Making visual literacy meaningful in a rural context: an action research case study
- Authors: Mbelani, Madeyandile
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Visual literacy -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Case studies Education -- Research -- Case studies Education -- Research -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Rural schools -- Research -- Case studies Rural schools -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1668 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003551
- Description: This thesis reports on a collaborative action research case study into the teaching of visual literacy to Grade 10 learners in a rural high school in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Visual literacy is one of the critical aspects that have been incorporated in the teaching of English First Additional Language as required by the National Curriculum Statement (Grade 10-12), which has been implemented in Grade 10 as from 2006. With the aim of improving learners’ performance in visual literacy I designed a visual literacy unit that consisted of lesson plans running over 7 periods in 10 school days. In implementing the unit the learners were first grouped and then exposed to visual grammar and visual texts and then they critically viewed such texts and designed their own. Data was collected daily in the form of individual learner journals, researcher’s journal/diary, and copies were kept of activities done by learners (individually or in groups). Also, two teachers were invited as non-participant observers to each visit a lesson. Learner focus groups were conducted and critical friends were interviewed, tape recorded and transcribed. A camera was used to take still photographs to show learner activities in groups and during group presentations. The data revealed that visual literacy could be taught meaningfully in a rural high school as the learners could identify, cut, paste and discuss elements of visual language and they finally designed their own advertisements in groups. In the analysis of data the following factors emerged as hindrances for successful teaching of visual literacy in a rural high school: lack of resources; learners’ lack of a foundation in visual literacy from Grades 7-9; and problems revolving around time management and pacing. As action research comes in spirals, this research represented the first one and the researcher found the study an eye opener and a foundation to build on in the second spiral (that is not part of this research).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Mbelani, Madeyandile
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Visual literacy -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Case studies Education -- Research -- Case studies Education -- Research -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Rural schools -- Research -- Case studies Rural schools -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1668 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003551
- Description: This thesis reports on a collaborative action research case study into the teaching of visual literacy to Grade 10 learners in a rural high school in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Visual literacy is one of the critical aspects that have been incorporated in the teaching of English First Additional Language as required by the National Curriculum Statement (Grade 10-12), which has been implemented in Grade 10 as from 2006. With the aim of improving learners’ performance in visual literacy I designed a visual literacy unit that consisted of lesson plans running over 7 periods in 10 school days. In implementing the unit the learners were first grouped and then exposed to visual grammar and visual texts and then they critically viewed such texts and designed their own. Data was collected daily in the form of individual learner journals, researcher’s journal/diary, and copies were kept of activities done by learners (individually or in groups). Also, two teachers were invited as non-participant observers to each visit a lesson. Learner focus groups were conducted and critical friends were interviewed, tape recorded and transcribed. A camera was used to take still photographs to show learner activities in groups and during group presentations. The data revealed that visual literacy could be taught meaningfully in a rural high school as the learners could identify, cut, paste and discuss elements of visual language and they finally designed their own advertisements in groups. In the analysis of data the following factors emerged as hindrances for successful teaching of visual literacy in a rural high school: lack of resources; learners’ lack of a foundation in visual literacy from Grades 7-9; and problems revolving around time management and pacing. As action research comes in spirals, this research represented the first one and the researcher found the study an eye opener and a foundation to build on in the second spiral (that is not part of this research).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
A critical analysis of oppositional discourses of the ideal female body in women's conversations
- Authors: Pienaar, Kiran Merle
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Conversation analysis Women in mass media Self-perception in women Self-perception in adolescence Body image
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2358 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002641
- Description: Socialisation agents such as the popular media and same age female peers construct and reproduce notions of what is physically ideal, feminine and beautiful in a woman (Hesse-Biber 1996). My interest lies in how a group of young women reproduce, contest and possibly transform such notions in conversations with their same age female friends. The study aims to answer the following question: What ideologies are reflected and perpetuated in the discourses associated with the ideal female body? Since notions of what is ideal and beautiful are indeterminate and in perpetual flux, I focus in particular on areas of contradiction and contestation in the body talk conversations. As such, the analysis examines three extracts in which the young women draw on oppositional discourses to construct notions of female beauty. I believe that these extracts represent discursive struggles in relation to the dominant Western ideal of the slim, toned female body, an ideal which more closely resembles a newly pubescent girl's body than the curvaceous, shapely body of an adult woman (Bartky 2003; Grogan 1998). My analysis is based on conversational data collected from sixteen, white adolescent English-speaking women between the ages of fourteen and eighteen who attend a boarding school in Grahamstown. I elicited the body talk data using three stimulus exercises designed to encourage discussion on topics such as the overweight female body, dieting and the ideal body. I selected three extracts from the recorded conversations and used the methodological framework of Critical Discourse Analysis to analyse the data. This framework proposes three interdependent stages of analysis: 1) the Description of the formal features of the text, 2) the Interpretation of the text in terms of the participants' background assumptions, the situational context and the intertextual context and 3) an Explanation of the text in light of the sociocultural context and the text's contribution to the reproduction or transformation of the status quo. Since I was present during the conversational recordings and contributed to the discussions, part of the interpretation stage of analysis critically evaluates how the asymmetrical power relations between myself and the participants influenced the conversations. In this regard, my findings attest to my coercive role in promoting conservative, reactionary discourses which sustain the dominance of traditional ideologies of female beauty and which stifle oppositional ideologies. My interpretation of the extracts also reveals that, in their discussions of topics such as excess weight, female ageing and cosmetic surgery, the young women negotiate alternative conceptions of what constitutes the ideal female body. However, the articulation of an alternative beauty ideal, one which values women of different body sizes and ages is not sustained in the extracts. By discussing the relationship between these alternative constructions and dominant norms of beauty, I show how the prevailing ideal of the youthful, slim, toned female body wins out in the conversations. The interpretation of the extracts also reveals the participants' preoccupation with the pursuit of health and well¬being. In this respect, the young women construct the ideal body as not only slim and youthful, but also healthy. In my explanation of the extracts, I explore the sociocultural factors which have contributed to the rise of the health ethic. In concluding, I argue that the valorisation of the healthy body in the conversations, far from challenging the imperative to be thin, actually reinforces it by constructing dieting as a necessary adjunct to the pursuit of health. From this perspective, the preoccupation with attaining the ideal thin, toned body can be justified in terms of a desire to be healthy.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Pienaar, Kiran Merle
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Conversation analysis Women in mass media Self-perception in women Self-perception in adolescence Body image
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2358 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002641
- Description: Socialisation agents such as the popular media and same age female peers construct and reproduce notions of what is physically ideal, feminine and beautiful in a woman (Hesse-Biber 1996). My interest lies in how a group of young women reproduce, contest and possibly transform such notions in conversations with their same age female friends. The study aims to answer the following question: What ideologies are reflected and perpetuated in the discourses associated with the ideal female body? Since notions of what is ideal and beautiful are indeterminate and in perpetual flux, I focus in particular on areas of contradiction and contestation in the body talk conversations. As such, the analysis examines three extracts in which the young women draw on oppositional discourses to construct notions of female beauty. I believe that these extracts represent discursive struggles in relation to the dominant Western ideal of the slim, toned female body, an ideal which more closely resembles a newly pubescent girl's body than the curvaceous, shapely body of an adult woman (Bartky 2003; Grogan 1998). My analysis is based on conversational data collected from sixteen, white adolescent English-speaking women between the ages of fourteen and eighteen who attend a boarding school in Grahamstown. I elicited the body talk data using three stimulus exercises designed to encourage discussion on topics such as the overweight female body, dieting and the ideal body. I selected three extracts from the recorded conversations and used the methodological framework of Critical Discourse Analysis to analyse the data. This framework proposes three interdependent stages of analysis: 1) the Description of the formal features of the text, 2) the Interpretation of the text in terms of the participants' background assumptions, the situational context and the intertextual context and 3) an Explanation of the text in light of the sociocultural context and the text's contribution to the reproduction or transformation of the status quo. Since I was present during the conversational recordings and contributed to the discussions, part of the interpretation stage of analysis critically evaluates how the asymmetrical power relations between myself and the participants influenced the conversations. In this regard, my findings attest to my coercive role in promoting conservative, reactionary discourses which sustain the dominance of traditional ideologies of female beauty and which stifle oppositional ideologies. My interpretation of the extracts also reveals that, in their discussions of topics such as excess weight, female ageing and cosmetic surgery, the young women negotiate alternative conceptions of what constitutes the ideal female body. However, the articulation of an alternative beauty ideal, one which values women of different body sizes and ages is not sustained in the extracts. By discussing the relationship between these alternative constructions and dominant norms of beauty, I show how the prevailing ideal of the youthful, slim, toned female body wins out in the conversations. The interpretation of the extracts also reveals the participants' preoccupation with the pursuit of health and well¬being. In this respect, the young women construct the ideal body as not only slim and youthful, but also healthy. In my explanation of the extracts, I explore the sociocultural factors which have contributed to the rise of the health ethic. In concluding, I argue that the valorisation of the healthy body in the conversations, far from challenging the imperative to be thin, actually reinforces it by constructing dieting as a necessary adjunct to the pursuit of health. From this perspective, the preoccupation with attaining the ideal thin, toned body can be justified in terms of a desire to be healthy.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2007
