Media reach and reception in development communication: the case of the Rural Industries Innovation Centre in Botswana
- Authors: Maleke, Jackson Mogopodi
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Rural Industries Innovation Centre (Kanye, Botswana) , Communication in rural development , Mass media in community development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3455 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002909 , Rural Industries Innovation Centre (Kanye, Botswana) , Communication in rural development , Mass media in community development
- Description: The study was conducted in Phitshane-Molopo in Botswana. Phitshane-Molopo is located about 115 kilometers south of the main village of Kanye in which the Rural Industries Innovation Centre operates. The study constitutes the first attempt at evaluating audience reach and reception of the RIIC media messages. In this study, a sample of 50 representatives of households (the rationale is covered in chapter 1) was taken, for which a questionnaire was administered, including conducting in-depth interviews with key informants. The study found that RIlC media are not reaching the audience in keeping with the corporate goals and assumptions on the basis of which the communication strategy was established. The audience has claimed that the print media relayed to them through the extension officer channel do not reach them. The study also found that the audience possessed adequate literacy skills and the majority of them could read materials produced in Setswana. Only a few individuals preferred media text produced in the English language. The study therefore deplores RIIC's proclivity towards producing its media texts only in the English language. This has tended to marginalise members of the audience who cannot read in English. It is thus hoped that this study would provide a learning experience for RIIC to consider producing its communication media in relation to the needs of the audience. The study also found that the impact of the RIIC radio programme is very poor, with only a low of 2% of the sample population having listened to this programme. The problem stems from the poor Radio Botswana transmission system. The audience said that for the larger part of the day, they can't get Radio Botswana on air. As a result, they have shifted their interest to the South African radio stations such as Radio Tswana and Radio Mmabatho, which are constantly on air. The study concludes that the RIIC communication strategy is failing in the study area because the paradigm in which it is located is somewhat flawed, as a result of which it does not effectively impact upon reach and reception. At the core of this failure rate are implementation problems and the lack of evaluation that would have picked up the - problems earlier, for which solutions would have been found. Consequently, th~$tudy recommends the need to explore the suitability and effectiveness of the indigenous media for possible syncretization with conventional media as recommended in the need based integrative model (Nwosu and Megwa: 1993). Indigenous media are ideally suited to rural communication needs because they are consistent with the socio-cultural expectations of the audience. RIIC therefore stands to benefit from these media because the bulk of its audience resides in rural areas.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Maleke, Jackson Mogopodi
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Rural Industries Innovation Centre (Kanye, Botswana) , Communication in rural development , Mass media in community development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3455 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002909 , Rural Industries Innovation Centre (Kanye, Botswana) , Communication in rural development , Mass media in community development
- Description: The study was conducted in Phitshane-Molopo in Botswana. Phitshane-Molopo is located about 115 kilometers south of the main village of Kanye in which the Rural Industries Innovation Centre operates. The study constitutes the first attempt at evaluating audience reach and reception of the RIIC media messages. In this study, a sample of 50 representatives of households (the rationale is covered in chapter 1) was taken, for which a questionnaire was administered, including conducting in-depth interviews with key informants. The study found that RIlC media are not reaching the audience in keeping with the corporate goals and assumptions on the basis of which the communication strategy was established. The audience has claimed that the print media relayed to them through the extension officer channel do not reach them. The study also found that the audience possessed adequate literacy skills and the majority of them could read materials produced in Setswana. Only a few individuals preferred media text produced in the English language. The study therefore deplores RIIC's proclivity towards producing its media texts only in the English language. This has tended to marginalise members of the audience who cannot read in English. It is thus hoped that this study would provide a learning experience for RIIC to consider producing its communication media in relation to the needs of the audience. The study also found that the impact of the RIIC radio programme is very poor, with only a low of 2% of the sample population having listened to this programme. The problem stems from the poor Radio Botswana transmission system. The audience said that for the larger part of the day, they can't get Radio Botswana on air. As a result, they have shifted their interest to the South African radio stations such as Radio Tswana and Radio Mmabatho, which are constantly on air. The study concludes that the RIIC communication strategy is failing in the study area because the paradigm in which it is located is somewhat flawed, as a result of which it does not effectively impact upon reach and reception. At the core of this failure rate are implementation problems and the lack of evaluation that would have picked up the - problems earlier, for which solutions would have been found. Consequently, th~$tudy recommends the need to explore the suitability and effectiveness of the indigenous media for possible syncretization with conventional media as recommended in the need based integrative model (Nwosu and Megwa: 1993). Indigenous media are ideally suited to rural communication needs because they are consistent with the socio-cultural expectations of the audience. RIIC therefore stands to benefit from these media because the bulk of its audience resides in rural areas.
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'n Intertekstuele studie : Die werfbobbejaan van Alexander Strachan
- Authors: Loots, Sonja
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Strachan, Alexander Die Werfbobbejaan
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3592 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002167 , Strachan, Alexander Die Werfbobbejaan
- Description: The title, "'n Intertekstuele studie: Die werfbobbejaan van Alexander Strachan", refers to an analysis of the way in which intertextual processes generate meaning in this text. It is analysed with specific regard to the way in which it enters into signifying and detennining relationships with other texts, notably texts by the same author. A significant part of the intertexts that are reassembled, refined, restated, amplified, contradicted or diffused throughout Die werfbobbejaan are located in other works in the Strachan oeuvre: n Wereld sonder grense (1984) and Die jakkalsjagter (1990). These three texts are related as a triptych of intertextual association, and the boundaries between them are not hermetically sealed. Intertextual activity in Die werfbobbejaan involves an intricate network of interfigural relationships. The identities of numerous characters in the text start to coincide with those of other characters to which they are linked intertextually. Characters travel across the boundaries supposedly separating "different" texts. The doubling and displacing of characters alert us to the fact that the text is not fixed within stable boundaries. Codes, scenes, snippets of dialogue and even moods also penetrate the boundaries between "different" texts and recur in the form of mirror images or ghostly transformations of themselves. These intertextual patterns mobilise an active reading process and unify the act of reading with that of writing in "a single signifying process" (Barthes 1979: 79). The narrator in Die werfbobbejaan is a woman writing a biography about an author. Reading his novels and unpublished manuscript she finds that the manuscript of her subject anticipates and later even dictates "extra-textual" reality and inserts her into the fiction. The way in which the biography is taken up in the play of intertextuality leads to the perception that the fictional author is an intertextual mirror image of the real author, who belongs to the extra-textual world outside the book. In this way intertextual activity in Die werfbobbejaan destabilizes the frame between fiction and reality. No reading of Die werfbobbejaan can be complete without taking into account the plurality of simultaneously perceived meanings triggered by intertextual activity in the text.
