushed for the international community to place economic sanctions and believed that international sanctions were the appropriate non-violent method the global community could get involved in fighting apartheid.5 The purpose of this study will be to explore how a Christian Zulu Chief’s intellectual thinking was able to move South Africa towards a multiracial democracy using non-violent resistance as a strategy to gain Africa and the world’s attention—looking at him from the vantage point of being an African intellectual. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, History, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04-07
A bioinorganic investigation of some metal complexes of the Schiff base, N,N'-bis(3-methoxysalicylaldimine)propan-2-ol
- Authors: Mopp, Estelle
- Date: 2010 , 2012-04-13
- Subjects: Schiff bases , Bioinorganic chemistry , Metal complexes , Transition metal complexes , Transition metals , Cancer -- Chemotherapy , Ligands -- Toxicity , Antineoplastic agents
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4413 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006768 , Schiff bases , Bioinorganic chemistry , Metal complexes , Transition metal complexes , Transition metals , Cancer -- Chemotherapy , Ligands -- Toxicity , Antineoplastic agents
- Description: This thesis includes the synthesis, characterisation, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Cu(II)-, Co(II)- and Co(III) complexes with N,N'-bis(3- methoxysalicylaldimine)propan-2-ol, 2-OH-oVANPN. The Schiff base ligand, 2-OHoVANPN, is derived from o-vanillin and 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol. The o-vanillin condensed with 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol in a 2:1 molar ratio yields this potential tetraor pentadentate ligand. The complexes synthesized are tetra (or penta or hexa) coordinated. Formation of the complexes is symbolized as follows:- MX₂ + 2-OH-oVANPN (2:1) -> [M(2-OH-oVANPN)Xn] + HnX MX₂ + 2-OH-oVANPN (2:1) -> [Mn(2-OH-oVANPN)OH] + H₂X₂ MX₂ + (o-vanillin : diaminopropanol) (1:1) -> [M(1:1)X₂] MX₂ + (o-vanillin : diaminopropanol) (1:1) -> [M₃(1:1)X₄] M = Cu(II), Co(II) or Co(III); X = Cl; n = 1, 2. Their structural features have been deduced from their elemental analytical data, IR spectral data, and electronic spectral data. With the exception of {Cu₃(C₁₁H₁₄N₂O₃)(Cl)₄(H₂O)₆}(A4), the Cu(II) complexes were monomeric with 2-OH-oVANPN acting as a tetradentate ligand. A binuclear Co(II) complex, [Co₂(C₁₉H₁₉N₂O₅)(OH)] (B1), was synthesised and the rest of the Co(II) and Co(III) complexes were monomeric with chloride ions coordinating to the metal centre in some cases. Electronic data suggest that the cobalt(II) complexes have octahedral geometries and the copper(II) complexes have square planar structures – Co(III) is likely to be octahedral. Thermal analyses, which included the copper-block-method for determining sublimation temperatures, revealed that some copper(II) and cobalt(II) complexes are hygroscopic and sublime at 200 °C and below. DSC analyses of the Cu(II) complexes gave exotherms around 300 °C for complexes K[Cu(C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₅)(OH)]·2H₂O (A1) and [Cu(C₁₁H15N₂O₃)(Cl)₂]·2H₂O (A2) and above 400 °C for [Cu(C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₃)(Cl)₂] (A3) and {Cu₃(C₁₁H₁₄N₂O₃)(Cl)₄(H₂O)₆} (A4). Antioxidant studies were carried out against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·). The cobalt(II) complex, [Co₂(C₁₉H₁₉N₂O₅)(OH)] (B1), which was synthesized in the presence of KOH, had no antioxidant activity, whilst the other cobalt(II) complexes, [Co(C₁₇H₁₇N₂O₅(Cl))]·1½H₂O (B2), [Co(C₁₉H₂₂N₂O₅) (Cl)₂]·5½H₂O (B3) and [Co(C₁₉H₂₂N₂O₅)(Cl)₂]·5½H₂O (B4), which were synthesised in the absence of KOH, demonstrated antioxidant activity. The latter complexes are candidates for cancer cell line testing, while [Cu(C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₃)(Cl)₂] (A3), {Cu₃(C₁₁H₁₄N₂O₃)(Cl)₄(H₂O)₆} (A4), [Co(C₁₉H₂₁N₂O₅)(Cl)₂ ]·5H₂O (C2) and [Co(C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₅)(Cl)]·3H₂O (C3) may show anticancer activity through possible hydrolysis products. Most of the complexes synthesized displayed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The results indicated that complexes [Cu(C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₃)(Cl)₂](A3), [Co(C₁₉H₂₂N₂O₅)(Cl)₂]·5½H₂O (B3) and [Co(C₁₉H₂₁N₂O₅)(Cl)₂ ]·5H₂O (C2) are active against the Gram-negative Ps. aeruginosa and that the ligand, 2-OH-oVANPN, did not have any activity. The same trend was observed with 2-OH-oVANPN, {Cu₃(C₁₁H₁₄N₂O₃)(Cl)4(H₂O)₆} (A4) and [Co(C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₅)(Cl)]·3H₂O (C3) against the Gram-positive S. aureus. As for activity against E. coli and C. albicans, some complexes showed more activity than the ligand. There is an observed trend here that the metal complexes are more active (toxic) than the corresponding ligand, which is in agreement with Tweedy’s chelation theory.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Mopp, Estelle
- Date: 2010 , 2012-04-13
- Subjects: Schiff bases , Bioinorganic chemistry , Metal complexes , Transition metal complexes , Transition metals , Cancer -- Chemotherapy , Ligands -- Toxicity , Antineoplastic agents
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4413 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006768 , Schiff bases , Bioinorganic chemistry , Metal complexes , Transition metal complexes , Transition metals , Cancer -- Chemotherapy , Ligands -- Toxicity , Antineoplastic agents
- Description: This thesis includes the synthesis, characterisation, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Cu(II)-, Co(II)- and Co(III) complexes with N,N'-bis(3- methoxysalicylaldimine)propan-2-ol, 2-OH-oVANPN. The Schiff base ligand, 2-OHoVANPN, is derived from o-vanillin and 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol. The o-vanillin condensed with 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol in a 2:1 molar ratio yields this potential tetraor pentadentate ligand. The complexes synthesized are tetra (or penta or hexa) coordinated. Formation of the complexes is symbolized as follows:- MX₂ + 2-OH-oVANPN (2:1) -> [M(2-OH-oVANPN)Xn] + HnX MX₂ + 2-OH-oVANPN (2:1) -> [Mn(2-OH-oVANPN)OH] + H₂X₂ MX₂ + (o-vanillin : diaminopropanol) (1:1) -> [M(1:1)X₂] MX₂ + (o-vanillin : diaminopropanol) (1:1) -> [M₃(1:1)X₄] M = Cu(II), Co(II) or Co(III); X = Cl; n = 1, 2. Their structural features have been deduced from their elemental analytical data, IR spectral data, and electronic spectral data. With the exception of {Cu₃(C₁₁H₁₄N₂O₃)(Cl)₄(H₂O)₆}(A4), the Cu(II) complexes were monomeric with 2-OH-oVANPN acting as a tetradentate ligand. A binuclear Co(II) complex, [Co₂(C₁₉H₁₉N₂O₅)(OH)] (B1), was synthesised and the rest of the Co(II) and Co(III) complexes were monomeric with chloride ions coordinating to the metal centre in some cases. Electronic data suggest that the cobalt(II) complexes have octahedral geometries and the copper(II) complexes have square planar structures – Co(III) is likely to be octahedral. Thermal analyses, which included the copper-block-method for determining sublimation temperatures, revealed that some copper(II) and cobalt(II) complexes are hygroscopic and sublime at 200 °C and below. DSC analyses of the Cu(II) complexes gave exotherms around 300 °C for complexes K[Cu(C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₅)(OH)]·2H₂O (A1) and [Cu(C₁₁H15N₂O₃)(Cl)₂]·2H₂O (A2) and above 400 °C for [Cu(C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₃)(Cl)₂] (A3) and {Cu₃(C₁₁H₁₄N₂O₃)(Cl)₄(H₂O)₆} (A4). Antioxidant studies were carried out against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·). The cobalt(II) complex, [Co₂(C₁₉H₁₉N₂O₅)(OH)] (B1), which was synthesized in the presence of KOH, had no antioxidant activity, whilst the other cobalt(II) complexes, [Co(C₁₇H₁₇N₂O₅(Cl))]·1½H₂O (B2), [Co(C₁₉H₂₂N₂O₅) (Cl)₂]·5½H₂O (B3) and [Co(C₁₉H₂₂N₂O₅)(Cl)₂]·5½H₂O (B4), which were synthesised in the absence of KOH, demonstrated antioxidant activity. The latter complexes are candidates for cancer cell line testing, while [Cu(C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₃)(Cl)₂] (A3), {Cu₃(C₁₁H₁₄N₂O₃)(Cl)₄(H₂O)₆} (A4), [Co(C₁₉H₂₁N₂O₅)(Cl)₂ ]·5H₂O (C2) and [Co(C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₅)(Cl)]·3H₂O (C3) may show anticancer activity through possible hydrolysis products. Most of the complexes synthesized displayed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The results indicated that complexes [Cu(C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₃)(Cl)₂](A3), [Co(C₁₉H₂₂N₂O₅)(Cl)₂]·5½H₂O (B3) and [Co(C₁₉H₂₁N₂O₅)(Cl)₂ ]·5H₂O (C2) are active against the Gram-negative Ps. aeruginosa and that the ligand, 2-OH-oVANPN, did not have any activity. The same trend was observed with 2-OH-oVANPN, {Cu₃(C₁₁H₁₄N₂O₃)(Cl)4(H₂O)₆} (A4) and [Co(C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₅)(Cl)]·3H₂O (C3) against the Gram-positive S. aureus. As for activity against E. coli and C. albicans, some complexes showed more activity than the ligand. There is an observed trend here that the metal complexes are more active (toxic) than the corresponding ligand, which is in agreement with Tweedy’s chelation theory.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
A bioinorganic study of some cobalt(II) Schiff base complexes of variously substituted hydroxybenzaldimines
- Authors: Shaibu, Rafiu Olarewaju