Food gardens, environmental lesson planning and active learning in the life orientation learning area - foundation phase: a case study at Lungelolethu Lower and Higher Primary School
- Ncula, Ntombizandile Shirley
- Authors: Ncula, Ntombizandile Shirley
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: School gardens -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Gardening -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Environmental education -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa --Eastern Cape Environmental education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1546 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003428
- Description: This study was conducted at Lungelolethu Lower/Higher Primary School in Keiskammahoek at a time when I was struggling to understand and implement the new South African curriculum policy, particularly in the Foundation Phase Life Skills Learning Programme. The research focused on my developing an understanding of key Learning Outcomes and linking them with the National Curriculum Statement principle of social justice, human rights, a healthy environment and inclusivity. During this time I was the key 4-H Programme educator in my school, responsible for school food garden activities. I used the school food garden for this study to explore the opportunities the garden might provide to develop the new curriculum using active learning approaches to teaching and learning; as well as to respond to environmental issues such as poverty. This research was an interpretive case study which supported my reflections within a practical action research framework. This framework suited my intention to change my classroom practice. I undertook three action research cycles with the first cycle aimed at gaining insights from the 4-H Programme teachers which informed 2 lesson plans for cycles 2 and 3 respectively. I generated data through focus group interviews, observations, document analysis, video and tape recording, and my research journal entries. The data indicated the value of school food gardens in meeting curriculum requirements, particularly in relation to learner centred ideologies and the first principle of the national curriculum. As both researcher and mediator of learning, I developed skills and knowledge that helped me to understand working in the Foundation Phase. The study also revealed a need for meaningful integration within and across Learning Areas when planning lessons in the Life Skills Learning Programme. The study indicated that there is a need to develop assessment practices beyond a technical exercise to a more interpretive approach. Lastly this study offers some recommendations for further research into the use of school food gardens through taking the context of learners into account and by encouraging school community relationships that will also contribute in poverty alleviation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Ncula, Ntombizandile Shirley
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: School gardens -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Gardening -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Environmental education -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa --Eastern Cape Environmental education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1546 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003428
- Description: This study was conducted at Lungelolethu Lower/Higher Primary School in Keiskammahoek at a time when I was struggling to understand and implement the new South African curriculum policy, particularly in the Foundation Phase Life Skills Learning Programme. The research focused on my developing an understanding of key Learning Outcomes and linking them with the National Curriculum Statement principle of social justice, human rights, a healthy environment and inclusivity. During this time I was the key 4-H Programme educator in my school, responsible for school food garden activities. I used the school food garden for this study to explore the opportunities the garden might provide to develop the new curriculum using active learning approaches to teaching and learning; as well as to respond to environmental issues such as poverty. This research was an interpretive case study which supported my reflections within a practical action research framework. This framework suited my intention to change my classroom practice. I undertook three action research cycles with the first cycle aimed at gaining insights from the 4-H Programme teachers which informed 2 lesson plans for cycles 2 and 3 respectively. I generated data through focus group interviews, observations, document analysis, video and tape recording, and my research journal entries. The data indicated the value of school food gardens in meeting curriculum requirements, particularly in relation to learner centred ideologies and the first principle of the national curriculum. As both researcher and mediator of learning, I developed skills and knowledge that helped me to understand working in the Foundation Phase. The study also revealed a need for meaningful integration within and across Learning Areas when planning lessons in the Life Skills Learning Programme. The study indicated that there is a need to develop assessment practices beyond a technical exercise to a more interpretive approach. Lastly this study offers some recommendations for further research into the use of school food gardens through taking the context of learners into account and by encouraging school community relationships that will also contribute in poverty alleviation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Eluvial chromite resources of the Great Dyke of Zimbabwe
- Authors: Musa, Caston Tamburayi
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Dikes (Geology) -- Zimbabwe Chromite -- Zimbabwe Geology -- Zimbabwe Olivine Serpentinite Eluvium
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5046 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007731
- Description: Apart from the concentrations of chromite in layers within the Great Dyke and other ultramafic complexes, chromite also occurs as interstitial grains throughout the olivine-bearing rock-types. These olivine-bearing rocks include no rites, gabbros, dunites and pyroxenites. Chromite concentration in these rocks varies from 0.48 to 3.09 per cent of the rock, usually in the form of chromite (Ahrens, 1965; Worst, 1960). A small fraction of this chromite settled to form chromitite layers whilst the remainder is retained within the rock mass as finely disseminated chromite and chromite interstitial to olivine. This retained chromite is much finer grained than layer chromite and is the primary source of eluvial chromite (Cotterill, 1981). During weathering of the serpentine rock and transportation by rainwater, the heavier chromite and magnetite grains are re-deposited along watercourses and vleis or valleys as the speed of the water is retarded sufficiently for the heavier particles to settle. The lighter serpentine material is removed and the chromite concentration in the soil is increased, thus resulting in eluvial chromite (Keech et ai, 1961; Worst, 1960; Prendergast, 1978). The concentration of chromite particles in soil can be up to 15 (or more) Cr₂O₃ %, resulting in economic and exploitable deposits, located primarily along the Great Dyke fiacks. A preliminary evaluation of the eluvials indicate that the Great Dyke could be host to up to 10 million tonnes of potential chromite concentrates which could be processed from such eluvial concentrates. These chromite-rich soils can be mined more cheaply than the traditional seams mining and processed into chromite concentrates through simple mechanical processing techniques of spirals, jigs and heavy media separators. The resultant chromite concentrates are of high quality and can be used to manufacture chromite ore briquettes, which are an alternative to lumpy chromite smelter feed. The main challenges to eluvial mining are the inevitable environmental degradation and coming up with methods that could possibly mitigate against such environmental damage. The distribution of these eluvials over vast plains as thin soil horizons, necessitate use of mobile concentrator plants and hence establishment of extensive infrastructure. These challenges, however, are not insurmountable and test mining and previous production runs have proved profitable. The eluvials are also associated with some lateritic nickel concentrations. The nickel occurs in close association with some oxide such as goethite and garnierite and is associated with iron-manganiferous soil pisolites. The analyses of these pisolites indicate high nickel grades of generally above 1.00 %Ni. Such high nickel-content of Great Dyke laterites warrant, further investigations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Musa, Caston Tamburayi
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Dikes (Geology) -- Zimbabwe Chromite -- Zimbabwe Geology -- Zimbabwe Olivine Serpentinite Eluvium
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5046 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007731
- Description: Apart from the concentrations of chromite in layers within the Great Dyke and other ultramafic complexes, chromite also occurs as interstitial grains throughout the olivine-bearing rock-types. These olivine-bearing rocks include no rites, gabbros, dunites and pyroxenites. Chromite concentration in these rocks varies from 0.48 to 3.09 per cent of the rock, usually in the form of chromite (Ahrens, 1965; Worst, 1960). A small fraction of this chromite settled to form chromitite layers whilst the remainder is retained within the rock mass as finely disseminated chromite and chromite interstitial to olivine. This retained chromite is much finer grained than layer chromite and is the primary source of eluvial chromite (Cotterill, 1981). During weathering of the serpentine rock and transportation by rainwater, the heavier chromite and magnetite grains are re-deposited along watercourses and vleis or valleys as the speed of the water is retarded sufficiently for the heavier particles to settle. The lighter serpentine material is removed and the chromite concentration in the soil is increased, thus resulting in eluvial chromite (Keech et ai, 1961; Worst, 1960; Prendergast, 1978). The concentration of chromite particles in soil can be up to 15 (or more) Cr₂O₃ %, resulting in economic and exploitable deposits, located primarily along the Great Dyke fiacks. A preliminary evaluation of the eluvials indicate that the Great Dyke could be host to up to 10 million tonnes of potential chromite concentrates which could be processed from such eluvial concentrates. These chromite-rich soils can be mined more cheaply than the traditional seams mining and processed into chromite concentrates through simple mechanical processing techniques of spirals, jigs and heavy media separators. The resultant chromite concentrates are of high quality and can be used to manufacture chromite ore briquettes, which are an alternative to lumpy chromite smelter feed. The main challenges to eluvial mining are the inevitable environmental degradation and coming up with methods that could possibly mitigate against such environmental damage. The distribution of these eluvials over vast plains as thin soil horizons, necessitate use of mobile concentrator plants and hence establishment of extensive infrastructure. These challenges, however, are not insurmountable and test mining and previous production runs have proved profitable. The eluvials are also associated with some lateritic nickel concentrations. The nickel occurs in close association with some oxide such as goethite and garnierite and is associated with iron-manganiferous soil pisolites. The analyses of these pisolites indicate high nickel grades of generally above 1.00 %Ni. Such high nickel-content of Great Dyke laterites warrant, further investigations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
The trouble with culture : Plato's critique of poetry
- Authors: Ansell, James D'Olier
- Date: 2007 , 2013-07-25
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2733 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004460