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- Authors: Loots, Sonja
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Strachan, Alexander Die Werfbobbejaan
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3592 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002167 , Strachan, Alexander Die Werfbobbejaan
- Description: The title, "'n Intertekstuele studie: Die werfbobbejaan van Alexander Strachan", refers to an analysis of the way in which intertextual processes generate meaning in this text. It is analysed with specific regard to the way in which it enters into signifying and detennining relationships with other texts, notably texts by the same author. A significant part of the intertexts that are reassembled, refined, restated, amplified, contradicted or diffused throughout Die werfbobbejaan are located in other works in the Strachan oeuvre: n Wereld sonder grense (1984) and Die jakkalsjagter (1990). These three texts are related as a triptych of intertextual association, and the boundaries between them are not hermetically sealed. Intertextual activity in Die werfbobbejaan involves an intricate network of interfigural relationships. The identities of numerous characters in the text start to coincide with those of other characters to which they are linked intertextually. Characters travel across the boundaries supposedly separating "different" texts. The doubling and displacing of characters alert us to the fact that the text is not fixed within stable boundaries. Codes, scenes, snippets of dialogue and even moods also penetrate the boundaries between "different" texts and recur in the form of mirror images or ghostly transformations of themselves. These intertextual patterns mobilise an active reading process and unify the act of reading with that of writing in "a single signifying process" (Barthes 1979: 79). The narrator in Die werfbobbejaan is a woman writing a biography about an author. Reading his novels and unpublished manuscript she finds that the manuscript of her subject anticipates and later even dictates "extra-textual" reality and inserts her into the fiction. The way in which the biography is taken up in the play of intertextuality leads to the perception that the fictional author is an intertextual mirror image of the real author, who belongs to the extra-textual world outside the book. In this way intertextual activity in Die werfbobbejaan destabilizes the frame between fiction and reality. No reading of Die werfbobbejaan can be complete without taking into account the plurality of simultaneously perceived meanings triggered by intertextual activity in the text.
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A social history of white working class women in industrializing Port Elizabeth, 1917-1936
- Authors: Gibbs, Patricia Anne
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Women -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- History , Women -- Employment -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- History , Port Elizabeth (South Africa) -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2543 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002395 , Women -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- History , Women -- Employment -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- History , Port Elizabeth (South Africa) -- History
- Description: The study period saw a significant increase in the urbanisation of whites and blacks in Port Elizabeth induced by droughts and coercive legislation, but also by burgeoning industrialisation. Industry had been given great stimulus by World War 1 and maintained by protectionist legislation in the 1920s which the local state and industrialists came to endorse. The ethos of the town was overwhelmingly British in terms of the population, the composition of the local council, business interests and the prevailing culture. Whites formed the largest component of the population in Port Elizabeth during the inter-war years. The majority of white women lived in the North End, the industrial hub and a major working class area of the city. Although the provision of housing was initially neglected, economic and subeconomic housing in the 1930s helped to create both racial separation and a sense of community between sectors of the working class. Yet, white working class women did not form a homogenous group, but rather consisted of different ethnic groups, occupations and classes. The Afrikaans speaking sector, formed a significant component of the industrial labour force especially in the leather, food and beverage and clothing industries. In a centre where white labour was favoured and marketed as an advantage to outside investors, they rapidly displaced coloured women. The female workforce was basically young, underpaid (especially in comparison to wages on the Rand) and temporary. While white women were still in evidence in other occupations such as domestic work and in the informal sector, their numbers here steadily diminished as both racial segregation and municipal regulation, were implemented. Against a background of chaotic social conditions, large slum areas and the spread of infectious diseases, the local council did much to improve health services particularly for women and children. Poor relief instituted in 1919 was, however, less forthcoming and female - headed households were often left to rely on the services of local welfare organisations. The extended family, however, was the norm affording support against atomization. Although pressurised by social ills throughout the period, the family was increasingly buttressed by state assistance. Prevailing morality was likewise actively constructed in terms of legislative repression and racial division. This often lead to social aberrations such as infanticide which was only reduced by the increase of state assistance and, in the longer term, social mobility of the whites.
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- Authors: Gibbs, Patricia Anne
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Women -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- History , Women -- Employment -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- History , Port Elizabeth (South Africa) -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2543 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002395 , Women -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- History , Women -- Employment -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- History , Port Elizabeth (South Africa) -- History
- Description: The study period saw a significant increase in the urbanisation of whites and blacks in Port Elizabeth induced by droughts and coercive legislation, but also by burgeoning industrialisation. Industry had been given great stimulus by World War 1 and maintained by protectionist legislation in the 1920s which the local state and industrialists came to endorse. The ethos of the town was overwhelmingly British in terms of the population, the composition of the local council, business interests and the prevailing culture. Whites formed the largest component of the population in Port Elizabeth during the inter-war years. The majority of white women lived in the North End, the industrial hub and a major working class area of the city. Although the provision of housing was initially neglected, economic and subeconomic housing in the 1930s helped to create both racial separation and a sense of community between sectors of the working class. Yet, white working class women did not form a homogenous group, but rather consisted of different ethnic groups, occupations and classes. The Afrikaans speaking sector, formed a significant component of the industrial labour force especially in the leather, food and beverage and clothing industries. In a centre where white labour was favoured and marketed as an advantage to outside investors, they rapidly displaced coloured women. The female workforce was basically young, underpaid (especially in comparison to wages on the Rand) and temporary. While white women were still in evidence in other occupations such as domestic work and in the informal sector, their numbers here steadily diminished as both racial segregation and municipal regulation, were implemented. Against a background of chaotic social conditions, large slum areas and the spread of infectious diseases, the local council did much to improve health services particularly for women and children. Poor relief instituted in 1919 was, however, less forthcoming and female - headed households were often left to rely on the services of local welfare organisations. The extended family, however, was the norm affording support against atomization. Although pressurised by social ills throughout the period, the family was increasingly buttressed by state assistance. Prevailing morality was likewise actively constructed in terms of legislative repression and racial division. This often lead to social aberrations such as infanticide which was only reduced by the increase of state assistance and, in the longer term, social mobility of the whites.
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The notion of commitment in selected works of Maishe Maponya
- Authors: Moorosi, Mabitle
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Maponya, Maishe , Commitment (Psychology) in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2142 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002374 , Maponya, Maishe , Commitment (Psychology) in literature
- Description: This study is a critical analysis of selected works of the playwright Maishe Maponya namely, The Hungry Earth, Jika and Gangsters. The main thrust of the analysis of the thesis is centred on questions around what 'Commitment' might mean in literature and drama. This concept has appeared in many names and guises. In theatre, it has assumed names like Theatre of Commitment, Theatre of the Dispossessed, Theatre ofthe Oppressed, Theatre of Resistance, as well as Theatre of Radicalization (Bentley 1968; Boal 1974; Mda 1985; Maponya 1992). These names came into existence as a result of a concerted effort to refrain from the use of the traditional conventional theatre, which does not appear to address itself to societal problems - the preoccupation of Theatre of Commitment. Chapter One is principally concerned with the concept of Commitment and its implications in art and literature, more specifically in theatre. Further, the following interacting elements in South African theatre are highlighted: censorship, banning, detention and other restrictions, as well as DET education and religious institutions. Finally, Maponya is introduced, with his political inclinations and his views on art, together with the issue of theatricality in his plays. Chapter two initiates the proposed critical analysis with a focus on The Hungry Earth. The focus is on Theatre of Commitment and the background events that inspired Maponya's response. Chapter three concerns itself with the critical analysis of Jika, "a play about the making of revolutionaries in South Africa ... and serves a political purpose - as a recording of pivotal moment in South African history ... " (Haysom, 1988: 1). An attempt is made to assess the extent to which the playwright has succeeded or failed to strike a chord harmonious with the pronouncements quoted. Chapter four ends the critical analysis with the treatment of Gangsters. Here an observation is made on the fusing of the three personas, namely Rasechaba, Biko and Maponya, into one symbolic whole representing the image of Jesus Christ on the cross - the Saviour who sacrificed His life for the salvation of sinners. Maponya is seen to have sacrificed his time and energy for the liberation of the downtrodden. The conclusion summarizes the study by placing the selected works in their suitable perspective in respect of the notion of Commitment in literature, with particular reference to theatre. Maponya is seen to have played a commendable role in the liberation of his peoples' minds by teaching them the business of organizing revolutions, as well as by championing the liberation struggle.