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Cobalt Schiff bases Artemia Spectrum analysis Ligands -- Analysis Bioinorganic chemistry Antineoplastic agents Cancer -- Chemotherapy Ligands -- Toxicity
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4394 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006009
- Description: Syntheses of Schiff bases were carried out by reacting salicylaldyhde, ortho-vanillin, para-vanillin or vanillin with aniline, 1-aminonaphthalene, 4- and 3-aminopyridine, and also with 2- and 3-aminomethylpyridine. The various Schiff bases obtained from the condensation reaction were reacted with CoCl₂.6H₂0, triethylamine stripped CoCl₂.6H₂0 or Co(CH₃COO)₂ to form cobalt(Il) complexes of ratio 2:1. The complexes obtained from cobalt chloride designated as the "A series" are of the general formulae ML₂X₂.nH₂0 , (L = Schiff base, X = chlorine) while those obtained from cobalt acetate or triethylamine stripped cobalt chloride denoted as "B" and C" are of the general formulae ML₂. nH₂0. The few complexes that do not follow the general formulae highlighted above are: IA [M(HL)₃.Cl₂], (L = N-phenylsalicylaldimine), 4A = (MLCl₂), (L = N-phenylvanaldiminato), 7 A and 21 A (ML₂), (L = N-naphthyl-o-vanaldiminato, and N-methy-2-pyridylsalicylaldiminato respectively), 8A = MLCI, (L = N-naphthylvanaldiminato), 12A = M₂L₃Cl₂, (L = N-4-pyridylvanaldiminato), 15A (MLCI), (L = N-3-pyridyl-o-vanaldiminato). The ligands and their complexes were characterized using elemental analyses and cobalt analysis using ICP, FT-IR spectroscopy (mid and far-IR), NIR-UV/vis (diffuse reflectance), UV/vis in an aprotic and a protic solvents, while mass spectrometry, ¹HNMR and ¹³CNMR, was used to further characterized the ligands. The tautomeric nature of the Schiff bases were determined by examining the behaviour of Schiff bases and their complexes in a protic (e.g. MeOH) and non-protic (e.g. DMF) polar solvents. The effects of solvents on the electronic behaviour of the compounds were also examined. Using CDCl₃, the NMR technique was further used to confirm the structures of the Schiff bases. The tentative geometry of the complexes was determined using the spectra information obtained from the far infrared and the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. With few exceptions, most of the "A" series are tetrahedral or distorted tetrahedral, while the "B + C" are octahedral or pseudooctahedral. A small number of complexes are assigned square-planar geometry owing to the characteristic spectral behaviour shown. In order to determine their biological activity, two biological assay methods (antimicrobial testing and brine shrimp lethality assay) were used. Using disc method, the bacteriostatic and fungicidal activities of the various Schiff bases and their respective complexes to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as Aspergillus niger, were measured and the average inhibition zones are tabulated and analysed. Both the Schiff bases and their complexes showed varying bacteriostatic and fungicidal activity against the bacteria and fungus tested. The inhibition activity is concentration dependent and potential antibiotic and fungicides are identified. To determine the toxicity of the ligands and their corresponding cobalt(II) complexes, brine shrimp lethality assay was used. The LD₅₀ of the tested compounds were calculated and the results obtained were tabulated for comparison.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Shaibu, Rafiu Olarewaju
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Cobalt Schiff bases Artemia Spectrum analysis Ligands -- Analysis Bioinorganic chemistry Antineoplastic agents Cancer -- Chemotherapy Ligands -- Toxicity
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4394 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006009
- Description: Syntheses of Schiff bases were carried out by reacting salicylaldyhde, ortho-vanillin, para-vanillin or vanillin with aniline, 1-aminonaphthalene, 4- and 3-aminopyridine, and also with 2- and 3-aminomethylpyridine. The various Schiff bases obtained from the condensation reaction were reacted with CoCl₂.6H₂0, triethylamine stripped CoCl₂.6H₂0 or Co(CH₃COO)₂ to form cobalt(Il) complexes of ratio 2:1. The complexes obtained from cobalt chloride designated as the "A series" are of the general formulae ML₂X₂.nH₂0 , (L = Schiff base, X = chlorine) while those obtained from cobalt acetate or triethylamine stripped cobalt chloride denoted as "B" and C" are of the general formulae ML₂. nH₂0. The few complexes that do not follow the general formulae highlighted above are: IA [M(HL)₃.Cl₂], (L = N-phenylsalicylaldimine), 4A = (MLCl₂), (L = N-phenylvanaldiminato), 7 A and 21 A (ML₂), (L = N-naphthyl-o-vanaldiminato, and N-methy-2-pyridylsalicylaldiminato respectively), 8A = MLCI, (L = N-naphthylvanaldiminato), 12A = M₂L₃Cl₂, (L = N-4-pyridylvanaldiminato), 15A (MLCI), (L = N-3-pyridyl-o-vanaldiminato). The ligands and their complexes were characterized using elemental analyses and cobalt analysis using ICP, FT-IR spectroscopy (mid and far-IR), NIR-UV/vis (diffuse reflectance), UV/vis in an aprotic and a protic solvents, while mass spectrometry, ¹HNMR and ¹³CNMR, was used to further characterized the ligands. The tautomeric nature of the Schiff bases were determined by examining the behaviour of Schiff bases and their complexes in a protic (e.g. MeOH) and non-protic (e.g. DMF) polar solvents. The effects of solvents on the electronic behaviour of the compounds were also examined. Using CDCl₃, the NMR technique was further used to confirm the structures of the Schiff bases. The tentative geometry of the complexes was determined using the spectra information obtained from the far infrared and the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. With few exceptions, most of the "A" series are tetrahedral or distorted tetrahedral, while the "B + C" are octahedral or pseudooctahedral. A small number of complexes are assigned square-planar geometry owing to the characteristic spectral behaviour shown. In order to determine their biological activity, two biological assay methods (antimicrobial testing and brine shrimp lethality assay) were used. Using disc method, the bacteriostatic and fungicidal activities of the various Schiff bases and their respective complexes to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as Aspergillus niger, were measured and the average inhibition zones are tabulated and analysed. Both the Schiff bases and their complexes showed varying bacteriostatic and fungicidal activity against the bacteria and fungus tested. The inhibition activity is concentration dependent and potential antibiotic and fungicides are identified. To determine the toxicity of the ligands and their corresponding cobalt(II) complexes, brine shrimp lethality assay was used. The LD₅₀ of the tested compounds were calculated and the results obtained were tabulated for comparison.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
A biological assessment of the Cape knifejaw (Oplegnathus conwayi) an endemic South African teleost
- Authors: Foster, Ryan Matthew
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Perciformes South Africa , Osteichthyes South Africa , Fisheries South Africa , Perciformes Growth , Perciformes Age , Perciformes Reproduction , Sampling Citizen participation , Cape knifejaw (Oplegnathus conwayi)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191057 , vital:45054
- Description: The South African spearfishery forms a small component of South Africa’s complex coastal fishery. Although the smallest, this fishery sector has the largest proportion of data deficient species, and as a consequence is poorly managed. Oplegnathus conwayi (Cape knifejaw) is an example of one of these species for which there is very little and outdated biological and ecological data. This species is among the top target species by recreational spearfishers in South Africa. This thesis aimed to improve our socio-ecological knowledge of the South African spearfishery through the collection of biological and Fishers’ Ecological Knowledge (FEK) information on Oplegnathus conwayi, and human dimension information on the South African spearfishery. Monthly biological samples were collected through routine sampling (spearfishing) and augmented by recreational spearfishers. A total of 254 fish were collected from the warm-temperate coastal zone (East London – Cape Agulhas), 28 from the sub-tropical zone (Durban – East London) and 23 from the cool-temperate zone (Cape Agulhas – Cape Point). The results indicated that Oplegnathus conwayi is a slow-growing species, with a maximum recorded age of 27 years. The population sex ratio was skewed, with males dominant in the population (1M:0.6F). The length- and age-frequency distributions were, however, similar for both sexes. No significant differences were observed between male and female growth (LRT, p > 0.05), with the overall population growth curve being best described as L(t) = 697.15(1-e-0.06(t-6.30)). Males matured at a slightly larger size than females, however, no significant differences were observed (LRT, p > 0.05). The length- and age- at-50% maturity was 330 mm (FL) and 5.73 years for the full population, respectively. Histological analyses showed that Oplegnathus conwayi are asynchronous spawners with a gonochoristic reproductive style. Macroscopic staging and gonadosomatic index results indicated a protracted spawning season for Oplegnathus conwayi, with a peak in spring. A survey was designed and disseminated to collect FEK on the biology and population