- Description: In this thesis I argue that Plato's critique of poetry, taken in its proper context, is a serious and relevant critique of popular culture. In the first chapter I argue that the poetic reforms proposed in Books 2 and 3 and Book 10 of Republic stand at the front of a total reform of Greek culture. I argue for the consistency of Plato's whole argument and then I claim that if we get Plato's targets right, not fine art or literature, and focus on appropriate modern analogues then we can see why his critique is still important. If we share his claim that we are influenced by popular culture in important and often insidious ways and agree that culture can promote corrupt values, then we have accepted the core of Plato's challenge. If we find his solution distasteful, then the task is to come up with a democratic alternative. In the remaining two chapters I focus specifically on the challenge to the poets, putting the other reforms to the side. In the second chapter I consider a possible reply to the challenge focusing on the worth of the poetry that was expelled. I first look elsewhere in the Platonic oeuvre at the account of beauty in Symposium and Phaedrus but I argue that neither of them gives anything like aesthetic value that could be usefully applied to poetry. Next I look to some modern accounts of aesthetic value. I argue that while they might go some of the distance against Plato's challenge, they face a difficult task because it is not sufficient positing the value, an account is needed of their positive benefit. In the third chapter I turn to a more direct response to the challenge. Arguably Aristotle offers such a response in the Poetics, in terms of the notion of katharsis. I consider two interpretative candidates for katharsis. The first takes the benefit of poetry to be psychological - katharsis is a purgation of otherwise pathological emotions. I argue that this fails because it misunderstands precisely what Plato's concerns about poetry are, and, furthermore, this account could even be compatible with Plato's worries. The second interpretation takes the benefit of poetry to be ethical- katharsis is a type of ethical clarification which is beneficial in training our emotional responses. I claim that the clarification, and education, is worryingly conventionalist, and doesn't take seriously that Plato's target was popular culture and not great, educative literature. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Ansell, James D'Olier
- Date: 2007 , 2013-07-25
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2733 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004460
- Description: In this thesis I argue that Plato's critique of poetry, taken in its proper context, is a serious and relevant critique of popular culture. In the first chapter I argue that the poetic reforms proposed in Books 2 and 3 and Book 10 of Republic stand at the front of a total reform of Greek culture. I argue for the consistency of Plato's whole argument and then I claim that if we get Plato's targets right, not fine art or literature, and focus on appropriate modern analogues then we can see why his critique is still important. If we share his claim that we are influenced by popular culture in important and often insidious ways and agree that culture can promote corrupt values, then we have accepted the core of Plato's challenge. If we find his solution distasteful, then the task is to come up with a democratic alternative. In the remaining two chapters I focus specifically on the challenge to the poets, putting the other reforms to the side. In the second chapter I consider a possible reply to the challenge focusing on the worth of the poetry that was expelled. I first look elsewhere in the Platonic oeuvre at the account of beauty in Symposium and Phaedrus but I argue that neither of them gives anything like aesthetic value that could be usefully applied to poetry. Next I look to some modern accounts of aesthetic value. I argue that while they might go some of the distance against Plato's challenge, they face a difficult task because it is not sufficient positing the value, an account is needed of their positive benefit. In the third chapter I turn to a more direct response to the challenge. Arguably Aristotle offers such a response in the Poetics, in terms of the notion of katharsis. I consider two interpretative candidates for katharsis. The first takes the benefit of poetry to be psychological - katharsis is a purgation of otherwise pathological emotions. I argue that this fails because it misunderstands precisely what Plato's concerns about poetry are, and, furthermore, this account could even be compatible with Plato's worries. The second interpretation takes the benefit of poetry to be ethical- katharsis is a type of ethical clarification which is beneficial in training our emotional responses. I claim that the clarification, and education, is worryingly conventionalist, and doesn't take seriously that Plato's target was popular culture and not great, educative literature. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
The European Union trade, development and cooperation agreement (TDCA) with South Africa : promoting development or self interest?
- Authors: Mavura, Mike Tigere
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: European Union Economic development -- South Africa European Union countries -- Foreign economic relations -- South Africa South Africa -- Foreign economic relations -- European Union countries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2859 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007572
- Description: This research analyses development cooperation between the European Union (EU) and South Africa with the objective of determining which between the two entities, ultimately benefits more out of this arrangement The research goes beyond the altruistic reasons offered by the EU as the rationale for development cooperation to investigate whether South Africa's development is actually being promoted by this cooperation. Further, the research investigates whether there is also EU self-interest that informs this development cooperation. This research is conceptualised within the development aid debate framework. The research argues that this development cooperation is important to South Africa even though its impact is in real terms has not been extensive due to a number of factors. It further contends that there are EU political, security and economic interests amongst others that are being promoted by this development cooperation. The research concludes by asserting that this development cooperation promotes the mutual interests of the EU and South Africa. This conclusion challenges the paradigms of the debate on development aid which is premised in black and white terms of development aid promoting either donor or recipient interests.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Mavura, Mike Tigere
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: European Union Economic development -- South Africa European Union countries -- Foreign economic relations -- South Africa South Africa -- Foreign economic relations -- European Union countries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2859 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007572
- Description: This research analyses development cooperation between the European Union (EU) and South Africa with the objective of determining which between the two entities, ultimately benefits more out of this arrangement The research goes beyond the altruistic reasons offered by the EU as the rationale for development cooperation to investigate whether South Africa's development is actually being promoted by this cooperation. Further, the research investigates whether there is also EU self-interest that informs this development cooperation. This research is conceptualised within the development aid debate framework. The research argues that this development cooperation is important to South Africa even though its impact is in real terms has not been extensive due to a number of factors. It further contends that there are EU political, security and economic interests amongst others that are being promoted by this development cooperation. The research concludes by asserting that this development cooperation promotes the mutual interests of the EU and South Africa. This conclusion challenges the paradigms of the debate on development aid which is premised in black and white terms of development aid promoting either donor or recipient interests.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Pricing exotic options using C++
- Authors: Nhongo, Tawuya D R
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: C++ (Computer program language) , Monte Carlo method , Simulation methods , Options (Finance) -- Mathematical models , Pricing -- Mathematical models
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5577 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008373 , C++ (Computer program language) , Monte Carlo method , Simulation methods , Options (Finance) -- Mathematical models , Pricing -- Mathematical models
- Description: This document demonstrates the use of the C++ programming language as a simulation tool in the efficient pricing of exotic European options. Extensions to the basic problem of simulation pricing are undertaken including variance reduction by conditional expectation, control and antithetic variates. Ultimately we were able to produce a modularized, easily extend-able program which effectively makes use of Monte Carlo simulation techniques to price lookback, Asian and barrier exotic options. Theories of variance reduction were validated except in cases where we used control variates in combination with the other variance reduction techniques in which case we observed increased variance. Again, the main aim of this half thesis was to produce a C++ program which would produce stable pricings of exotic options.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Nhongo, Tawuya D R
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: C++ (Computer program language) , Monte Carlo method , Simulation methods , Options (Finance) -- Mathematical models , Pricing -- Mathematical models
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5577 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008373 , C++ (Computer program language) , Monte Carlo method , Simulation methods , Options (Finance) -- Mathematical models , Pricing -- Mathematical models
- Description: This document demonstrates the use of the C++ programming language as a simulation tool in the efficient pricing of exotic European options. Extensions to the basic problem of simulation pricing are undertaken including variance reduction by conditional expectation, control and antithetic variates. Ultimately we were able to produce a modularized, easily extend-able program which effectively makes use of Monte Carlo simulation techniques to price lookback, Asian and barrier exotic options. Theories of variance reduction were validated except in cases where we used control variates in combination with the other variance reduction techniques in which case we observed increased variance. Again, the main aim of this half thesis was to produce a C++ program which would produce stable pricings of exotic options.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
An investigation into the popularity of the Zimbabwean tabloid newspaper, uMthunywa: a reception study of Bulawayo readers
- Authors: Mabweazara, Hayes Mawindi
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: uMthunywa (Zimbabwe) Tabloid newspapers -- Zimbabwe Journalism -- Zimbabwe Newspapers -- Marketing -- Zimbabwe Mass media -- Social aspects -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3454 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002908
- Description: The development of the tabloid press has stirred heated debate among media scholars. Critics have argued against the relevance of tabloids in society, often framing them as the ‘journalistic other’ deserving no place in ‘serious’ journalism. Much of this criticism, however, has not been based on a close interrogation of the phenomenon, or an examination of the reasons for their popularity amongst readers. It is against this background that this study investigates the reasons behind the popularity of the Zimbabwean state-controlled tabloid newspaper uMthunywa, among its Bulawayo readers. In particular, it explores the meanings obtained from the content of the paper and the relevance of this content to the readers’ everyday lives. In undertaking this investigation, the study draws primarily on qualitative research methods, particularly qualitative content analysis and in-depth interviews (both group and individual). As the study demonstrates, these methods uncover the complex manner in which Bulawayo readers are attracted to uMthunywa and how they appropriate its textual meanings to their lived realities. The study establishes that despite uMthunywa being state-controlled, it offers space through which the conventional ways of presenting reality are challenged, and the importance of the newspaper being written in isiNdebele. As the study indicates, the popularity of the newspaper is largely dependent on its excessive formulaic and sensational stories, which cover issues experienced by its readers in their lived circumstances. The study thus argues that the newspaper constitutes an alternative mediated public sphere that finds space in the deeper social conditions that have alienated the people of Bulawayo from the macropolitical life of the nation and the ‘power bloc’.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Mabweazara, Hayes Mawindi
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: uMthunywa (Zimbabwe) Tabloid newspapers -- Zimbabwe Journalism -- Zimbabwe Newspapers -- Marketing -- Zimbabwe Mass media -- Social aspects -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3454 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002908