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- Authors: Moorosi, Mabitle
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Maponya, Maishe , Commitment (Psychology) in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2142 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002374 , Maponya, Maishe , Commitment (Psychology) in literature
- Description: This study is a critical analysis of selected works of the playwright Maishe Maponya namely, The Hungry Earth, Jika and Gangsters. The main thrust of the analysis of the thesis is centred on questions around what 'Commitment' might mean in literature and drama. This concept has appeared in many names and guises. In theatre, it has assumed names like Theatre of Commitment, Theatre of the Dispossessed, Theatre ofthe Oppressed, Theatre of Resistance, as well as Theatre of Radicalization (Bentley 1968; Boal 1974; Mda 1985; Maponya 1992). These names came into existence as a result of a concerted effort to refrain from the use of the traditional conventional theatre, which does not appear to address itself to societal problems - the preoccupation of Theatre of Commitment. Chapter One is principally concerned with the concept of Commitment and its implications in art and literature, more specifically in theatre. Further, the following interacting elements in South African theatre are highlighted: censorship, banning, detention and other restrictions, as well as DET education and religious institutions. Finally, Maponya is introduced, with his political inclinations and his views on art, together with the issue of theatricality in his plays. Chapter two initiates the proposed critical analysis with a focus on The Hungry Earth. The focus is on Theatre of Commitment and the background events that inspired Maponya's response. Chapter three concerns itself with the critical analysis of Jika, "a play about the making of revolutionaries in South Africa ... and serves a political purpose - as a recording of pivotal moment in South African history ... " (Haysom, 1988: 1). An attempt is made to assess the extent to which the playwright has succeeded or failed to strike a chord harmonious with the pronouncements quoted. Chapter four ends the critical analysis with the treatment of Gangsters. Here an observation is made on the fusing of the three personas, namely Rasechaba, Biko and Maponya, into one symbolic whole representing the image of Jesus Christ on the cross - the Saviour who sacrificed His life for the salvation of sinners. Maponya is seen to have sacrificed his time and energy for the liberation of the downtrodden. The conclusion summarizes the study by placing the selected works in their suitable perspective in respect of the notion of Commitment in literature, with particular reference to theatre. Maponya is seen to have played a commendable role in the liberation of his peoples' minds by teaching them the business of organizing revolutions, as well as by championing the liberation struggle.
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Human rights: an investigation into the importance of second generation rights
- Authors: Bentley, Kristina Anne
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Human rights -- Philosophy , Human rights
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2759 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002969 , Human rights -- Philosophy , Human rights
- Description: This study examines the notion of universal human rights in the context of the importance of social and economic rights for the agency and dignity of human beings. It argues that the recognition of basic rights to what is necessary for physical well-being is essential to any adequate theory of human rights, and that rights of the civil and political variety depend on the recognition of social and economic rights if they are to be exercised. Therefore the secondary status which is usually accorded to social and economic rights results in an imbalanced ideal of human rights both in theory and in practice. This study is an attempt to place second generation rights in their proper context and to argue for them as human rights of equal status and importance. It focuses on the derivation of human rights in general, and shows that second generation rights may be accommodated within this structure. It further supports this position by showing that the categorical differences which are asserted to exist between first and second generation rights are based on a mistaken conception of positive and negative rights and duties, as well as an inadequate conception of liberty. The thesis shows that all rights generate a variety of duties, both positive and negative, and that an adequate theory of rights has to be able to accommodate the inevitability of conflicts of rights at the level of their enforcement. Consequently, this study argues there is no reason to give either class of right primary importance, as both first and second generation human rights are essential to the agency and dignity of a human being, and they are thus interdependent. Furthermore, the thesis shows that human rights can be balanced at the level of the obligations which they generate without compromising the deontological nature of such rights. This thesis argues that a theory of rights which is rooted in the liberal democratic notion of rights, such as that characterised by the choice theory of rights, is inadequate. It therefore argues that a benefit theory of rights must be adopted in order to accommodate conflicts of rights when they arise. The thesis argues that as such conflicts of rights are" most common in cases involving the assertion of social and economic rights, this balancing of rights is of special significance for the enforcement of second generation rights. Furthermore, this thesis argues for a theory of minimal interdependence of first and second generation rights, in order to accommodate the notion of first and second generation rights of equal status and importance, as well as to prevent an inflation of rights claims which would compromise the balancing of rights. It is argued that a reordering of values is necessary to take account of material well-being, as well as civil freedom, as both of these generate fundamental rights of equal status and importance.
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- Authors: Bentley, Kristina Anne
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Human rights -- Philosophy , Human rights
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2759 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002969 , Human rights -- Philosophy , Human rights
- Description: This study examines the notion of universal human rights in the context of the importance of social and economic rights for the agency and dignity of human beings. It argues that the recognition of basic rights to what is necessary for physical well-being is essential to any adequate theory of human rights, and that rights of the civil and political variety depend on the recognition of social and economic rights if they are to be exercised. Therefore the secondary status which is usually accorded to social and economic rights results in an imbalanced ideal of human rights both in theory and in practice. This study is an attempt to place second generation rights in their proper context and to argue for them as human rights of equal status and importance. It focuses on the derivation of human rights in general, and shows that second generation rights may be accommodated within this structure. It further supports this position by showing that the categorical differences which are asserted to exist between first and second generation rights are based on a mistaken conception of positive and negative rights and duties, as well as an inadequate conception of liberty. The thesis shows that all rights generate a variety of duties, both positive and negative, and that an adequate theory of rights has to be able to accommodate the inevitability of conflicts of rights at the level of their enforcement. Consequently, this study argues there is no reason to give either class of right primary importance, as both first and second generation human rights are essential to the agency and dignity of a human being, and they are thus interdependent. Furthermore, the thesis shows that human rights can be balanced at the level of the obligations which they generate without compromising the deontological nature of such rights. This thesis argues that a theory of rights which is rooted in the liberal democratic notion of rights, such as that characterised by the choice theory of rights, is inadequate. It therefore argues that a benefit theory of rights must be adopted in order to accommodate conflicts of rights when they arise. The thesis argues that as such conflicts of rights are" most common in cases involving the assertion of social and economic rights, this balancing of rights is of special significance for the enforcement of second generation rights. Furthermore, this thesis argues for a theory of minimal interdependence of first and second generation rights, in order to accommodate the notion of first and second generation rights of equal status and importance, as well as to prevent an inflation of rights claims which would compromise the balancing of rights. It is argued that a reordering of values is necessary to take account of material well-being, as well as civil freedom, as both of these generate fundamental rights of equal status and importance.