status of Oplegnathus conwayi and human dimension information on South Africa’s spearfishery. A total of 103 survey responses were received, of which 94 were regarded as specialised (spearfishers who had greater experience, skill and avidity, and maintained spearfishing as an important component of their lifestyle) spearfishers. Based on the responses of the specialist spearfishers, the top four main species caught by spearfishers from this survey were Seriola lalandi (13.9%), Pachymetopon grande (11.7%), Oplegnathus conwayi (11.4%) and Sparodon durbanensis (11%), and the majority of respondents indicated that there had been no changes in abundance, size and catches of these species in the years that they had been spearfishing. Respondents indicated that Oplegnathus conwayi are most commonly targeted in the Eastern Cape and are found at depths of up to 40 m. Respondents also indicated that there may be a seasonal onshore (Summer/Winter) and offshore (Summer/Winter) migration with year-round spawning and a peak in November, December and January. The incorporation of spearfishers into the data collection, both through the collection of specimens and their FEK, was beneficial to this study. Besides providing samples from a broader geographical range than the primary collection area, the collaboration with spearfishers has promoted the inclusion of this group into the management system. The findings of this study also suggest that FEK data can be more reliable if the concept of recreational specialisation is incorporated into data collection. While the FEK suggested that the population was stable, a stock assessment is necessary to fully understand the population status and implement management strategies. Nevertheless, the key life history characteristics (slow growth and late maturation) observed in this study are characteristic of species that is vulnerable to overexploitation, and thus the precautionary approach should be applied. The reproductive information collected in this study has provided information for the implementation of an appropriate size limit regulation for Oplegnathus conwayi. Here, a minimum size limit of 400 mm TL, which corresponds approximately with the length-at-50% maturity of 330 mm FL, would be appropriate to allow fish to mature and spawn, and reduce the likelihood of recruitment overfishing. Reduction in the bag limit from five to two fish per person per day may also be appropriate as a precautionary measure until a stock assessment has been completed. Finally, the incorporation of stakeholder into biological collection and the use of FEK may be a useful approach for other data deficient species and in countries with limited resources for ecological research. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
- Authors: Foster, Ryan Matthew
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Perciformes South Africa , Osteichthyes South Africa , Fisheries South Africa , Perciformes Growth , Perciformes Age , Perciformes Reproduction , Sampling Citizen participation , Cape knifejaw (Oplegnathus conwayi)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191057 , vital:45054
- Description: The South African spearfishery forms a small component of South Africa’s complex coastal fishery. Although the smallest, this fishery sector has the largest proportion of data deficient species, and as a consequence is poorly managed. Oplegnathus conwayi (Cape knifejaw) is an example of one of these species for which there is very little and outdated biological and ecological data. This species is among the top target species by recreational spearfishers in South Africa. This thesis aimed to improve our socio-ecological knowledge of the South African spearfishery through the collection of biological and Fishers’ Ecological Knowledge (FEK) information on Oplegnathus conwayi, and human dimension information on the South African spearfishery. Monthly biological samples were collected through routine sampling (spearfishing) and augmented by recreational spearfishers. A total of 254 fish were collected from the warm-temperate coastal zone (East London – Cape Agulhas), 28 from the sub-tropical zone (Durban – East London) and 23 from the cool-temperate zone (Cape Agulhas – Cape Point). The results indicated that Oplegnathus conwayi is a slow-growing species, with a maximum recorded age of 27 years. The population sex ratio was skewed, with males dominant in the population (1M:0.6F). The length- and age-frequency distributions were, however, similar for both sexes. No significant differences were observed between male and female growth (LRT, p > 0.05), with the overall population growth curve being best described as L(t) = 697.15(1-e-0.06(t-6.30)). Males matured at a slightly larger size than females, however, no significant differences were observed (LRT, p > 0.05). The length- and age- at-50% maturity was 330 mm (FL) and 5.73 years for the full population, respectively. Histological analyses showed that Oplegnathus conwayi are asynchronous spawners with a gonochoristic reproductive style. Macroscopic staging and gonadosomatic index results indicated a protracted spawning season for Oplegnathus conwayi, with a peak in spring. A survey was designed and disseminated to collect FEK on the biology and population status of Oplegnathus conwayi and human dimension information on South Africa’s spearfishery. A total of 103 survey responses were received, of which 94 were regarded as specialised (spearfishers who had greater experience, skill and avidity, and maintained spearfishing as an important component of their lifestyle) spearfishers. Based on the responses of the specialist spearfishers, the top four main species caught by spearfishers from this survey were Seriola lalandi (13.9%), Pachymetopon grande (11.7%), Oplegnathus conwayi (11.4%) and Sparodon durbanensis (11%), and the majority of respondents indicated that there had been no changes in abundance, size and catches of these species in the years that they had been spearfishing. Respondents indicated that Oplegnathus conwayi are most commonly targeted in the Eastern Cape and are found at depths of up to 40 m. Respondents also indicated that there may be a seasonal onshore (Summer/Winter) and offshore (Summer/Winter) migration with year-round spawning and a peak in November, December and January. The incorporation of spearfishers into the data collection, both through the collection of specimens and their FEK, was beneficial to this study. Besides providing samples from a broader geographical range than the primary collection area, the collaboration with spearfishers has promoted the inclusion of this group into the management system. The findings of this study also suggest that FEK data can be more reliable if the concept of recreational specialisation is incorporated into data collection. While the FEK suggested that the population was stable, a stock assessment is necessary to fully understand the population status and implement management strategies. Nevertheless, the key life history characteristics (slow growth and late maturation) observed in this study are characteristic of species that is vulnerable to overexploitation, and thus the precautionary approach should be applied. The reproductive information collected in this study has provided information for the implementation of an appropriate size limit regulation for Oplegnathus conwayi. Here, a minimum size limit of 400 mm TL, which corresponds approximately with the length-at-50% maturity of 330 mm FL, would be appropriate to allow fish to mature and spawn, and reduce the likelihood of recruitment overfishing. Reduction in the bag limit from five to two fish per person per day may also be appropriate as a precautionary measure until a stock assessment has been completed. Finally, the incorporation of stakeholder into biological collection and the use of FEK may be a useful approach for other data deficient species and in countries with limited resources for ecological research. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
A bitcoin framework : an alternative payment system for marginalized areas of South Africa using low-end mobile phones
- Authors: Dlamini, Nelisiwe Peaceness
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Electronic funds transfers -- South Africa Bitcoin -- South Africa Mobile commerce -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11884 , vital:39115