- Description: The development of the tabloid press has stirred heated debate among media scholars. Critics have argued against the relevance of tabloids in society, often framing them as the ‘journalistic other’ deserving no place in ‘serious’ journalism. Much of this criticism, however, has not been based on a close interrogation of the phenomenon, or an examination of the reasons for their popularity amongst readers. It is against this background that this study investigates the reasons behind the popularity of the Zimbabwean state-controlled tabloid newspaper uMthunywa, among its Bulawayo readers. In particular, it explores the meanings obtained from the content of the paper and the relevance of this content to the readers’ everyday lives. In undertaking this investigation, the study draws primarily on qualitative research methods, particularly qualitative content analysis and in-depth interviews (both group and individual). As the study demonstrates, these methods uncover the complex manner in which Bulawayo readers are attracted to uMthunywa and how they appropriate its textual meanings to their lived realities. The study establishes that despite uMthunywa being state-controlled, it offers space through which the conventional ways of presenting reality are challenged, and the importance of the newspaper being written in isiNdebele. As the study indicates, the popularity of the newspaper is largely dependent on its excessive formulaic and sensational stories, which cover issues experienced by its readers in their lived circumstances. The study thus argues that the newspaper constitutes an alternative mediated public sphere that finds space in the deeper social conditions that have alienated the people of Bulawayo from the macropolitical life of the nation and the ‘power bloc’.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Investigating the implementation of continuous assessment at the lower primary phase in a Namibian school
- Authors: Hamukonda, Paulina
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Education, Elementary -- Namibia Educational tests and measurements -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1592 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003474
- Description: Many Namibian teachers experience difficulties in actualising the principles of learner-centred education, one of which being continuous assessment. Continuous assessment serves important formative purposes. That is, it can inform education stakeholders and help improve learners’ progress in the teaching and learning environment. Although a great deal is known about continuous assessment in general, not much is yet known about how Namibian lower primary teachers actually understand and implement continuous assessment in the classroom. This study investigates the assessment practices of three Grade Three teachers in a school in Oshana Region of Namibia. The study found that although the teachers who participated in the investigation have a reasonably sound knowledge of continuous assessment in theory, they lack implementation skills. They were unable to effectively transfer what they know to what they actually do. This study found that as much as training of teachers is important, the ongoing professional development of teachers is more appropriate for enhancing a complex understanding of issues related to learner-centred education that will help them to manage continuous assessment more effectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Hamukonda, Paulina
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Education, Elementary -- Namibia Educational tests and measurements -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1592 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003474
- Description: Many Namibian teachers experience difficulties in actualising the principles of learner-centred education, one of which being continuous assessment. Continuous assessment serves important formative purposes. That is, it can inform education stakeholders and help improve learners’ progress in the teaching and learning environment. Although a great deal is known about continuous assessment in general, not much is yet known about how Namibian lower primary teachers actually understand and implement continuous assessment in the classroom. This study investigates the assessment practices of three Grade Three teachers in a school in Oshana Region of Namibia. The study found that although the teachers who participated in the investigation have a reasonably sound knowledge of continuous assessment in theory, they lack implementation skills. They were unable to effectively transfer what they know to what they actually do. This study found that as much as training of teachers is important, the ongoing professional development of teachers is more appropriate for enhancing a complex understanding of issues related to learner-centred education that will help them to manage continuous assessment more effectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Localisation of Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis virus non-structural proteins 2B, 2C, 2BC and 3A in BHK-21 cells, and the effect of amino acid substitutions in 2C on localisation and virus replication
- Authors: Murray, Lindsay
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Encephalomyelitis -- Genetic aspects , Amino acid sequence , Picornaviruses , Viruses -- Reproduction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4090 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007722 , Encephalomyelitis -- Genetic aspects , Amino acid sequence , Picornaviruses , Viruses -- Reproduction
- Description: The picornavirus family includes significant human and animal viruses such as poliovirus (PV), human rhinovirus (HRV) and foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV). Current disease treatment and control strategies are limited by an incomplete understanding of the interactions between the non-structural, replicative picornavirus proteins and host cell components. To investigate these interactions, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) 2B, 2C, 2BC and 3A proteins were transiently expressed in BHK-21 cells and detected by indirect immunostaining and laser-scanning or epifluorescence microscopy. The signal of the 2B protein overlapped with that of the ER marker protein, ERp60, as well as that of the peripheral Golgi marker protein, β-COP. The 2C protein overlapped with ERp60 in a faint reticular stain, and localised to large punctate structures that partially overlapped with β-COP at higher levels of expression. The 2BC protein located to large perinuclear structures that overlapped exclusively with β-COP. The TMEV 3A protein signal overlapped with both ERp60 and β-COP stains, in addition in cells expressing the 3A protein the ER appeared swollen and bulbous while the Golgi was dispersed in some cells. 2C and 2BC proteins with C-terminal deletions localised in the same manner as the wild type proteins indicating that the localisation signals that determine subcellular localisation of the proteins are within the N-terminal 60 amino acids of the 2C protein. The significance of the high degree of conservation of the N-terminal domain of the 2C protein throughout the Picornaviridae was investigated through the introduction of amino acid substitution mutations at highly conserved residues in the N-terminal domain of 2C into the viral cDNA. Upon transfection of the viral RNA into BHK-21 cells, it was observed that substitution of amino acid residues 8, 18 and 29 abolished the ability of TMEV to induce cytopathic effect (CPE), while substitution of residues 4, 14 and 23 only attenuated the ability of TMEV to induce CPE. To determine whether amino acid substitution mutations would affect the localisation of the 2C protein, 2C proteins with substitution mutations at amino acids 4, 8, 14, 18, 23 and 29 were transiently expressed in BHK-21 cells and detected by indirect imrnunostaining and examination by laser-scanning confocal and epifluorescence microscopy. The 2C mutant 4, 8 and 29 proteins showed slightly altered localisation patterns compared to the wild type protein with a significant portion of the proteins localising in a perinuclear stain suggesting possible localisation to the nuclear envelop. The 2C mutant 14 and 18 proteins localised to a diffuse pattern in BHK-21 cells while the 2C mutant 23 protein located to small punctate structures that partially overlapped with the ERp60 stain but were completely separate from the β-COP stain. Finally, a hydrophilic, antigenic region of the 2C protein was expressed in frame with an N-terminal GST tag and was successfully purified on a pilot-scale and detected by Western analysis. This 2C178 peptide will be used to generate antibodies against the 2C and 2BC proteins for use in future studies. This study has furthered our knowledge of the localisation of the picornavirus 2B, 2C, 2BC and 3A proteins in host cells and identified a possible link between this localisation and an ability of TMEV to replicate in BHK-21 cells.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Murray, Lindsay
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Encephalomyelitis -- Genetic aspects , Amino acid sequence , Picornaviruses , Viruses -- Reproduction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4090 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007722 , Encephalomyelitis -- Genetic aspects , Amino acid sequence , Picornaviruses , Viruses -- Reproduction
- Description: The picornavirus family includes significant human and animal viruses such as poliovirus (PV), human rhinovirus (HRV) and foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV). Current disease treatment and control strategies are limited by an incomplete understanding of the interactions between the non-structural, replicative picornavirus proteins and host cell components. To investigate these interactions, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) 2B, 2C, 2BC and 3A proteins were transiently expressed in BHK-21 cells and detected by indirect immunostaining and laser-scanning or epifluorescence microscopy. The signal of the 2B protein overlapped with that of the ER marker protein, ERp60, as well as that of the peripheral Golgi marker protein, β-COP. The 2C protein overlapped with ERp60 in a faint reticular stain, and localised to large punctate structures that partially overlapped with β-COP at higher levels of expression. The 2BC protein located to large perinuclear structures that overlapped exclusively with β-COP. The TMEV 3A protein signal overlapped with both ERp60 and β-COP stains, in addition in cells expressing the 3A protein the ER appeared swollen and bulbous while the Golgi was dispersed in some cells. 2C and 2BC proteins with C-terminal deletions localised in the same manner as the wild type proteins indicating that the localisation signals that determine subcellular localisation of the proteins are within the N-terminal 60 amino acids of the 2C protein. The significance of the high degree of conservation of the N-terminal domain of the 2C protein throughout the Picornaviridae was investigated through the introduction of amino acid substitution mutations at highly conserved residues in the N-terminal domain of 2C into the viral cDNA. Upon transfection of the viral RNA into BHK-21 cells, it was observed that substitution of amino acid residues 8, 18 and 29 abolished the ability of TMEV to induce cytopathic effect (CPE), while substitution of residues 4, 14 and 23 only attenuated the ability of TMEV to induce CPE. To determine whether amino acid substitution mutations would affect the localisation of the 2C protein, 2C proteins with substitution mutations at amino acids 4, 8, 14, 18, 23 and 29 were transiently expressed in BHK-21 cells and detected by indirect imrnunostaining and examination by laser-scanning confocal and epifluorescence microscopy. The 2C mutant 4, 8 and 29 proteins showed slightly altered localisation patterns compared to the wild type protein with a significant portion of the proteins localising in a perinuclear stain suggesting possible localisation to the nuclear envelop. The 2C mutant 14 and 18 proteins localised to a diffuse pattern in BHK-21 cells while the 2C mutant 23 protein located to small punctate structures that partially overlapped with the ERp60 stain but were completely separate from the β-COP stain. Finally, a hydrophilic, antigenic region of the 2C protein was expressed in frame with an N-terminal GST tag and was successfully purified on a pilot-scale and detected by Western analysis. This 2C178 peptide will be used to generate antibodies against the 2C and 2BC proteins for use in future studies. This study has furthered our knowledge of the localisation of the picornavirus 2B, 2C, 2BC and 3A proteins in host cells and identified a possible link between this localisation and an ability of TMEV to replicate in BHK-21 cells.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Extending the reach of personal area networks by transporting Bluetooth communications over IP networks
- Authors: Mackie, David Sean
- Date: 2007 , 2007-03-29