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Thematic integrity in filmic versions of E.M. Forster's novels
- Authors: Hayes, Kalmia Joy
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Forster, E. M. (Edward Morgan), 1879-1970. Passage to India , Forster, E. M. (Edward Morgan), 1879-1978. Where Angels Fear To Tread , Forster, E. M. (Edward Morgan), 1879-1978. Howards End , Sturridge, Charles , Merchant Ivory Productions , Lean, David, 1908-1991 , Film adaptations , Motion pictures -- Plots, themes, etc
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2218 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002261 , Forster, E. M. (Edward Morgan), 1879-1970. Passage to India , Forster, E. M. (Edward Morgan), 1879-1978. Where Angels Fear To Tread , Forster, E. M. (Edward Morgan), 1879-1978. Howards End , Sturridge, Charles , Merchant Ivory Productions , Lean, David, 1908-1991 , Film adaptations , Motion pictures -- Plots, themes, etc
- Description: This study discusses the extent to which Charles Sturridge's Where Angels Fear to Tread, Merchant Ivory's Howards End, and David Lean's A Passage to India have aimed at, and succeeded in, exploring the thematic concerns of E.M. Forster's novels. A brief introductory chapter explains the motivation behind this research, and the choice of critical methodologies used. It concludes with an outline of some of the problems confronting film-makers wishing to explore the concerns of novels. The first chapter, which is devoted to Where Angels Fear to Tread, reveals that while Sturridge is "faithful" to Forster's novel at a superficial level, basing most of his scenes on, and taking most of his dialogue directly from, the text, he does not explore Forster's themes. The facility with which film tells stories proves to be a treacherous trap for Sturridge. His version of Where Angels Fear to Tread is totally vacuous because he failed to develop anything beyond the story -- Forster's "tapeworm" of time (Aspects of the NoyeI41). The causality that Forster calls plot seemed beyond Sturridge's comprehension, leaving his film little more than an endless progression of "and then[s]" (Forster, Aspects 87). Characters are not given their full weight; symbols and leitmotifs are overlooked; the allegorical elements he did recognize, he failed to understand, and thus misplaced, so that the epiphanic moments of the novel are lost. There is no possibility of thematic concerns emerging from a film in which plot, characterization, symbol and rhythm are ignored. Sturridge's apparent inability to understand his source is in stark contrast to Merchant Ivory's sensitivity to Howards End, and their evident familiarity with literary criticism on the work. Chapter two explores the way in which their adaptation smooths out putative flaws in characterization and plot, and uses filmic rhythm and camera work to suggest comments made by the novel's narrator. Almost wholly successful in developing the novel's themes, Merchant Ivory's Howards End does not, however, successfully explore the spiritual dimensions of Forster's novel. Film is a medium capable of great subtlety, but its strength lies in its ability to capture the seen; the unseen tends to evade its grasp. It is in dealing with the unseen that Lean's A Passage to India misses greatness, for in virtually every other respect his version of Forster's masterpiece is superb. Chapter three explores Lean's creative and flexible approach to adaptation, his acute sensitivity to the differing demands of film and novel, and his confident technical mastery. It also explores, however, the emptiness at the heart of his film, an emptiness that is the result of his trivialization of the spiritual concerns of Forster's novel.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Hayes, Kalmia Joy
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Forster, E. M. (Edward Morgan), 1879-1970. Passage to India , Forster, E. M. (Edward Morgan), 1879-1978. Where Angels Fear To Tread , Forster, E. M. (Edward Morgan), 1879-1978. Howards End , Sturridge, Charles , Merchant Ivory Productions , Lean, David, 1908-1991 , Film adaptations , Motion pictures -- Plots, themes, etc
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2218 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002261 , Forster, E. M. (Edward Morgan), 1879-1970. Passage to India , Forster, E. M. (Edward Morgan), 1879-1978. Where Angels Fear To Tread , Forster, E. M. (Edward Morgan), 1879-1978. Howards End , Sturridge, Charles , Merchant Ivory Productions , Lean, David, 1908-1991 , Film adaptations , Motion pictures -- Plots, themes, etc
- Description: This study discusses the extent to which Charles Sturridge's Where Angels Fear to Tread, Merchant Ivory's Howards End, and David Lean's A Passage to India have aimed at, and succeeded in, exploring the thematic concerns of E.M. Forster's novels. A brief introductory chapter explains the motivation behind this research, and the choice of critical methodologies used. It concludes with an outline of some of the problems confronting film-makers wishing to explore the concerns of novels. The first chapter, which is devoted to Where Angels Fear to Tread, reveals that while Sturridge is "faithful" to Forster's novel at a superficial level, basing most of his scenes on, and taking most of his dialogue directly from, the text, he does not explore Forster's themes. The facility with which film tells stories proves to be a treacherous trap for Sturridge. His version of Where Angels Fear to Tread is totally vacuous because he failed to develop anything beyond the story -- Forster's "tapeworm" of time (Aspects of the NoyeI41). The causality that Forster calls plot seemed beyond Sturridge's comprehension, leaving his film little more than an endless progression of "and then[s]" (Forster, Aspects 87). Characters are not given their full weight; symbols and leitmotifs are overlooked; the allegorical elements he did recognize, he failed to understand, and thus misplaced, so that the epiphanic moments of the novel are lost. There is no possibility of thematic concerns emerging from a film in which plot, characterization, symbol and rhythm are ignored. Sturridge's apparent inability to understand his source is in stark contrast to Merchant Ivory's sensitivity to Howards End, and their evident familiarity with literary criticism on the work. Chapter two explores the way in which their adaptation smooths out putative flaws in characterization and plot, and uses filmic rhythm and camera work to suggest comments made by the novel's narrator. Almost wholly successful in developing the novel's themes, Merchant Ivory's Howards End does not, however, successfully explore the spiritual dimensions of Forster's novel. Film is a medium capable of great subtlety, but its strength lies in its ability to capture the seen; the unseen tends to evade its grasp. It is in dealing with the unseen that Lean's A Passage to India misses greatness, for in virtually every other respect his version of Forster's masterpiece is superb. Chapter three explores Lean's creative and flexible approach to adaptation, his acute sensitivity to the differing demands of film and novel, and his confident technical mastery. It also explores, however, the emptiness at the heart of his film, an emptiness that is the result of his trivialization of the spiritual concerns of Forster's novel.