- Description: The emergence of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin, has invoked the need for developing financial systems that can be used to transfer digital value. This would serve as a solution to developing countries especially the challenged ones, when it comes to accommodating the financial needs of the disadvantaged people. Moreover, it facilitates access to financial services to allow them to transact with ease. Numerous companies have taken advantage of the prevalence of mobile phones and introduced financial platforms to provide financial inclusion to disadvantaged people. Financial institutions and Mobile Network Operators (MNO) have developed platforms such as cell phone banking services, mobile money, mobile wallets, and electronic wallets that can be used to provide affordable financial services. Although this is the case, alternative platforms that are affordable and accessible through mobile phones are still required. Therefore, this study proposes a Bitcoin framework that can be used as an alternative platform through low-end mobile phones to provide access to financial services to the disadvantaged people in marginalized areas. To prove the concept of the proposed Bitcoin framework, a Mobile Bitcoin Wallet System (MBWS) prototype was developed, which allows a person using a low-end mobile phone with no intervening technology such as Internet or Bluetooth, to access a Bitcoin wallet by sending a Short Message Service (SMS). This enables Bitcoin to be accessed more easily and affordably by the people. Thus the developed prototype conceptualizes an alternative payment system or a payment method that can augment the existing payment methods. The MBWS is evaluated to assess if it can offer the services that other platforms offer by being compared to a cell-phone banking service. It was deployed on a computer connected to the Internet to enable a connection to the Bitcoin network and access to the blockchain which records all the transactions that take place in Bitcoin. Although this system provides access to the Bitcoin wallet, for it to be applied to areas where people require an alternative payment system, it still needs to be enhanced for such use. This includes scaling the system and adding more functions to it.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Dlamini, Nelisiwe Peaceness
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Electronic funds transfers -- South Africa Bitcoin -- South Africa Mobile commerce -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11884 , vital:39115
- Description: The emergence of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin, has invoked the need for developing financial systems that can be used to transfer digital value. This would serve as a solution to developing countries especially the challenged ones, when it comes to accommodating the financial needs of the disadvantaged people. Moreover, it facilitates access to financial services to allow them to transact with ease. Numerous companies have taken advantage of the prevalence of mobile phones and introduced financial platforms to provide financial inclusion to disadvantaged people. Financial institutions and Mobile Network Operators (MNO) have developed platforms such as cell phone banking services, mobile money, mobile wallets, and electronic wallets that can be used to provide affordable financial services. Although this is the case, alternative platforms that are affordable and accessible through mobile phones are still required. Therefore, this study proposes a Bitcoin framework that can be used as an alternative platform through low-end mobile phones to provide access to financial services to the disadvantaged people in marginalized areas. To prove the concept of the proposed Bitcoin framework, a Mobile Bitcoin Wallet System (MBWS) prototype was developed, which allows a person using a low-end mobile phone with no intervening technology such as Internet or Bluetooth, to access a Bitcoin wallet by sending a Short Message Service (SMS). This enables Bitcoin to be accessed more easily and affordably by the people. Thus the developed prototype conceptualizes an alternative payment system or a payment method that can augment the existing payment methods. The MBWS is evaluated to assess if it can offer the services that other platforms offer by being compared to a cell-phone banking service. It was deployed on a computer connected to the Internet to enable a connection to the Bitcoin network and access to the blockchain which records all the transactions that take place in Bitcoin. Although this system provides access to the Bitcoin wallet, for it to be applied to areas where people require an alternative payment system, it still needs to be enhanced for such use. This includes scaling the system and adding more functions to it.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
A blended learning toolkit that accommodates multiple learning styles
- Authors: Mills, Steven Christopher
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Blended learning , Learning strategies Learning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30452 , vital:30945
- Description: The purpose of this study was to identify how blended learning can be designed and incorporated to accommodate multiple learning styles within modules in the Department of Computing Sciences. A design theory was created through an analysis of literature and exploration into the backgrounds of students and lecturers within the Department of Computing Sciences. The design theory is: Blended learning can be a useful approach to accommodate multiple learning styles. Guidelines, and by extension a toolkit, facilitate the development of blended learning and provide effective tools to enable lecturers to successfully incorporate blended learning into their modules. Design-Based Research (DBR) was followed in this study, using a mixed-methods and iterative approach to determine the accuracy of the design theory. For the first iteration, the toolkit was implemented in two modules within the Department of Computing Sciences and for the second iteration, four modules. DBR produces a theoretical contribution and a practical artefact. The most important theoretical contributions are the design theory and guidelines for incorporating blended learning that accommodates multiple learning styles. The practical artefacts are the toolkit and tools therein. The toolkit, which was accessed via a website, guides lecturers through the process of incorporating blended learning that accommodates multiple learning styles and provides them with the necessary tools to do so. The design theory was proven in the evaluation that used a questionnaire to understand the lecturers’ experiences regarding the toolkit and the design theory. Therefore, the guidelines for applying blended learning is a useful approach to address multiple learning styles.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Mills, Steven Christopher
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Blended learning , Learning strategies Learning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30452 , vital:30945
- Description: The purpose of this study was to identify how blended learning can be designed and incorporated to accommodate multiple learning styles within modules in the Department of Computing Sciences. A design theory was created through an analysis of literature and exploration into the backgrounds of students and lecturers within the Department of Computing Sciences. The design theory is: Blended learning can be a useful approach to accommodate multiple learning styles. Guidelines, and by extension a toolkit, facilitate the development of blended learning and provide effective tools to enable lecturers to successfully incorporate blended learning into their modules. Design-Based Research (DBR) was followed in this study, using a mixed-methods and iterative approach to determine the accuracy of the design theory. For the first iteration, the toolkit was implemented in two modules within the Department of Computing Sciences and for the second iteration, four modules. DBR produces a theoretical contribution and a practical artefact. The most important theoretical contributions are the design theory and guidelines for incorporating blended learning that accommodates multiple learning styles. The practical artefacts are the toolkit and tools therein. The toolkit, which was accessed via a website, guides lecturers through the process of incorporating blended learning that accommodates multiple learning styles and provides them with the necessary tools to do so. The design theory was proven in the evaluation that used a questionnaire to understand the lecturers’ experiences regarding the toolkit and the design theory. Therefore, the guidelines for applying blended learning is a useful approach to address multiple learning styles.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
A blow on the beach
- Authors: Naidoo, G.R
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:13616 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012486
- Description: Photocopied article from the magazine Drum about the farewell South African tour of Chris McGregor's Blue Notes. On the first page, there is a portrait of each member of the band and as well as a portrait of the magazine reporter. A picture covering the second page and starting on the first one shows the Blue Notes playing on a beach's sand in Durban (from left to right: Dudu Pukwana holding his alto saxophone, Mongezi Feza playing trumpet, Chris McGregor playing piano, Johnny Dyani is standing right behind him playing Double Bass and Louis Moholo playing drums on the right side of the picture). A picture of Chris McGregor playing piano is also on the third page of this article.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Naidoo, G.R
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:13616 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012486
- Description: Photocopied article from the magazine Drum about the farewell South African tour of Chris McGregor's Blue Notes. On the first page, there is a portrait of each member of the band and as well as a portrait of the magazine reporter. A picture covering the second page and starting on the first one shows the Blue Notes playing on a beach's sand in Durban (from left to right: Dudu Pukwana holding his alto saxophone, Mongezi Feza playing trumpet, Chris McGregor playing piano, Johnny Dyani is standing right behind him playing Double Bass and Louis Moholo playing drums on the right side of the picture). A picture of Chris McGregor playing piano is also on the third page of this article.