- Subjects: Bluetooth technology , Communication -- Technological innovations , Communication -- Network analysis , TCP/IP (Computer network protocol) , Computer networks , Computer network protocols , Wireless communication systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4637 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006551 , Bluetooth technology , Communication -- Technological innovations , Communication -- Network analysis , TCP/IP (Computer network protocol) , Computer networks , Computer network protocols , Wireless communication systems
- Description: This thesis presents an investigation of how to extend the reach of a Bluetooth personal area network by introducing the concept of Bluetooth Hotspots. Currently two Bluetooth devices cannot communicate with each other unless they are within radio range, since Bluetooth is designed as a cable-replacement technology for wireless communications over short ranges. An investigation was done into the feasibility of creating Bluetooth hotspots that allow distant Bluetooth devices to communicate with each other by transporting their communications between these hotspots via an alternative network infrastructure such as an IP network. Two approaches were investigated, masquerading of remote devices by the local hotspot to allow seamless communications and proxying services on remote devices by providing them on a local hotspot using a distributed service discovery database. The latter approach was used to develop applications capable of transporting Bluetooth’s RFCOMM and L2CAP protocols. Quantitative tests were performed to establish the throughput performance and latency of these transport applications. Furthermore, a number of selected Bluetooth services were tested which lead us to conclude that most data-based protocols can be transported by the system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Mackie, David Sean
- Date: 2007 , 2007-03-29
- Subjects: Bluetooth technology , Communication -- Technological innovations , Communication -- Network analysis , TCP/IP (Computer network protocol) , Computer networks , Computer network protocols , Wireless communication systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4637 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006551 , Bluetooth technology , Communication -- Technological innovations , Communication -- Network analysis , TCP/IP (Computer network protocol) , Computer networks , Computer network protocols , Wireless communication systems
- Description: This thesis presents an investigation of how to extend the reach of a Bluetooth personal area network by introducing the concept of Bluetooth Hotspots. Currently two Bluetooth devices cannot communicate with each other unless they are within radio range, since Bluetooth is designed as a cable-replacement technology for wireless communications over short ranges. An investigation was done into the feasibility of creating Bluetooth hotspots that allow distant Bluetooth devices to communicate with each other by transporting their communications between these hotspots via an alternative network infrastructure such as an IP network. Two approaches were investigated, masquerading of remote devices by the local hotspot to allow seamless communications and proxying services on remote devices by providing them on a local hotspot using a distributed service discovery database. The latter approach was used to develop applications capable of transporting Bluetooth’s RFCOMM and L2CAP protocols. Quantitative tests were performed to establish the throughput performance and latency of these transport applications. Furthermore, a number of selected Bluetooth services were tested which lead us to conclude that most data-based protocols can be transported by the system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
A critical analysis of employment equity measures in South Africa
- Authors: Laher, Ismail
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: South Africa. Employment Equity Act, 1998 , Labor laws and legislation -- South Africa , Discrimination in employment -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Affirmative action programs -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:3680 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003195 , South Africa. Employment Equity Act, 1998 , Labor laws and legislation -- South Africa , Discrimination in employment -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Affirmative action programs -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Description: This thesis analyses the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 and its application in labour law in South Africa. After an initial examination of the general concepts with regards to employment equity and current international conventions regarding employment equity, the study will move on to examine employment equity as it stands in the law today. In examining the current law regarding employment equity, a brief historical background will be offered in order to show the legacy of apartheid: the immense disparity between the different categories of South African people in the modern era. By using this background and analysing the relevant provisions of the Constitution, it will be argued that there is a very real need for employment equity measures to bring about a true sense of equality in South Africa and that such measures are fully endorsed by the Constitution. After it has been established that affirmative action is an important tool in the creation of an equal South Africa, the measures put in place to help create this equal South Africa will be critically analysed. This critical analysis will point out certain weaknesses in the current affirmative action system. Following this critical analysis of the South African employment equity law, the employment equity systems used in Brazil, Canada and Malaysia will be examined in detail. The purpose of this analysis will be to find the strengths and weaknesses and successes and failures of these foreign systems. This will be done in order to highlight those areas of the foreign systems that can be implemented into South African law in order to make the South African employment equity system stronger. The weaknesses of those systems will also be highlighted in order to learn valuable lessons from other system’s failures so that South Africa does not make the same mistakes. The final part of this thesis will be in depth discussions and the proposal of solutions to the weaknesses of the South African employment equity system that have been highlighted throughout the thesis. These proposals will be put forward in order to ensure the most efficient and effective employment equity system in South Africa. There will also be a reassessment of the most valuable lessons learned from the foreign systems that would be easily implemented into or avoided by the South African system in order to ensure an effective employment equity system. The purpose, therefore, of this thesis is to critically analyse employment equity in South Africa. A further purpose will be to propose certain amendments and changes to the current system to ensure the Employment Equity Act is reflective of the needs of the people South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Laher, Ismail
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: South Africa. Employment Equity Act, 1998 , Labor laws and legislation -- South Africa , Discrimination in employment -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Affirmative action programs -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:3680 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003195 , South Africa. Employment Equity Act, 1998 , Labor laws and legislation -- South Africa , Discrimination in employment -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Affirmative action programs -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Description: This thesis analyses the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 and its application in labour law in South Africa. After an initial examination of the general concepts with regards to employment equity and current international conventions regarding employment equity, the study will move on to examine employment equity as it stands in the law today. In examining the current law regarding employment equity, a brief historical background will be offered in order to show the legacy of apartheid: the immense disparity between the different categories of South African people in the modern era. By using this background and analysing the relevant provisions of the Constitution, it will be argued that there is a very real need for employment equity measures to bring about a true sense of equality in South Africa and that such measures are fully endorsed by the Constitution. After it has been established that affirmative action is an important tool in the creation of an equal South Africa, the measures put in place to help create this equal South Africa will be critically analysed. This critical analysis will point out certain weaknesses in the current affirmative action system. Following this critical analysis of the South African employment equity law, the employment equity systems used in Brazil, Canada and Malaysia will be examined in detail. The purpose of this analysis will be to find the strengths and weaknesses and successes and failures of these foreign systems. This will be done in order to highlight those areas of the foreign systems that can be implemented into South African law in order to make the South African employment equity system stronger. The weaknesses of those systems will also be highlighted in order to learn valuable lessons from other system’s failures so that South Africa does not make the same mistakes. The final part of this thesis will be in depth discussions and the proposal of solutions to the weaknesses of the South African employment equity system that have been highlighted throughout the thesis. These proposals will be put forward in order to ensure the most efficient and effective employment equity system in South Africa. There will also be a reassessment of the most valuable lessons learned from the foreign systems that would be easily implemented into or avoided by the South African system in order to ensure an effective employment equity system. The purpose, therefore, of this thesis is to critically analyse employment equity in South Africa. A further purpose will be to propose certain amendments and changes to the current system to ensure the Employment Equity Act is reflective of the needs of the people South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
"Freelance mystic": individuation, mythopoeia and metafiction in the early fiction of Russell Hoban
- Authors: Rumbold, Matthew Ivan
- Date: 2007 , 2013-06-26
- Subjects: Hoban, Russell -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2257 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004455
- Description: This thesis is an exploration of three interrelated modes - the psychological, the religious or mythopoeic, and the metafictional - in the early novels of Russell Hoban. It investigates the relationship between Hoban's religious vision and his literary style, through the lens of his 'fictional philosophy' as it is presented in his essay collection The Moment under the Moment. In Chapter One, Kleinzeit is analysed to illustrate Hoban's portrayal of a contemporary crisis of meaning. It includes an introduction to the pattern of individuation and an exposition of Hoban's unique notion of heroism as embodied in Kleinzeit's journey of self-discovery. Hoban's mythopoeic impulse is elucidated with particular reference to his use of the Orpheus and Eurydice myth. Finally, in an attempt to demonstrate Hoban's ideas on the relationship between language and reality, various metafictional techniques are examined, especially in relation to the theme of transcendence. In Chapter Two, the individuation theme in The Medusa Frequenry is considered as a work of mourning, portraying Herman Orfrs movement towards reconciliation and creative renewal. Following Paul Ricoeur, the Orpheus and Eurydice myth is seen as a myth of fault, embodying a primal transgression, and a source of the creative arts. The metafictional style is examined, especially the narrative mode, in order to show how Hoban dissolves the everyday world of reality into a fantastic realm of myth. Chapter Three focuses on the individuation pattern as initiation in Riddley Walker, charting the hero's growth into adulthood. Various myths in the text are analysed to show how they portray human development and the nuclear catastrophe as a mythic Fall. The chapter argues that through Riddley's quest Hoban evokes a redemptive and regenerative fertility myth. The unique literary style of the novel, including the characteristics of 'Riddleyspeak' and the complexity of the process of interpretation is studied. In Chapter Four, which deals with Pilgermann, the final phase of individuation - preparation for death - is discussed. Hoban's religious vision is dissected in relation to his mystical impulse as exemplified in the construction of the Hidden Lion pattern. Hoban's notion of God is investigated in relation to the philosophical problem of evil and suffering. Finally, Pilger mann is shown to be Hoban's mOSt experimental literary novel as it activates his recurring meta fictional techniques, investigations into narrative, and the relationship between language and the sacred. This thesis concludes that Hoban's fiction is best understood holistically with both his religious and literary concerns inextricably entwined. Throughout his novels Hoban explores the human condition in modernity affirming the paradoxical, dialectical and mysterious nature of being. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Rumbold, Matthew Ivan