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New rules for security and survival: Southern Africa's adaptation to a changing world environment
- Authors: Naidoo, Sagaren Krishna
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Internal security -- South Africa , National security -- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1994- , South Africa -- Economic conditions -- 1991-
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2814 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003024 , Internal security -- South Africa , National security -- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1994- , South Africa -- Economic conditions -- 1991-
- Description: In the wake of the post-Cold War era, students of international relations were forced to review their theoretical frameworks to explain new rules for international peace and security. States are now confronted with new constraints for their security and survival as current trends in international politics depict a 'regionalisation' of peace and security. For southern Africa, likewise, the end of the Cold War and, moreover, apartheid, compels its member states to redefine their security strategies and mechanisms for survival. This thesis undertakes to examine southern Africa's adaptation to new rules of a changing world environment, to ensure a stable and secure region, into the next millennium. At the outset of this thesis lies a conceptual contextualisation of security within the major contemporary theoretical approaches of international relations. By examining the essential differences between the redefinitions and new conceptualisations of security, this thesis, firstly argues that the state in southern Africa must be retained as a primary referent of security. This argument is premised on the need to create stronger states for a 'regionalisation' of security in southern Africa. The second issue examined is the changing world environment and its impact on the state and development in Africa, as the new constraints to which the continent must adapt, for security and survival. Arguing that the new international economic order and 'globalisation' dictate the new rules, this chapter asserts that the 'weak' states in Africa need to be strengthened to have the necessary capacity to be the means for its people's security. Finally this thesis examines the new rules for southern Africa's adaptation to a changing world environment. The new rules for the African sub-continent involve the formation of a security regime and economic community with, the power-house, South Africa. Using the Southern African Development Community(SADC) as the umbrella body, the formation of the Organ for Politics, Defence and Security, and signing of trade protocols for a movement towards a free trade area, are evidence of southern Africa's attempts to adapt to new rules for its security. Such adaptation cannot, however, be accomplished with 'weak' states. Southern African states will have to, therefore, be strengthened to attain a more secure adaptation to the new international (economic) order.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Naidoo, Sagaren Krishna
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Internal security -- South Africa , National security -- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1994- , South Africa -- Economic conditions -- 1991-
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2814 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003024 , Internal security -- South Africa , National security -- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1994- , South Africa -- Economic conditions -- 1991-
- Description: In the wake of the post-Cold War era, students of international relations were forced to review their theoretical frameworks to explain new rules for international peace and security. States are now confronted with new constraints for their security and survival as current trends in international politics depict a 'regionalisation' of peace and security. For southern Africa, likewise, the end of the Cold War and, moreover, apartheid, compels its member states to redefine their security strategies and mechanisms for survival. This thesis undertakes to examine southern Africa's adaptation to new rules of a changing world environment, to ensure a stable and secure region, into the next millennium. At the outset of this thesis lies a conceptual contextualisation of security within the major contemporary theoretical approaches of international relations. By examining the essential differences between the redefinitions and new conceptualisations of security, this thesis, firstly argues that the state in southern Africa must be retained as a primary referent of security. This argument is premised on the need to create stronger states for a 'regionalisation' of security in southern Africa. The second issue examined is the changing world environment and its impact on the state and development in Africa, as the new constraints to which the continent must adapt, for security and survival. Arguing that the new international economic order and 'globalisation' dictate the new rules, this chapter asserts that the 'weak' states in Africa need to be strengthened to have the necessary capacity to be the means for its people's security. Finally this thesis examines the new rules for southern Africa's adaptation to a changing world environment. The new rules for the African sub-continent involve the formation of a security regime and economic community with, the power-house, South Africa. Using the Southern African Development Community(SADC) as the umbrella body, the formation of the Organ for Politics, Defence and Security, and signing of trade protocols for a movement towards a free trade area, are evidence of southern Africa's attempts to adapt to new rules for its security. Such adaptation cannot, however, be accomplished with 'weak' states. Southern African states will have to, therefore, be strengthened to attain a more secure adaptation to the new international (economic) order.
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The growth, development and impact of the Grahamstown Festival of the Arts with special reference to music
- Authors: Silva, Jane Susan
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Standard Bank National Arts Festival -- Grahamstown , Standard Bank National Arts Festival -- Influence , Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Art and music , Music -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2656 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002322 , Standard Bank National Arts Festival -- Grahamstown , Standard Bank National Arts Festival -- Influence , Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Art and music , Music -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Grahamstown
- Description: The Grahamstown Festival has become a huge and complex annual celebration of the arts, transforming the small Eastern Cape city for ten days every year. However this event had very modest beginnings, as did music and festivals in the city of Grahamstown. From its early days Grahamstown showed strong signs of becoming an important cultural centre, presenting numerous musical concerts from 1812, the festival tradition in the city beginning in 1887. The modern arts festival, initiated in 1971, had a chequered history during the early and mid 1970's, weathering economic recession, petrol restrictions and a repressive and restrictive political atmosphere. However by 1979 the event had become established and popular enough to ensure continued success during the 1980's. The period 1980-89 was one of great growth and development for the festival regarding attendance, and the number and nature of productions presented. Music had always been an integral part of the festival, and for the first time its role in this artistic celebration is being examined. The impact of such an event is varied and far-reaching, and thus difficult to assess, but the thesis ends with an attempt to gauge the Festival's impact.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Silva, Jane Susan
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Standard Bank National Arts Festival -- Grahamstown , Standard Bank National Arts Festival -- Influence , Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Art and music , Music -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2656 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002322 , Standard Bank National Arts Festival -- Grahamstown , Standard Bank National Arts Festival -- Influence , Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Art and music , Music -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Grahamstown
- Description: The Grahamstown Festival has become a huge and complex annual celebration of the arts, transforming the small Eastern Cape city for ten days every year. However this event had very modest beginnings, as did music and festivals in the city of Grahamstown. From its early days Grahamstown showed strong signs of becoming an important cultural centre, presenting numerous musical concerts from 1812, the festival tradition in the city beginning in 1887. The modern arts festival, initiated in 1971, had a chequered history during the early and mid 1970's, weathering economic recession, petrol restrictions and a repressive and restrictive political atmosphere. However by 1979 the event had become established and popular enough to ensure continued success during the 1980's. The period 1980-89 was one of great growth and development for the festival regarding attendance, and the number and nature of productions presented. Music had always been an integral part of the festival, and for the first time its role in this artistic celebration is being examined. The impact of such an event is varied and far-reaching, and thus difficult to assess, but the thesis ends with an attempt to gauge the Festival's impact.