- Full Text:
A bone fragment
- Authors: Dyantyi, Mbongisi Orlean
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: South African fiction (English) -- 21st century , Creative writing (Higher education) , English language -- Writing , South African fiction (English) -- Study and teaching (Higher)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5985 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015677
- Description: This novella presents three characters, each occupying a different sphere of reality. One is a ‘living dead’ who is forced to return to the land of the living for his continued existence. The other is a young woman who, having lost the will to live, must find a purpose if she is to continue living. The third is a young man who dwells more in the inner than the external world. Their lives intersect through the scripture known as ‘a fragment of a bone.’
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Dyantyi, Mbongisi Orlean
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: South African fiction (English) -- 21st century , Creative writing (Higher education) , English language -- Writing , South African fiction (English) -- Study and teaching (Higher)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5985 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015677
- Description: This novella presents three characters, each occupying a different sphere of reality. One is a ‘living dead’ who is forced to return to the land of the living for his continued existence. The other is a young woman who, having lost the will to live, must find a purpose if she is to continue living. The third is a young man who dwells more in the inner than the external world. Their lives intersect through the scripture known as ‘a fragment of a bone.’
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
A book history study of Michael Radford's filmic production William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice
- Green, Bryony Rose Humphries
- Authors: Green, Bryony Rose Humphries
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Film adaptations Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Merchant of Venice Merchant of Venice (Motion picture: 2004) English drama -- Film and video adaptations Film adaptations -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2197 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002239
- Description: Falling within the ambit of the Department of English Literature but with interdisciplinary scope and method, the research undertaken in this thesis examines Michael Radford’s 2004 film production William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice using the Book History approach to textual study. Previously applied almost exclusively to the study of books, Book History examines the text in terms of both its medium and its content, bringing together bibliographical, literary and historical approaches to the study of books within one theoretical paradigm. My research extends this interdisciplinary approach into the filmic medium by using a modified version of Robert Darnton’s “communication circuit” to examine the process of transmission of this Shakespearean film adaptation from creation to reception. The research is not intended as a complete Book History study and even less as a comprehensive investigation of William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice. Rather, it uses a Shakespearean case study to bring together the two previously discrete fields of Book History and filmic investigation. Drawing on film studies, literary concepts, cultural and media studies, modern management theory as well as reception theories and with the use of both quantitative and qualitative data, I show Book History to be an eminently useful and constructive approach to the study of film.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Green, Bryony Rose Humphries
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Film adaptations Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Merchant of Venice Merchant of Venice (Motion picture: 2004) English drama -- Film and video adaptations Film adaptations -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2197 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002239
- Description: Falling within the ambit of the Department of English Literature but with interdisciplinary scope and method, the research undertaken in this thesis examines Michael Radford’s 2004 film production William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice using the Book History approach to textual study. Previously applied almost exclusively to the study of books, Book History examines the text in terms of both its medium and its content, bringing together bibliographical, literary and historical approaches to the study of books within one theoretical paradigm. My research extends this interdisciplinary approach into the filmic medium by using a modified version of Robert Darnton’s “communication circuit” to examine the process of transmission of this Shakespearean film adaptation from creation to reception. The research is not intended as a complete Book History study and even less as a comprehensive investigation of William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice. Rather, it uses a Shakespearean case study to bring together the two previously discrete fields of Book History and filmic investigation. Drawing on film studies, literary concepts, cultural and media studies, modern management theory as well as reception theories and with the use of both quantitative and qualitative data, I show Book History to be an eminently useful and constructive approach to the study of film.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
A brain-compatible approach to the presentation of cyber security educational material
- Authors: Reid, Rayne
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Data protection -- Management , Computer security -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9819 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019895
- Description: Information is an extremely important asset in modern society. It is used in most daily activities and transactions, and, thus, the importance of information is acknowledged by both organisational and private home information users. Unfortunately, as with any asset, there are often threats to this asset and, therefore, an information security solution is required to protect information against potential threats. Human beings play a major role in the implementation and governing of an entire information security process and, therefore, they have responsibilities in this regard. Thus, the effectiveness of any information security solutions in either an organisational or a private context is dependent on the human beings involved in the process. Accordingly, if these human beings are either unaware or not knowledgeable about their roles in the security solution they become the weak link in the information security solutions and, thus, it is essential that all these information users be educated in order to combat any threats to the information security. Many of the current information security education programmes and materials are not effective, possibly because the majority of these current approaches have been designed without using a sound pedagogical theory. In addition, many of these programmes also only target organisational users. This, in turn, is problematic as information security education is required by everybody, organisational and private information users alike. This dissertation addressed the lack of a pedagogical basis in the designing of information security educational courses suited to an extremely broad target audience. Accordingly, the dissertation set out to demonstrate how a pedagogy, which is broadly used and accepted for a diverse target audience of learners, could be applied to the design of the presentation of a web based, cyber security educational courses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Reid, Rayne
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Data protection -- Management , Computer security -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9819 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019895
- Description: Information is an extremely important asset in modern society. It is used in most daily activities and transactions, and, thus, the importance of information is acknowledged by both organisational and private home information users. Unfortunately, as with any asset, there are often threats to this asset and, therefore, an information security solution is required to protect information against potential threats. Human beings play a major role in the implementation and governing of an entire information security process and, therefore, they have responsibilities in this regard. Thus, the effectiveness of any information security solutions in either an organisational or a private context is dependent on the human beings involved in the process. Accordingly, if these human beings are either unaware or not knowledgeable about their roles in the security solution they become the weak link in the information security solutions and, thus, it is essential that all these information users be educated in order to combat any threats to the information security. Many of the current information security education programmes and materials are not effective, possibly because the majority of these current approaches have been designed without using a sound pedagogical theory. In addition, many of these programmes also only target organisational users. This, in turn, is problematic as information security education is required by everybody, organisational and private information users alike. This dissertation addressed the lack of a pedagogical basis in the designing of information security educational courses suited to an extremely broad target audience. Accordingly, the dissertation set out to demonstrate how a pedagogy, which is broadly used and accepted for a diverse target audience of learners, could be applied to the design of the presentation of a web based, cyber security educational courses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