- Date: 2007 , 2013-06-26
- Subjects: Hoban, Russell -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2257 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004455
- Description: This thesis is an exploration of three interrelated modes - the psychological, the religious or mythopoeic, and the metafictional - in the early novels of Russell Hoban. It investigates the relationship between Hoban's religious vision and his literary style, through the lens of his 'fictional philosophy' as it is presented in his essay collection The Moment under the Moment. In Chapter One, Kleinzeit is analysed to illustrate Hoban's portrayal of a contemporary crisis of meaning. It includes an introduction to the pattern of individuation and an exposition of Hoban's unique notion of heroism as embodied in Kleinzeit's journey of self-discovery. Hoban's mythopoeic impulse is elucidated with particular reference to his use of the Orpheus and Eurydice myth. Finally, in an attempt to demonstrate Hoban's ideas on the relationship between language and reality, various metafictional techniques are examined, especially in relation to the theme of transcendence. In Chapter Two, the individuation theme in The Medusa Frequenry is considered as a work of mourning, portraying Herman Orfrs movement towards reconciliation and creative renewal. Following Paul Ricoeur, the Orpheus and Eurydice myth is seen as a myth of fault, embodying a primal transgression, and a source of the creative arts. The metafictional style is examined, especially the narrative mode, in order to show how Hoban dissolves the everyday world of reality into a fantastic realm of myth. Chapter Three focuses on the individuation pattern as initiation in Riddley Walker, charting the hero's growth into adulthood. Various myths in the text are analysed to show how they portray human development and the nuclear catastrophe as a mythic Fall. The chapter argues that through Riddley's quest Hoban evokes a redemptive and regenerative fertility myth. The unique literary style of the novel, including the characteristics of 'Riddleyspeak' and the complexity of the process of interpretation is studied. In Chapter Four, which deals with Pilgermann, the final phase of individuation - preparation for death - is discussed. Hoban's religious vision is dissected in relation to his mystical impulse as exemplified in the construction of the Hidden Lion pattern. Hoban's notion of God is investigated in relation to the philosophical problem of evil and suffering. Finally, Pilger mann is shown to be Hoban's mOSt experimental literary novel as it activates his recurring meta fictional techniques, investigations into narrative, and the relationship between language and the sacred. This thesis concludes that Hoban's fiction is best understood holistically with both his religious and literary concerns inextricably entwined. Throughout his novels Hoban explores the human condition in modernity affirming the paradoxical, dialectical and mysterious nature of being. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Women living with HIV/AIDS: a phenomenological intergenerational interpretation of their experiences
- Chisaka, Janet Kaemba Chishimba
- Authors: Chisaka, Janet Kaemba Chishimba
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) in women -- South Africa -- Case studies HIV positive women -- South Africa -- Case studies Poor women -- South Africa -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3307 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003095
- Description: This study deals with the impact of HIV/AIDS on women living in chronic poverty. The question arises: Do we focus on their HIV/AIDS stories only or do we include their other lived experiences? This phenomenological study, on two sets of three generations of women infected and affected by HIV/AIDS and living in poverty, is an attempt at understanding the way the women experience their lifeworlds, not only their HIV/AIDS stories. One set includes a grandmother, her daughter who is living with full-blown AIDS, and her granddaughter, while the other includes a grandmother, her daughter and her granddaughter infected with HIV. The initial focus of the study was on the women’s HIV/AIDS narratives. However as the study progressed, especially during the interviews, it became apparent that the women’s generational poverty or chronic poverty was of greater concern to them than the HIV/AIDS that they were experiencing. Of the six participants, only one woman centred her life story on HIV/AIDS. This finding echoes other studies on HIV/AIDS among poor women: that chronic poverty is more threatening to the women than the risk or reality of AIDS. As a phenomenological researcher my aim was to focus on the participants’ own interpretations of the studied phenomenon. However, this was inadequate in accounting for the role that social structures play in shaping and informing the women’s subjective consciousness and experience. For this reason, I used feminist ideas to understand and interpret the women’s patriarchal experiences.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Women living with HIV/AIDS: a phenomenological intergenerational interpretation of their experiences
- Authors: Chisaka, Janet Kaemba Chishimba
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) in women -- South Africa -- Case studies HIV positive women -- South Africa -- Case studies Poor women -- South Africa -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3307 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003095
- Description: This study deals with the impact of HIV/AIDS on women living in chronic poverty. The question arises: Do we focus on their HIV/AIDS stories only or do we include their other lived experiences? This phenomenological study, on two sets of three generations of women infected and affected by HIV/AIDS and living in poverty, is an attempt at understanding the way the women experience their lifeworlds, not only their HIV/AIDS stories. One set includes a grandmother, her daughter who is living with full-blown AIDS, and her granddaughter, while the other includes a grandmother, her daughter and her granddaughter infected with HIV. The initial focus of the study was on the women’s HIV/AIDS narratives. However as the study progressed, especially during the interviews, it became apparent that the women’s generational poverty or chronic poverty was of greater concern to them than the HIV/AIDS that they were experiencing. Of the six participants, only one woman centred her life story on HIV/AIDS. This finding echoes other studies on HIV/AIDS among poor women: that chronic poverty is more threatening to the women than the risk or reality of AIDS. As a phenomenological researcher my aim was to focus on the participants’ own interpretations of the studied phenomenon. However, this was inadequate in accounting for the role that social structures play in shaping and informing the women’s subjective consciousness and experience. For this reason, I used feminist ideas to understand and interpret the women’s patriarchal experiences.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
The representation of South African women politicians in the Sunday Times during the 2004 presidential and general elections
- Authors: Katembo, Tina Kabunda
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Sunday Times (Johannesburg, South Africa) Women politicians -- South Africa Women in mass media Mass media -- Political aspects -- South Africa Elections -- South Africa South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1994-
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3445 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002899
- Description: This study analysed the representation of South African women politicians in the Sunday Times’ election news during the 2004 Presidential and general elections, by drawing on perspectives from cultural studies, the constructionist approach to representation and the sociology of news production. Using content analysis and critical discourse analysis, the study found that very few women politicians were used as news actors/sources in the Sunday Times, and that when women politicians were figured, the paper tended to present them in ways that serve to sustain women’s subordinate status in society. Using content analysis, the study analysed 106 news items published between January 1, 2004 and April 30, 2004, and found that of all the 588 identifiable news actors/sources counted, 135 were women and 453 were men. Of these, only 7.67% (or 26) were women politicians and 92.33% (or 313) were men politicians. On average however, the amount of words allocated to a woman politician was more than that allocated to a man politician. The discourse analysis also revealed how the Sunday Times managed to reproduce textually the hegemonic power relations between women and men, by constructing different subject positions for women politicians and men politicians, which generally tended to be negative and positive respectively. In the representation of women politicians, the study revealed patterns that tended to ascribe them negative personality traits, accentuate their passivity and dependency on men, and construct them as incompetent political leaders. This study’s conclusions pose a challenge to the role of the national newspaper in the transformation of gender relations and the promotion of equal access to political and decision-making positions, and to the news media. News discourse, as a social practice, both determines and is determined by the social structure in which it is produced. By systematically reproducing subordinate subject positions for women in the news, the Sunday Times helps to further women’s subordinate status in society. Particularly, as part of the broader social cultural context that is embedded in patriarchal and gender ideologies, the Sunday Times does not merely reflect but actively and effectively constructs the reality it claims to be representing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Katembo, Tina Kabunda
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Sunday Times (Johannesburg, South Africa) Women politicians -- South Africa Women in mass media Mass media -- Political aspects -- South Africa Elections -- South Africa South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1994-
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3445 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002899
- Description: This study analysed the representation of South African women politicians in the Sunday Times’ election news during the 2004 Presidential and general elections, by drawing on perspectives from cultural studies, the constructionist approach to representation and the sociology of news production. Using content analysis and critical discourse analysis, the study found that very few women politicians were used as news actors/sources in the Sunday Times, and that when women politicians were figured, the paper tended to present them in ways that serve to sustain women’s subordinate status in society. Using content analysis, the study analysed 106 news items published between January 1, 2004 and April 30, 2004, and found that of all the 588 identifiable news actors/sources counted, 135 were women and 453 were men. Of these, only 7.67% (or 26) were women politicians and 92.33% (or 313) were men politicians. On average however, the amount of words allocated to a woman politician was more than that allocated to a man politician. The discourse analysis also revealed how the Sunday Times managed to reproduce textually the hegemonic power relations between women and men, by constructing different subject positions for women politicians and men politicians, which generally tended to be negative and positive respectively. In the representation of women politicians, the study revealed patterns that tended to ascribe them negative personality traits, accentuate their passivity and dependency on men, and construct them as incompetent political leaders. This study’s conclusions pose a challenge to the role of the national newspaper in the transformation of gender relations and the promotion of equal access to political and decision-making positions, and to the news media. News discourse, as a social practice, both determines and is determined by the social structure in which it is produced. By systematically reproducing subordinate subject positions for women in the news, the Sunday Times helps to further women’s subordinate status in society. Particularly, as part of the broader social cultural context that is embedded in patriarchal and gender ideologies, the Sunday Times does not merely reflect but actively and effectively constructs the reality it claims to be representing.