- Full Text:
The politics of peacekeeping in Southern Africa: a critical assessment of South Africa's engagement in regional peacekeeping initiatives
- Khobotlo, Shadrack Motlalepula
- Authors: Khobotlo, Shadrack Motlalepula
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Conflict management -- Africa, Southern , National security -- Africa, Southern , Political stability -- Africa, Southern , Africa, Southern -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2787 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002997 , Conflict management -- Africa, Southern , National security -- Africa, Southern , Political stability -- Africa, Southern , Africa, Southern -- Politics and government
- Description: International peacekeeping has gained a high profile in international relations and more so, in the post cold war era. The profound increase in the occurrence of civil wars globally and the consequent high demand for the UN to intervene has compelled the world body to delegate its peacekeeping powers to regional organisations. SADC is one of many regional organisations around the world which are faced with the challenge of developing peacekeeping capacities to resolve local conflicts. This thesis endeavours to investigate the prospects of peacekeeping in Southern Africa with specific reference to the involvement of South Africa as a regional power with the wherewithal to play a leadership role in this regard. This is done within the theoretical framework that is provided by the Realist school of thought in international relations. Furthermore, the concept of national interest as defined by Realism will be utilised to explain why countries in Southern Africa in general and South Africa in particular become involved in regional peacekeeping initiatives. The issue of whether the Republic should be involved and how much it should be involved has provoked an intense debate within the country. This debate will therefore be instructive in understanding the dynamics that influence the country's foreign policy behaviour towards the region in relation to playing a leadership role in regional peacekeeping initiatives. The central issue implicit in the debate is the fact that most of the SADC member states that are expected to contribute towards these initiatives have weak economies. This economic weakness in turn leads to the thorny issue of having to seek foreign assistance from western countries from which the region is trying to gain greater independence. This presents the region with a paradox because foreign assistance has serious implications for the SADC countries' sovereignty. It is in this context therefore, that this thesis examines economic development in individual SADC countries and in the region as a whole to establish whether they are in a position to develop a sustainable regional peacekeeping capacity. The contention of the thesis is that economic development is closely related to peacekeeping because without a sound economic base Southern Africa or any other region for that matter, will not be able to develop a viable peacekeeping capacity. On the other hand, keeping the peace in the region is itself important for economic development because it is only in a peaceful environment that economic development can take root.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Khobotlo, Shadrack Motlalepula
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Conflict management -- Africa, Southern , National security -- Africa, Southern , Political stability -- Africa, Southern , Africa, Southern -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2787 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002997 , Conflict management -- Africa, Southern , National security -- Africa, Southern , Political stability -- Africa, Southern , Africa, Southern -- Politics and government
- Description: International peacekeeping has gained a high profile in international relations and more so, in the post cold war era. The profound increase in the occurrence of civil wars globally and the consequent high demand for the UN to intervene has compelled the world body to delegate its peacekeeping powers to regional organisations. SADC is one of many regional organisations around the world which are faced with the challenge of developing peacekeeping capacities to resolve local conflicts. This thesis endeavours to investigate the prospects of peacekeeping in Southern Africa with specific reference to the involvement of South Africa as a regional power with the wherewithal to play a leadership role in this regard. This is done within the theoretical framework that is provided by the Realist school of thought in international relations. Furthermore, the concept of national interest as defined by Realism will be utilised to explain why countries in Southern Africa in general and South Africa in particular become involved in regional peacekeeping initiatives. The issue of whether the Republic should be involved and how much it should be involved has provoked an intense debate within the country. This debate will therefore be instructive in understanding the dynamics that influence the country's foreign policy behaviour towards the region in relation to playing a leadership role in regional peacekeeping initiatives. The central issue implicit in the debate is the fact that most of the SADC member states that are expected to contribute towards these initiatives have weak economies. This economic weakness in turn leads to the thorny issue of having to seek foreign assistance from western countries from which the region is trying to gain greater independence. This presents the region with a paradox because foreign assistance has serious implications for the SADC countries' sovereignty. It is in this context therefore, that this thesis examines economic development in individual SADC countries and in the region as a whole to establish whether they are in a position to develop a sustainable regional peacekeeping capacity. The contention of the thesis is that economic development is closely related to peacekeeping because without a sound economic base Southern Africa or any other region for that matter, will not be able to develop a viable peacekeeping capacity. On the other hand, keeping the peace in the region is itself important for economic development because it is only in a peaceful environment that economic development can take root.
- Full Text:
Colonial policies and the failure of Somali secessionism in the Northern frontier district of Kenya colony, c.1890-1968
- Authors: Abdullahi, Abdirashid
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Somalis -- Kenya -- History , Kenya -- History -- 1963- , Kenya -- Politics and government , Decolonization -- Kenya -- History -- 20th century , Kenya -- History -- To 1963
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2532 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002384 , Somalis -- Kenya -- History , Kenya -- History -- 1963- , Kenya -- Politics and government , Decolonization -- Kenya -- History -- 20th century , Kenya -- History -- To 1963
- Description: This thesis examines the events that took plac,e. in the Northern Frontier District I North Eastern Province of Kenya hetween the late nineteenth century and 1968. After 1900 the imposition of colonial policies impacted on the socio-economic and political structures of the Somali people. This thesis also examines the nature of Somali resistance l\P- to the late 1920s when Somali society was finally pacified. It further examines colonial policies such as the creation of the Somali-Galla line in 1919, the separation of the J uhaland region from the Kenya Colony in 1926 and the Special District Ordinance of 1934. Between 1946 and 1948 the British Government through its Foreign Minister, Ernest Bevin, attempted to unify Somali territories in the Horn of Africa and this raised Somali hopes of uni fication. The Bevin Plan collapsed because of the opposition of the United States, the Soviet Union, the French and Ethiopian leaders. Similar hopes of NFD Somali unification were raised hetween 1958 and 1963 because of the unification of the former British Somali land and Italian Somaliland. Due to the imminent end of British colonial rule in Kenya, the NFD Somali leaders demanded secession from Kenya to join up with the nascent Somali republic. But the NFDSomali hopes of unification with the Somali Repuhlic were dashed by 1964 because of the same opposition provided by the United States, the French and the Ethiopians. The British Government were all along half-hearted towards Somali unification attempts even though the field administrators adopted a pro-Somali attitude to the issue. In the early 1960s, however, the NFD Somali leaders were faced with the additional opposition of the new KANU government in Kenya. In 1964 the failure of the NFD Somalis to secede from Kenya led to the guerrilla war, what the Kenyan government called the 'shifta movement', that engulfed the North Eastern Region until 1968 when the Arusha Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the Kenyan and the Somali Governments. The signing of the Arusha Memorandum of Understanding by the Kenyan and Somali Governments did not satisfy· the NFD Somalis hopes of joining the Somali Republic. The main conclusion of this thesis is that the N FD Somalis, except for few collahorators, did at no time, whether in the colonial or post-colonial eras, accept heing in Kenya. By the late 1960s the prospects of NFD Somalis unifying with the Somali Republic were, in view of the forces arrayed against the Somali secessionist movement, slim; and they have remained slim since then.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Abdullahi, Abdirashid
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Somalis -- Kenya -- History , Kenya -- History -- 1963- , Kenya -- Politics and government , Decolonization -- Kenya -- History -- 20th century , Kenya -- History -- To 1963
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2532 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002384 , Somalis -- Kenya -- History , Kenya -- History -- 1963- , Kenya -- Politics and government , Decolonization -- Kenya -- History -- 20th century , Kenya -- History -- To 1963
- Description: This thesis examines the events that took plac,e. in the Northern Frontier District I North Eastern Province of Kenya hetween the late nineteenth century and 1968. After 1900 the imposition of colonial policies impacted on the socio-economic and political structures of the Somali people. This thesis also examines the nature of Somali resistance l\P- to the late 1920s when Somali society was finally pacified. It further examines colonial policies such as the creation of the Somali-Galla line in 1919, the separation of the J uhaland region from the Kenya Colony in 1926 and the Special District Ordinance of 1934. Between 1946 and 1948 the British Government through its Foreign Minister, Ernest Bevin, attempted to unify Somali territories in the Horn of Africa and this raised Somali hopes of uni fication. The Bevin Plan collapsed because of the opposition of the United States, the Soviet Union, the French and Ethiopian leaders. Similar hopes of NFD Somali unification were raised hetween 1958 and 1963 because of the unification of the former British Somali land and Italian Somaliland. Due to the imminent end of British colonial rule in Kenya, the NFD Somali leaders demanded secession from Kenya to join up with the nascent Somali republic. But the NFDSomali hopes of unification with the Somali Repuhlic were dashed by 1964 because of the same opposition provided by the United States, the French and the Ethiopians. The British Government were all along half-hearted towards Somali unification attempts even though the field administrators adopted a pro-Somali attitude to the issue. In the early 1960s, however, the NFD Somali leaders were faced with the additional opposition of the new KANU government in Kenya. In 1964 the failure of the NFD Somalis to secede from Kenya led to the guerrilla war, what the Kenyan government called the 'shifta movement', that engulfed the North Eastern Region until 1968 when the Arusha Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the Kenyan and the Somali Governments. The signing of the Arusha Memorandum of Understanding by the Kenyan and Somali Governments did not satisfy· the NFD Somalis hopes of joining the Somali Republic. The main conclusion of this thesis is that the N FD Somalis, except for few collahorators, did at no time, whether in the colonial or post-colonial eras, accept heing in Kenya. By the late 1960s the prospects of NFD Somalis unifying with the Somali Republic were, in view of the forces arrayed against the Somali secessionist movement, slim; and they have remained slim since then.