A bring your own device information security behavioural model
- Authors: Musarurwa, Alfred
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Data protection Computer security -- Management Privacy, Right of
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8587 , vital:33166
- Description: The Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) phenomenon has become prevalent in the modern-day workplace, including the banking industry. Employees who own devices have become the unintended administrators of the organisation’s information as their mobile devices often carry information belonging to the organisation. The unintended administrator is not necessarily schooled or aware of the information security risks and challenges that are associated with the BYOD. This inadvertently shifts the management of organisational information security from the information technology (IT) administrator to the unintended administrator. This shift leaves the organisation at risk of information security breaches that can permeate the organisation, which result from the behaviour that the unintended administrator displays when operating the mobile device. This study introduces the BYOD Information Security Behavioural (BISB) model. The model constructs are a combination of individual and organisational traits of the unintended administrator. The purpose of this study is to mitigate the risks posed by the unintended administrator in organisations through the implementation this model. The risk that the unintended administrator poses in relation to the BYOD phenomenon results in chief information officers (CIOs) being unable to totally control these mobile devices. Traditional endpoint information security management tools and methods can no longer secure devices in the BYOD the way they can in the traditional network where they are confined to the organisation’s IT administrator. This results in the organisation’s information security becoming the responsibility of the unintended administrator. This study was conducted in the banking sector in Zimbabwe. It is noteworthy that the BYOD phenomenon has become prevalent in the banking sector among other organisational sectors like education, health or even government departments. Information security is also an important component of the banks as such and a choice was made to conduct the study in the banking industry. The design science research paradigm was followed in this study and included a survey of 270 bank employees in Zimbabwe, which received 170 complete responses. A literature review on both employee behaviour and organisational culture was conducted, followed by a case study of a commercial bank in Zimbabwe. The literature review culminated in traits that were then classified as individual traits and organisational traits. Six constructs –, knowledge, attitude, habit, environment, governance and training – were identified from the literature and combined to form the BYOD information security behavioural (BISB) model. Statistical calculations were conducted on the survey results which informed the reliability, validity and rigour of the model constructs. An expert review including industry experts was conducted to evaluate the BISB model. This study concludes by recommending that organisations in Zimbabwe should make use of the BISB model to mitigate the information security risks that are posed by the unintended administrator. While there are technical solutions for managing the information security risks that come with the BYOD, this study points out that without harnessing the individual and organisational traits that make up the BYOD information security behavioural model for the unintended administrator, technical solutions alone will not be effective.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Musarurwa, Alfred
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Data protection Computer security -- Management Privacy, Right of
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8587 , vital:33166
- Description: The Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) phenomenon has become prevalent in the modern-day workplace, including the banking industry. Employees who own devices have become the unintended administrators of the organisation’s information as their mobile devices often carry information belonging to the organisation. The unintended administrator is not necessarily schooled or aware of the information security risks and challenges that are associated with the BYOD. This inadvertently shifts the management of organisational information security from the information technology (IT) administrator to the unintended administrator. This shift leaves the organisation at risk of information security breaches that can permeate the organisation, which result from the behaviour that the unintended administrator displays when operating the mobile device. This study introduces the BYOD Information Security Behavioural (BISB) model. The model constructs are a combination of individual and organisational traits of the unintended administrator. The purpose of this study is to mitigate the risks posed by the unintended administrator in organisations through the implementation this model. The risk that the unintended administrator poses in relation to the BYOD phenomenon results in chief information officers (CIOs) being unable to totally control these mobile devices. Traditional endpoint information security management tools and methods can no longer secure devices in the BYOD the way they can in the traditional network where they are confined to the organisation’s IT administrator. This results in the organisation’s information security becoming the responsibility of the unintended administrator. This study was conducted in the banking sector in Zimbabwe. It is noteworthy that the BYOD phenomenon has become prevalent in the banking sector among other organisational sectors like education, health or even government departments. Information security is also an important component of the banks as such and a choice was made to conduct the study in the banking industry. The design science research paradigm was followed in this study and included a survey of 270 bank employees in Zimbabwe, which received 170 complete responses. A literature review on both employee behaviour and organisational culture was conducted, followed by a case study of a commercial bank in Zimbabwe. The literature review culminated in traits that were then classified as individual traits and organisational traits. Six constructs –, knowledge, attitude, habit, environment, governance and training – were identified from the literature and combined to form the BYOD information security behavioural (BISB) model. Statistical calculations were conducted on the survey results which informed the reliability, validity and rigour of the model constructs. An expert review including industry experts was conducted to evaluate the BISB model. This study concludes by recommending that organisations in Zimbabwe should make use of the BISB model to mitigate the information security risks that are posed by the unintended administrator. While there are technical solutions for managing the information security risks that come with the BYOD, this study points out that without harnessing the individual and organisational traits that make up the BYOD information security behavioural model for the unintended administrator, technical solutions alone will not be effective.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
A broad host range reporter plasmid for the analysis of divergent promoter regions
- Jiwaji, Meesbah, Matcher, Gwynneth F, Dorrington, Rosemary A
- Authors: Jiwaji, Meesbah , Matcher, Gwynneth F , Dorrington, Rosemary A
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6476 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006164 , http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S0038-23532008000400013&script=sci_arttext
- Description: Although many vectors exist for Escherichia coli and closely related species, there are few broad host range vectors that can be conjugated into a large variety of Gram-negative bacteria. We have constructed a broad host range vector, pMJ445, that facilitates the analysis of divergent promoters in Gram-negative bacteria. The vector was validated using two intergenic regions derived from gene clusters involved in hydantoin hydrolysis, from the environmental isolates Pseudomonas putida and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The DNA sequences analysed were capable of activating expression of the reporter enzymes, β-glucuronidase and β-galactosidase, present on pMJ445, indicating the presence of divergent promoters in the sequences selected. In addition, we demonstrated that pMJ445 can be applied to gene regulation studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Jiwaji, Meesbah , Matcher, Gwynneth F , Dorrington, Rosemary A
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6476 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006164 , http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S0038-23532008000400013&script=sci_arttext
- Description: Although many vectors exist for Escherichia coli and closely related species, there are few broad host range vectors that can be conjugated into a large variety of Gram-negative bacteria. We have constructed a broad host range vector, pMJ445, that facilitates the analysis of divergent promoters in Gram-negative bacteria. The vector was validated using two intergenic regions derived from gene clusters involved in hydantoin hydrolysis, from the environmental isolates Pseudomonas putida and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The DNA sequences analysed were capable of activating expression of the reporter enzymes, β-glucuronidase and β-galactosidase, present on pMJ445, indicating the presence of divergent promoters in the sequences selected. In addition, we demonstrated that pMJ445 can be applied to gene regulation studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
A brutal harvest: The roots and legitimation of violence on farms in South Africa
- Authors: Segal, Lauren
- Date: 1990?