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- Date Issued: 2007
The educationally-related challenges faced by teenage mothers on returning to school: a Namibian case study
- Authors: Shaningwa, Lilia Mariro
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Teenage mothers -- Namibia -- Case studies Teenagers -- Education -- Namibia -- Case studies Education, Secondary -- Namibia -- Case studies Teenage pregnancy -- Namibia -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1506 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003388
- Description: The study aimed to investigate the educationally-related challenges faced by teenage mothers in coming back to school in two senior schools in the Kavango Education Region. This small-scale study focused on the challenges that influence or affect the academic progress and development of these learners. The study looked at how teenage pregnancy is perceived as a social problem in many countries as well as in Namibia and examined its impact on the educational aspirations of the young mothers. Namibia has a policy in place to cater for the continued education of learners returning to school after the birth of their babies. This policy was analysed and its implementation in the selected schools formed part of the study, The findings revealed that the educational challenges faced by these young women range from social exclusion to the need to manage the dual responsibilities of motherhood and study. The way in which the learners who participated in this study are viewed by their peers and their teachers was found to be influenced by the cultural connotations ascribed to women as soon as they become mothers, a factor that adds to the challenges these learners face when returning to schools. Cultural connotations which perceived a mother as an adult in the society was attached to the change of the behaviours and attitudes of school young mothers. The findings also showed that while these learners tended to be withdrawn in class and were generally unable to participate in extra-mural activities, they none the less were able to compete with their peers in terms of their academic performance. The study revealed that there is no shared understanding of the policy among the participants and that it is not effectively implemented in the schools, nor is it uniformly applied.
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- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Shaningwa, Lilia Mariro
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Teenage mothers -- Namibia -- Case studies Teenagers -- Education -- Namibia -- Case studies Education, Secondary -- Namibia -- Case studies Teenage pregnancy -- Namibia -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1506 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003388
- Description: The study aimed to investigate the educationally-related challenges faced by teenage mothers in coming back to school in two senior schools in the Kavango Education Region. This small-scale study focused on the challenges that influence or affect the academic progress and development of these learners. The study looked at how teenage pregnancy is perceived as a social problem in many countries as well as in Namibia and examined its impact on the educational aspirations of the young mothers. Namibia has a policy in place to cater for the continued education of learners returning to school after the birth of their babies. This policy was analysed and its implementation in the selected schools formed part of the study, The findings revealed that the educational challenges faced by these young women range from social exclusion to the need to manage the dual responsibilities of motherhood and study. The way in which the learners who participated in this study are viewed by their peers and their teachers was found to be influenced by the cultural connotations ascribed to women as soon as they become mothers, a factor that adds to the challenges these learners face when returning to schools. Cultural connotations which perceived a mother as an adult in the society was attached to the change of the behaviours and attitudes of school young mothers. The findings also showed that while these learners tended to be withdrawn in class and were generally unable to participate in extra-mural activities, they none the less were able to compete with their peers in terms of their academic performance. The study revealed that there is no shared understanding of the policy among the participants and that it is not effectively implemented in the schools, nor is it uniformly applied.
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- Date Issued: 2007
An investigation of the sustainability of the Imbewu Project at Phiwe Primary School
- Authors: Maselana, Thobeka
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Project method in teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School improvement programs -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Case studies Educational change -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Education and state -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1924 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007509
- Description: Sustainable development and projects are relatively new terms In the South African context. This study explores these concepts as they relate to a school that is piloting a project in the Eastern Cape. A number of projects have been introduced in disadvantaged schools to redress imbalances of the past. Funders invest a lot of money, but when they leave, schools struggle to sustain these initiatives. This study aims to investigate whether the Imbewu Project, an educational development pilot project meant to improve schools in the Eastern Cape, made provision for long-term sustainability and whether the school sustained the project. Very little research seems to have been conducted on sustainability, especially in South Africa (SA). The study is conducted in the interpretive paradigm. A single case study involving a number of stakeholders at Phiwe Primary School (PPS) was conducted through observations, interviews, focus groups and document analysis. The study found that the action research strategy intended for the project was constrained by the limited time allowed. In addition, the approach did not address processes which are important for sustainability. Also, the cascade approach to learning is not successful in organisations that have not reached the status of being learning organisations. PPS is still struggling to change its culture and therefore one can say that they cannot sustain the changes that are brought by the project. Firstly, they did not involve the parents in most modules as the project suggested. Secondly, some facilitators did not understand the project. Thirdly, although the project provided for monitoring and support, the study found that there was inadequate support from the project team and district officials. There was a shortage of district officials because the Eastern Cape Department of Education did not invest in appointing people that could sustain the project. However, there are areas where the school is doing an outstanding job despite the fact that there was very little support. The school performed well in implementing and sustaining the project in the following areas: learner welfare, community involvement and involvement of staff members in committees.
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- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Maselana, Thobeka
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Project method in teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School improvement programs -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Case studies Educational change -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Education and state -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1924 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007509
- Description: Sustainable development and projects are relatively new terms In the South African context. This study explores these concepts as they relate to a school that is piloting a project in the Eastern Cape. A number of projects have been introduced in disadvantaged schools to redress imbalances of the past. Funders invest a lot of money, but when they leave, schools struggle to sustain these initiatives. This study aims to investigate whether the Imbewu Project, an educational development pilot project meant to improve schools in the Eastern Cape, made provision for long-term sustainability and whether the school sustained the project. Very little research seems to have been conducted on sustainability, especially in South Africa (SA). The study is conducted in the interpretive paradigm. A single case study involving a number of stakeholders at Phiwe Primary School (PPS) was conducted through observations, interviews, focus groups and document analysis. The study found that the action research strategy intended for the project was constrained by the limited time allowed. In addition, the approach did not address processes which are important for sustainability. Also, the cascade approach to learning is not successful in organisations that have not reached the status of being learning organisations. PPS is still struggling to change its culture and therefore one can say that they cannot sustain the changes that are brought by the project. Firstly, they did not involve the parents in most modules as the project suggested. Secondly, some facilitators did not understand the project. Thirdly, although the project provided for monitoring and support, the study found that there was inadequate support from the project team and district officials. There was a shortage of district officials because the Eastern Cape Department of Education did not invest in appointing people that could sustain the project. However, there are areas where the school is doing an outstanding job despite the fact that there was very little support. The school performed well in implementing and sustaining the project in the following areas: learner welfare, community involvement and involvement of staff members in committees.