- Full Text:
South African panorama: the novels of Daphne Rooke
- Authors: Coetzee, Paulette June
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Rooke, Daphne, 1914- -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2222 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002265 , Rooke, Daphne, 1914- -- Criticism and interpretation
- Description: This thesis covers Daphne Rooke's eight published "South African" novels: A Grove of Fever Trees, Mittee, Ratoons, Wizards' Country, A Lover for Estelle, The Greyling, Diamond Jo, and Margaretha de la Porte. It supports the recent revival of critical interest in Rooke, and argues for the continuing relevance of her work in post-apartheid South Africa. This study also broadens the scope of recent Rooke research by including lesser known works like The Greyling and Margaretha de la Porte in its analysis. Recent criticism has focused on Rooke's unusual blend of romance and realism. The first three chapters concentrate more on "realism", emphasising the depth and extent of Rooke's engagement with serious social issues. The novels are examined in terms of their handling of the themes of class (chapter one), race (chapter two) and gender (chapter three). The concluding chapter shifts in focus to "romance" and examines the question of generic_identity -- touching on Rooke's gothic, magical realist and "popular" qualities -within a consideration of the particular "South African-ness" of her work.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Coetzee, Paulette June
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Rooke, Daphne, 1914- -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2222 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002265 , Rooke, Daphne, 1914- -- Criticism and interpretation
- Description: This thesis covers Daphne Rooke's eight published "South African" novels: A Grove of Fever Trees, Mittee, Ratoons, Wizards' Country, A Lover for Estelle, The Greyling, Diamond Jo, and Margaretha de la Porte. It supports the recent revival of critical interest in Rooke, and argues for the continuing relevance of her work in post-apartheid South Africa. This study also broadens the scope of recent Rooke research by including lesser known works like The Greyling and Margaretha de la Porte in its analysis. Recent criticism has focused on Rooke's unusual blend of romance and realism. The first three chapters concentrate more on "realism", emphasising the depth and extent of Rooke's engagement with serious social issues. The novels are examined in terms of their handling of the themes of class (chapter one), race (chapter two) and gender (chapter three). The concluding chapter shifts in focus to "romance" and examines the question of generic_identity -- touching on Rooke's gothic, magical realist and "popular" qualities -within a consideration of the particular "South African-ness" of her work.
- Full Text:
How green is our future? Thor Chemicals: a case study in South African environmental policy
- Authors: Flint, Adrian
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Environmental ethics , Environmental policy -- South Africa , Environmental policy -- South Africa -- Case studies , Environmental degradation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2776 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002986 , Environmental ethics , Environmental policy -- South Africa , Environmental policy -- South Africa -- Case studies , Environmental degradation -- South Africa
- Description: This study focuses on South African Environmefltal policy; in particular its policies regarding hazardous waste. These policies are addressed within the framework of a case study which serves as basis to critically evaluate government environmental policies both past and present. The thesis examines South African environmental policy against the backdrop of competing schools of thought regarding the relationship between growth and development on the one hand and long term environmental security on the other. Development strategies such as Sustainable Development and the government's Growth, Employment and Redistribution as well as philosophies such as Deep Ecology will be discussed. The thesis argues that Non-Governmental Organisations are the holders of a real environmental ethic and thus their role in preventing environmental degradation is of critical importance. Furthermore, it is imperative that this ethic be disseminated across society if South Africa is to successfully pursue sound environmental policies. This argument is pursued by way of a case study, Thor Chemicals: a company responsible for the running of the largest mercury recovery facility in the world. This plant, which operated in Cato Ridge, KwaZulu-Natal, has been the source of much controversy since it was found that many of its employees and ex-employees were suffering from severe mercury poisoning resulting in two fatalities. The company was also involved in the importation of hazardous wastes as well as the pollution of the surrounding environment. Thor is currently the subject of inquiry by the government-appointed Davis Commission. It is pointed out that ill the past South Africa held no real environmental ethic and environmental degradation ensued as a result. The presented thesis argues that, despite assurances to the contrary, the present government is also without a true environmental ethic that will be effective in preventing future degradation.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Flint, Adrian
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Environmental ethics , Environmental policy -- South Africa , Environmental policy -- South Africa -- Case studies , Environmental degradation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2776 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002986 , Environmental ethics , Environmental policy -- South Africa , Environmental policy -- South Africa -- Case studies , Environmental degradation -- South Africa
- Description: This study focuses on South African Environmefltal policy; in particular its policies regarding hazardous waste. These policies are addressed within the framework of a case study which serves as basis to critically evaluate government environmental policies both past and present. The thesis examines South African environmental policy against the backdrop of competing schools of thought regarding the relationship between growth and development on the one hand and long term environmental security on the other. Development strategies such as Sustainable Development and the government's Growth, Employment and Redistribution as well as philosophies such as Deep Ecology will be discussed. The thesis argues that Non-Governmental Organisations are the holders of a real environmental ethic and thus their role in preventing environmental degradation is of critical importance. Furthermore, it is imperative that this ethic be disseminated across society if South Africa is to successfully pursue sound environmental policies. This argument is pursued by way of a case study, Thor Chemicals: a company responsible for the running of the largest mercury recovery facility in the world. This plant, which operated in Cato Ridge, KwaZulu-Natal, has been the source of much controversy since it was found that many of its employees and ex-employees were suffering from severe mercury poisoning resulting in two fatalities. The company was also involved in the importation of hazardous wastes as well as the pollution of the surrounding environment. Thor is currently the subject of inquiry by the government-appointed Davis Commission. It is pointed out that ill the past South Africa held no real environmental ethic and environmental degradation ensued as a result. The presented thesis argues that, despite assurances to the contrary, the present government is also without a true environmental ethic that will be effective in preventing future degradation.