- Subjects: Agricultural laborers -- South Africa -- Social aspects , Child agricultural laborers -- South Africa , Farms -- South Africa , Violence -- South Africa , Forced migration -- South Africa , South Africa -- Race relations
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65551 , vital:28809
- Description: Extensive evidence of atrocities committed against black workers on white-owned farms has consistently been uncovered by progressive organisations working in the rural areas in South Africa. The evidence suggests the need for a thorough and systematic investigation of the nature and extent of violence on the farms, as well as a more systematic exposure of the findings. For the most part, the personality of rural South Africa remains a mystery to urban dwellers. The Black Sash and its rural project, the Transvaal Rural Action Committee (TRAC), approached the Project for the Study of Violence to undertake this research and this report was first presented at the Project's seminar programme at the University of the Witwatersrand. Its findings have provoked strong responses from the farming sector. Kobus Kleyhans, the Deputy Director, General Services of the South African Agricultural Union (SAAU), was quoted in The Star as saying, ‘According to my observations, the situation (on the farms) is quite different. I reject these findings with contempt; they are nothing near the real situation... I will not deny, that some farmers do not treat their workers as they should, but this sort of information is not representative’. (The Star; October 1990) In reply, it should be emphasised that firstly, while this study was conducted only in the South Eastern Transvaal, the case studies in this report are not isolated incidents but were selected out of a large range of similar occurrences in the area. Secondly, rural advice offices in the Western and Northern Transvaal, have reported similar cases of violent abuse of labourers on white owned farms in their areas. Although the specific contours of the communities in these regions have not been investigated, some of the case studies directly corroborate the findings of this report. The timing of this report is opportune as it coincides with President De Klerk’s announcement that the Land Acts of 1913 and 1936 are to be abolished. These Acts have been pivotal in forging and determining the violent and exploitative relations on the land. The announcement is therefore welcomed as a significant step towards creating the conditions for changing the balance of power on the land. At the same time, this report serves as a warning against the belief that the scrapping of the Land Acts will put an end to the varying forms of violence on the farms. Just as repealing these laws will not necessarily ensure equitable redistribution of the land in South Africa, so too do they not necessarily signal a move towards more equitable labour relations on white farms. This report makes this clear in three ways. Firstly, the racist attitudes and convictions of many white farmers is shown to underpin much of the violence on the farms. These attitudes will prevail well after the scrapping of the Acts. A reversal of these attitudes will only take place after a lengthy educative process undertaken by groups such as the local churches, the South African Agricultural Union, the Rural Foundation etc. Secondly, it is the very fear of white farmers and their increasingly vulnerable position, that has contributed to a growing pattern of abusive behaviour against farmworkers. The strength of the opposition of hundreds of white farmers to the scrapping of the Land Acts was demonstrated in their march on the union buildings just after the announcement was made. Thirdly, the networks that have contributed - directly and indirectly - to the violence on the farms, such as the courts and police, are still firmly entrenched in the rural areas. For these reasons, a campaign against against farmworker abuse is more pertinent than ever before. We are calling for several steps to be taken. , Revised Edition
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990?
- Authors: Segal, Lauren
- Date: 1990?
- Subjects: Agricultural laborers -- South Africa -- Social aspects , Child agricultural laborers -- South Africa , Farms -- South Africa , Violence -- South Africa , Forced migration -- South Africa , South Africa -- Race relations
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65551 , vital:28809
- Description: Extensive evidence of atrocities committed against black workers on white-owned farms has consistently been uncovered by progressive organisations working in the rural areas in South Africa. The evidence suggests the need for a thorough and systematic investigation of the nature and extent of violence on the farms, as well as a more systematic exposure of the findings. For the most part, the personality of rural South Africa remains a mystery to urban dwellers. The Black Sash and its rural project, the Transvaal Rural Action Committee (TRAC), approached the Project for the Study of Violence to undertake this research and this report was first presented at the Project's seminar programme at the University of the Witwatersrand. Its findings have provoked strong responses from the farming sector. Kobus Kleyhans, the Deputy Director, General Services of the South African Agricultural Union (SAAU), was quoted in The Star as saying, ‘According to my observations, the situation (on the farms) is quite different. I reject these findings with contempt; they are nothing near the real situation... I will not deny, that some farmers do not treat their workers as they should, but this sort of information is not representative’. (The Star; October 1990) In reply, it should be emphasised that firstly, while this study was conducted only in the South Eastern Transvaal, the case studies in this report are not isolated incidents but were selected out of a large range of similar occurrences in the area. Secondly, rural advice offices in the Western and Northern Transvaal, have reported similar cases of violent abuse of labourers on white owned farms in their areas. Although the specific contours of the communities in these regions have not been investigated, some of the case studies directly corroborate the findings of this report. The timing of this report is opportune as it coincides with President De Klerk’s announcement that the Land Acts of 1913 and 1936 are to be abolished. These Acts have been pivotal in forging and determining the violent and exploitative relations on the land. The announcement is therefore welcomed as a significant step towards creating the conditions for changing the balance of power on the land. At the same time, this report serves as a warning against the belief that the scrapping of the Land Acts will put an end to the varying forms of violence on the farms. Just as repealing these laws will not necessarily ensure equitable redistribution of the land in South Africa, so too do they not necessarily signal a move towards more equitable labour relations on white farms. This report makes this clear in three ways. Firstly, the racist attitudes and convictions of many white farmers is shown to underpin much of the violence on the farms. These attitudes will prevail well after the scrapping of the Acts. A reversal of these attitudes will only take place after a lengthy educative process undertaken by groups such as the local churches, the South African Agricultural Union, the Rural Foundation etc. Secondly, it is the very fear of white farmers and their increasingly vulnerable position, that has contributed to a growing pattern of abusive behaviour against farmworkers. The strength of the opposition of hundreds of white farmers to the scrapping of the Land Acts was demonstrated in their march on the union buildings just after the announcement was made. Thirdly, the networks that have contributed - directly and indirectly - to the violence on the farms, such as the courts and police, are still firmly entrenched in the rural areas. For these reasons, a campaign against against farmworker abuse is more pertinent than ever before. We are calling for several steps to be taken. , Revised Edition
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990?
A budget and expenditure review of public hospital facilities in the Eastern Cape in transition towards National Health Insurance
- Authors: Ndlovu, Garfield OG
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Health services administration--South Africa--Eastern Cape Government spending policy--South Africa--Eastern Cape Health services administration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Public Health Leadership
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11139 , vital:37174
- Description: The quest to ameliorate and enhance the equitable allocation of resources in the Health Industry remains a global challenge, in particular the distribution of funding resources in public sector health facilities. The need to analyse and understand the appropriation of budget and utilisation of funds by hospital facilities is important in the in the Eastern Cape. The focus of the study seeks to explore recommendations that can be employed in the provincial budgeting process of Hospital Facilities, in a bid to optimise efficiency and improve the funding process as part of the provincial readiness activities towards the realisation of the NHI System and funding approach, wherein the NHI Fund will be a public entity that is not in business to make profit (NHI Booklet 2012: 05). This fund will introduce new systems of paying hospitals and professionals for the services they provide, aiming to be fair to them but to put a stop to unreasonable profits (NHI Booklet 2012: 05). The research has employed the use of descriptive quantitative techniques in order to undertake an expenditure review of existing financial data with respect to the Eastern Cape public Hospitals. The study followed a quantitative descriptive research design, the purpose of this study is that, quantitative research deals in numbers, logic, and an objective stance (Babbie: 2010). The Quantitative aspect of the study found that the data provided, allowed the researcher to organise, synthesise, prioritise and assign value to specific key performance indicators that would be used for the appraisal of hospital facilities in relation to the expenditure patterns based which would present a glimpse into how the Eastern Cape department of health utilises funding resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Ndlovu, Garfield OG
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Health services administration--South Africa--Eastern Cape Government spending policy--South Africa--Eastern Cape Health services administration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Public Health Leadership
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11139 , vital:37174