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- Date Issued: 2007
Isolation of a Clostridium Beijerinckii sLM01 cellulosome and the effect of sulphide on anaerobic digestion
- Authors: Mayende, Lungisa
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Cellulose , Clostridium , Cellulase , Sulfides
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3973 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004032 , Cellulose , Clostridium , Cellulase , Sulfides
- Description: Cellulose is the most abundant and the most resistant and stable natural organic compound on earth. Enzyme hydrolysis is difficult because of its insolubility and heterogeneity. Some (anaerobic) microorganisms have overcome this by having a multienzyme system called the cellulosome. The aims of the study were to isolate a mesophilic Clostridium sp. from a biosulphidogenic bioreactor, to purify the cellulosome from this culture, to determine the cellulase and endoglucanase activities using Avicel and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as substrates and the dinitrosalicyclic (DNS) method. The organism was identified using 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The sequence obtained indicated that a strain of Clostridium beijerinckii was isolated. The cellulosome was purified from the putative C. beijerinckii sLM01 host culture using affinity chromatography purification and affinity digestion purification procedures. The cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal fractions of C. beijerinckii sLM01 were separated successfully, but the majority of the endoglucanase activity was lost during the Sepharose 4B chromatography step. These cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal fractions were characterised with regards to their pH and temperature optima and effector sensitivity. Increased additions of sulphide activated the cellulase activity of the cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal fractions up to 700 %, while increased additions of sulphate either increased the activity slightly or inhibited it dramatically, depending on the cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal fractions. Increased additions of cellobiose, glucose and acetate inhibited the cellulase and endoglucanase activities. pH optima of 5.0 and 7.5 were observed for cellulases and 5.0 for endoglucanases of the cellulosomal fraction. The noncellulosomal fraction exhibited a pH optimum of 7.5 for both cellulase and endoglucanase activities. Both fractions and enzymes exhibited a temperature optimum of 30 °C. The fundamental knowledge gained from the characterisation was applied to anaerobic digestion, where the effect of sulphide on the rate-limiting step was determined. Sulphide activated cellulase and endoglucanase activities and increased the % chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate. Levels of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were higher in the bioreactor containing sulphide, substrate and C. beijerinckii. Sulphide therefore accelerated the rate-limiting step of anaerobic digestion.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Mayende, Lungisa
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Cellulose , Clostridium , Cellulase , Sulfides
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3973 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004032 , Cellulose , Clostridium , Cellulase , Sulfides
- Description: Cellulose is the most abundant and the most resistant and stable natural organic compound on earth. Enzyme hydrolysis is difficult because of its insolubility and heterogeneity. Some (anaerobic) microorganisms have overcome this by having a multienzyme system called the cellulosome. The aims of the study were to isolate a mesophilic Clostridium sp. from a biosulphidogenic bioreactor, to purify the cellulosome from this culture, to determine the cellulase and endoglucanase activities using Avicel and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as substrates and the dinitrosalicyclic (DNS) method. The organism was identified using 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The sequence obtained indicated that a strain of Clostridium beijerinckii was isolated. The cellulosome was purified from the putative C. beijerinckii sLM01 host culture using affinity chromatography purification and affinity digestion purification procedures. The cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal fractions of C. beijerinckii sLM01 were separated successfully, but the majority of the endoglucanase activity was lost during the Sepharose 4B chromatography step. These cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal fractions were characterised with regards to their pH and temperature optima and effector sensitivity. Increased additions of sulphide activated the cellulase activity of the cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal fractions up to 700 %, while increased additions of sulphate either increased the activity slightly or inhibited it dramatically, depending on the cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal fractions. Increased additions of cellobiose, glucose and acetate inhibited the cellulase and endoglucanase activities. pH optima of 5.0 and 7.5 were observed for cellulases and 5.0 for endoglucanases of the cellulosomal fraction. The noncellulosomal fraction exhibited a pH optimum of 7.5 for both cellulase and endoglucanase activities. Both fractions and enzymes exhibited a temperature optimum of 30 °C. The fundamental knowledge gained from the characterisation was applied to anaerobic digestion, where the effect of sulphide on the rate-limiting step was determined. Sulphide activated cellulase and endoglucanase activities and increased the % chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate. Levels of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were higher in the bioreactor containing sulphide, substrate and C. beijerinckii. Sulphide therefore accelerated the rate-limiting step of anaerobic digestion.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Measuring the RFI environment of the South African SKA site
- Authors: Manners, Paul John
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Radio telescopes , Radio telescopes -- South Africa , Radio astronomy , Radio astronomy -- South Africa , Square Kilometer Array (Spacecraft) , Radio -- Interference -- Measurement
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5474 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005259 , Radio telescopes , Radio telescopes -- South Africa , Radio astronomy , Radio astronomy -- South Africa , Square Kilometer Array (Spacecraft) , Radio -- Interference -- Measurement
- Description: The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) Project is an international effort to build the world’s largest radio telescope. It will be 100 times more sensitive than any other radio telescope currently in existence and will consist of thousands of dishes placed at baselines up to 3000 km. In addition to its increased sensitivity it will operate over a very wide frequency range (current specification is 100 MHz - 22 GHz) and will use frequency bands not primarily allocated to radio astronomy. Because of this the telescope needs to be located at a site with low levels of radio frequency interference (RFI). This implies a site that is remote and away from human activity. In bidding to host the SKA, South Africa was required to conduct an RFI survey at its proposed site for a period of 12 months. Apart from this core site, where more than half the SKA dishes may potentially be deployed, the measurement of remote sites in Southern Africa was also required. To conduct measurements at these sites, three mobile measurement systems were designed and built by the South African SKA Project. The design considerations, implementation and RFI measurements recorded during this campaign will be the focus for this dissertation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Manners, Paul John
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Radio telescopes , Radio telescopes -- South Africa , Radio astronomy , Radio astronomy -- South Africa , Square Kilometer Array (Spacecraft) , Radio -- Interference -- Measurement
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5474 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005259 , Radio telescopes , Radio telescopes -- South Africa , Radio astronomy , Radio astronomy -- South Africa , Square Kilometer Array (Spacecraft) , Radio -- Interference -- Measurement
- Description: The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) Project is an international effort to build the world’s largest radio telescope. It will be 100 times more sensitive than any other radio telescope currently in existence and will consist of thousands of dishes placed at baselines up to 3000 km. In addition to its increased sensitivity it will operate over a very wide frequency range (current specification is 100 MHz - 22 GHz) and will use frequency bands not primarily allocated to radio astronomy. Because of this the telescope needs to be located at a site with low levels of radio frequency interference (RFI). This implies a site that is remote and away from human activity. In bidding to host the SKA, South Africa was required to conduct an RFI survey at its proposed site for a period of 12 months. Apart from this core site, where more than half the SKA dishes may potentially be deployed, the measurement of remote sites in Southern Africa was also required. To conduct measurements at these sites, three mobile measurement systems were designed and built by the South African SKA Project. The design considerations, implementation and RFI measurements recorded during this campaign will be the focus for this dissertation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Past trauma, anxious future a case-based evaluation of the Ehlers and Clark model for PTSD applied in Africa
- Authors: Van der Linde, Francois
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Cognitive therapy Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Africa Rape trauma syndrome -- Treatment -- Africa Rape victims -- Africa Anxiety -- Treatment Depression, Mental -- Treatment Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Patients Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3075 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002584
- Description: This research report documents the therapeutic intervention undertaken with a 23-year-old Swazi rape victim. The format of this research report takes the form of a case study that follows the principles proposed by Fishman (2005). Its aim is to document the treatment process of an individual of African decent in order to establish whether the treatment model can be effective in clinical settings and in contexts and cultural settings different from that in which it was developed. The Ehlers and Clark (2000) cognitive therapy model for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was utilised to assess, conceptualise, and treat the case. The client entered therapy three years after being raped for a third time. The case formulation identified factors maintaining the disorder as well as how other traumatic and abusive events earlier in her life influenced her response to the rapes. Data consisted off audio-tape recordings and detailed written synopses of each assessment and therapy session, psychometric measurement instruments and self-report scales completed throughout the intervention, material written by the client, and a research interview conducted by an independent party. She was treated for PTSD and comorbid depression over a period of five months in accordance with the principles described by Ehlers and Clark and a narrative of the treatment process was written. The case narrative in conjunction with quantitative data suggested that this model assisted the client in initiating a healing process. As such the model was found to be both effective and transportable to an African context. Various points of discussion are highlighted, including the challenges of working with PTSD and comorbid major depression, the client-therapist relationship, and that a client and therapist from different cultures, backgrounds, and with different home languages can work together effectively using the Ehlers and Clark model.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Van der Linde, Francois
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Cognitive therapy Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Africa Rape trauma syndrome -- Treatment -- Africa Rape victims -- Africa Anxiety -- Treatment Depression, Mental -- Treatment Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Patients Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3075 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002584
- Description: This research report documents the therapeutic intervention undertaken with a 23-year-old Swazi rape victim. The format of this research report takes the form of a case study that follows the principles proposed by Fishman (2005). Its aim is to document the treatment process of an individual of African decent in order to establish whether the treatment model can be effective in clinical settings and in contexts and cultural settings different from that in which it was developed. The Ehlers and Clark (2000) cognitive therapy model for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was utilised to assess, conceptualise, and treat the case. The client entered therapy three years after being raped for a third time. The case formulation identified factors maintaining the disorder as well as how other traumatic and abusive events earlier in her life influenced her response to the rapes. Data consisted off audio-tape recordings and detailed written synopses of each assessment and therapy session, psychometric measurement instruments and self-report scales completed throughout the intervention, material written by the client, and a research interview conducted by an independent party. She was treated for PTSD and comorbid depression over a period of five months in accordance with the principles described by Ehlers and Clark and a narrative of the treatment process was written. The case narrative in conjunction with quantitative data suggested that this model assisted the client in initiating a healing process. As such the model was found to be both effective and transportable to an African context. Various points of discussion are highlighted, including the challenges of working with PTSD and comorbid major depression, the client-therapist relationship, and that a client and therapist from different cultures, backgrounds, and with different home languages can work together effectively using the Ehlers and Clark model.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007