- Description: The quest to ameliorate and enhance the equitable allocation of resources in the Health Industry remains a global challenge, in particular the distribution of funding resources in public sector health facilities. The need to analyse and understand the appropriation of budget and utilisation of funds by hospital facilities is important in the in the Eastern Cape. The focus of the study seeks to explore recommendations that can be employed in the provincial budgeting process of Hospital Facilities, in a bid to optimise efficiency and improve the funding process as part of the provincial readiness activities towards the realisation of the NHI System and funding approach, wherein the NHI Fund will be a public entity that is not in business to make profit (NHI Booklet 2012: 05). This fund will introduce new systems of paying hospitals and professionals for the services they provide, aiming to be fair to them but to put a stop to unreasonable profits (NHI Booklet 2012: 05). The research has employed the use of descriptive quantitative techniques in order to undertake an expenditure review of existing financial data with respect to the Eastern Cape public Hospitals. The study followed a quantitative descriptive research design, the purpose of this study is that, quantitative research deals in numbers, logic, and an objective stance (Babbie: 2010). The Quantitative aspect of the study found that the data provided, allowed the researcher to organise, synthesise, prioritise and assign value to specific key performance indicators that would be used for the appraisal of hospital facilities in relation to the expenditure patterns based which would present a glimpse into how the Eastern Cape department of health utilises funding resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
A bulk and fraction-specific geochemical study of the origin of diverse high-grade hematitic iron ores from the Transvaal Supergroup, Northern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Moloto, William
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Iron ore -- South Africa -- Transvaal Supergroup , Hematite -- South Africa -- Transvaal Supergroup , Transvaal Supergroup (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/50546 , vital:25998
- Description: The Paleoproterozoic Transvaal Supergroup in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa is host to high-grade, Banded Iron Formation-hosted hematite iron-ore deposits and is the country’s most important source of iron to date. Previous studies suggest the origin of these iron ores to be ancient supergene, and that the ore forming process would have therefore pre-dated deposition of the basal Mapedi shales of the Olifansthoek Supergroup that unconformably overlies the Transvaal strata. The nature of the protolith to the ores has been suggested to be largely BIF of the Asbestos Hills Subgroup, and mainly the Kuruman BIF. The work presented in this thesis seeks to provide insights into the diversity of processes that are likely to have been involved during the genesis of these high-grade iron ores, in the context of constraining the pre-ore lithologies and the relative role of supergene-style, largely residual enrichment processes versus any possible metasomatic hydrothermal effects. This study had as primary focus the application of combined bulk and fraction-specific geochemical applications on representative iron-ore samples from four different localities in the Northern Cape Province, namely King/Khumani, Beeshoek, Heuninkranz and Hotazel. The collected samples show a variety of textures and also capture different pre-unconformity stratigraphic sections of BIF. The key objective was to assess whether the fraction-specific analytical results could provide any firm constraints for the origin of the ferrous and non-ferrous matrix fractions of the ores, namely whether they represent any combinations of protolith residue, allochtonously-introduced detritus or hydrothermally-derived material, and whether the results are comparable and consistent across all samples studied. In particular, constraints were sought as to whether the ore protolith was exclusively BIF or may potentially have contained at least a fraction of other lithologic types, such as shale; and whether there is sufficient evidence to support solely a supergene model for the ores or the data suggest other more epigenetic models of ore formation involving the action of hydrothermal fluids Bulk-rock geochemical analyses reveal the overwhelming dominance of Fe-oxide (as hematite) in all samples, at concentrations as high as 99 wt.% Fe2O3. Major and trace-element abundances of all samples were re-calculated assuming only iron addition from the postulated protolith (average BIF and shale), and the results revealed atypical enrichments in the iron ores by comparison to average BIF, and more shale-like relative abundances when normalised against the Post-Archaean Average Shale (PAAS). Specifically, BIF-normalised diagrams show relative enrichments by as much as 53-95% for Al2O3; 11-86% for TiO2; and 4-60% for P2O5. By contrast, PAAS-normalised values display enrichments of 1-3% for Al2O3, 0.2-3% for TiO2, and 3-13% for P2O5. Similar observations can be made for the greatest majority of trace elements when normalised against average BIF as compared to normalisation against PAAS. A suite of trace element that include alkali earths (e.g. Ba, Sr) and transition metals (e.g. Ni, Zn) show enrichments that are unrelated to the apparently detrital siliciclastic fraction of the ores, and are therefore linked to a possible hydrothermal input. Fraction-specific extractions were performed via the adaptation of existing dissolution protocols using oxalic acid (iron-oxide fraction) followed by HF digestion (silicate-fraction). The analyses of the produced aliquots using ICP-MS techniques, focused mainly on the REE abundances of the separated ferrous and non-ferrous matrix fractions and their comparisons to bulk-rock REE signatures. The results lend further support to the suggestion that the ore samples contain a predominant shale-like signal which does not directly compare to published REE signatures for supergene or hydrothermal BIF-hosted iron-ore deposits alike. The data therefore collectively point to a post-unconformity epigenetic hydrothermal event/s of iron ore-formation that would have exploited not only BIF but also shale as suitable pre-ore protolith.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Moloto, William
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Iron ore -- South Africa -- Transvaal Supergroup , Hematite -- South Africa -- Transvaal Supergroup , Transvaal Supergroup (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/50546 , vital:25998
- Description: The Paleoproterozoic Transvaal Supergroup in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa is host to high-grade, Banded Iron Formation-hosted hematite iron-ore deposits and is the country’s most important source of iron to date. Previous studies suggest the origin of these iron ores to be ancient supergene, and that the ore forming process would have therefore pre-dated deposition of the basal Mapedi shales of the Olifansthoek Supergroup that unconformably overlies the Transvaal strata. The nature of the protolith to the ores has been suggested to be largely BIF of the Asbestos Hills Subgroup, and mainly the Kuruman BIF. The work presented in this thesis seeks to provide insights into the diversity of processes that are likely to have been involved during the genesis of these high-grade iron ores, in the context of constraining the pre-ore lithologies and the relative role of supergene-style, largely residual enrichment processes versus any possible metasomatic hydrothermal effects. This study had as primary focus the application of combined bulk and fraction-specific geochemical applications on representative iron-ore samples from four different localities in the Northern Cape Province, namely King/Khumani, Beeshoek, Heuninkranz and Hotazel. The collected samples show a variety of textures and also capture different pre-unconformity stratigraphic sections of BIF. The key objective was to assess whether the fraction-specific analytical results could provide any firm constraints for the origin of the ferrous and non-ferrous matrix fractions of the ores, namely whether they represent any combinations of protolith residue, allochtonously-introduced detritus or hydrothermally-derived material, and whether the results are comparable and consistent across all samples studied. In particular, constraints were sought as to whether the ore protolith was exclusively BIF or may potentially have contained at least a fraction of other lithologic types, such as shale; and whether there is sufficient evidence to support solely a supergene model for the ores or the data suggest other more epigenetic models of ore formation involving the action of hydrothermal fluids Bulk-rock geochemical analyses reveal the overwhelming dominance of Fe-oxide (as hematite) in all samples, at concentrations as high as 99 wt.% Fe2O3. Major and trace-element abundances of all samples were re-calculated assuming only iron addition from the postulated protolith (average BIF and shale), and the results revealed atypical enrichments in the iron ores by comparison to average BIF, and more shale-like relative abundances when normalised against the Post-Archaean Average Shale (PAAS). Specifically, BIF-normalised diagrams show relative enrichments by as much as 53-95% for Al2O3; 11-86% for TiO2; and 4-60% for P2O5. By contrast, PAAS-normalised values display enrichments of 1-3% for Al2O3, 0.2-3% for TiO2, and 3-13% for P2O5. Similar observations can be made for the greatest majority of trace elements when normalised against average BIF as compared to normalisation against PAAS. A suite of trace element that include alkali earths (e.g. Ba, Sr) and transition metals (e.g. Ni, Zn) show enrichments that are unrelated to the apparently detrital siliciclastic fraction of the ores, and are therefore linked to a possible hydrothermal input. Fraction-specific extractions were performed via the adaptation of existing dissolution protocols using oxalic acid (iron-oxide fraction) followed by HF digestion (silicate-fraction). The analyses of the produced aliquots using ICP-MS techniques, focused mainly on the REE abundances of the separated ferrous and non-ferrous matrix fractions and their comparisons to bulk-rock REE signatures. The results lend further support to the suggestion that the ore samples contain a predominant shale-like signal which does not directly compare to published REE signatures for supergene or hydrothermal BIF-hosted iron-ore deposits alike. The data therefore collectively point to a post-unconformity epigenetic hydrothermal event/s of iron ore-formation that would have exploited not only BIF but also shale as suitable pre-ore protolith.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017