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A description of the language experiences of English Second-Language students entering the academic discourse communities of Rhodes University
- Authors: Reynolds, Judith Marsha
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: English language -- Study and teaching -- Foreign speakers , English language -- Ability testing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2361 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002644 , English language -- Study and teaching -- Foreign speakers , English language -- Ability testing
- Description: This study is a description of the language experiences of English Second Language students in their first year at Rhodes University. It took place in the context of the changes that are currently occurring in higher education in South Africa in terms of student populations. More and more students are entering tertiary education institutions, including HWESUs, such as Rhodes University, who are considered non-traditional. These students typically have English as their second, or additional, language, and have not been adequately prepared for university study by their secondary education. This study describes the experiences of three such students in their first year at Rhodes University. Entry into a university is seen not just as acquiring knowledge, but as entering, or attempting to enter, a new culture. It is recognised that all students enter universities with other cultures or literacies already in place. In the case of non-traditional students tbese other literacies are usually at some distance from those of the university. The work of James Gee (1990) is particularly useful in understanding this process of adjusting to the demands of university study and the effect that previous experiences have on this process. This study is an attempt to discover and describe the literacies that these three students brought with them to university and the effect these literacies had on their attempts to enter academic discourse communities of the university. An ethnographic research method was adopted in order to do this. The study is also an attempt to evaluate, from the perspective of the three students, the appropriacy of the various changes that Rhodes University has made since the numbers of non-traditional students has started to increase.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Reynolds, Judith Marsha
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: English language -- Study and teaching -- Foreign speakers , English language -- Ability testing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2361 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002644 , English language -- Study and teaching -- Foreign speakers , English language -- Ability testing
- Description: This study is a description of the language experiences of English Second Language students in their first year at Rhodes University. It took place in the context of the changes that are currently occurring in higher education in South Africa in terms of student populations. More and more students are entering tertiary education institutions, including HWESUs, such as Rhodes University, who are considered non-traditional. These students typically have English as their second, or additional, language, and have not been adequately prepared for university study by their secondary education. This study describes the experiences of three such students in their first year at Rhodes University. Entry into a university is seen not just as acquiring knowledge, but as entering, or attempting to enter, a new culture. It is recognised that all students enter universities with other cultures or literacies already in place. In the case of non-traditional students tbese other literacies are usually at some distance from those of the university. The work of James Gee (1990) is particularly useful in understanding this process of adjusting to the demands of university study and the effect that previous experiences have on this process. This study is an attempt to discover and describe the literacies that these three students brought with them to university and the effect these literacies had on their attempts to enter academic discourse communities of the university. An ethnographic research method was adopted in order to do this. The study is also an attempt to evaluate, from the perspective of the three students, the appropriacy of the various changes that Rhodes University has made since the numbers of non-traditional students has started to increase.
- Full Text:
Managing natural resources in a rural settlement in Peddie district
- Authors: Ainslie, Andrew
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa -- Management , Natural resources -- South Africa -- Peddie District -- Management , Peddie (South Africa) -- Social conditions , Peddie (South Africa) -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2110 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007462 , Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa -- Management , Natural resources -- South Africa -- Peddie District -- Management , Peddie (South Africa) -- Social conditions , Peddie (South Africa) -- History
- Description: This thesis is an account of the challenges people in Tyefu Location, Peddie District, and specifically in Gwabeni village, face in their attempts to manage their common pool natural resources. Taking my analytical cue from the literature which deals with the institutional dimensions of resource management in common property systems, I look at the impact of both outside influences and local dynamics on resource managing institutions at village level. I show how particular historical circumstances, including state interventions, led to the enclosure of Tyefu Location, and to the rapid increase in the population that had to be accommodated here. This placed enormous pressure on the natural resources of the area, and contributed to the emasculation of the local institutions responsible for overseeing resource management. The residents of the location adopted whatever strategies they could to ameliorate the depletion of natural resources in their villages. One 'traditional' strategy they have sought to emulate is to move their imizi (homesteads) away from areas where local resources has been exhausted. Given the finite area of land available to them, this strategy was only ever likely to be successful in the short-term. I analyse social, economic and institutional factors at village level that appear to act as disincentives to collective resource management activities. These factors include the social structure of the imizi and the socio-economic heterogeneity that exists between imizi in Gwabeni village. The varying degrees of household economic marginality that follow from this, together with the differential ownership of livestock and other possessions that decrease people's reliance on locally available natural resources, mean that the transaction costs that people would incur by contributing to collective resource management activities, differ widely. A primary cause of people's failure to engage in resource management at village level stems from the dispersion of the members of their imizi. This factor robs the village of decision makers and undermines the capacity of those left behind to make and implement resource management decisions. It results in the various members of imizi in the village having different orientations that dissipate the energy needed for collective action. It also fuels existing struggles, and creates new ones, over the meanings and uses of the term 'community'. I conclude by arguing that, in Tyefu Location, the management of natural resources is extremely difficult to co-ordinate, because such management is highly contested, undermined by differentiation among resource users, and subject to the attentions of weak village institutions that do not share a clear set of resource management objectives. , KMBT_363
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ainslie, Andrew
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa -- Management , Natural resources -- South Africa -- Peddie District -- Management , Peddie (South Africa) -- Social conditions , Peddie (South Africa) -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2110 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007462 , Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa -- Management , Natural resources -- South Africa -- Peddie District -- Management , Peddie (South Africa) -- Social conditions , Peddie (South Africa) -- History
- Description: This thesis is an account of the challenges people in Tyefu Location, Peddie District, and specifically in Gwabeni village, face in their attempts to manage their common pool natural resources. Taking my analytical cue from the literature which deals with the institutional dimensions of resource management in common property systems, I look at the impact of both outside influences and local dynamics on resource managing institutions at village level. I show how particular historical circumstances, including state interventions, led to the enclosure of Tyefu Location, and to the rapid increase in the population that had to be accommodated here. This placed enormous pressure on the natural resources of the area, and contributed to the emasculation of the local institutions responsible for overseeing resource management. The residents of the location adopted whatever strategies they could to ameliorate the depletion of natural resources in their villages. One 'traditional' strategy they have sought to emulate is to move their imizi (homesteads) away from areas where local resources has been exhausted. Given the finite area of land available to them, this strategy was only ever likely to be successful in the short-term. I analyse social, economic and institutional factors at village level that appear to act as disincentives to collective resource management activities. These factors include the social structure of the imizi and the socio-economic heterogeneity that exists between imizi in Gwabeni village. The varying degrees of household economic marginality that follow from this, together with the differential ownership of livestock and other possessions that decrease people's reliance on locally available natural resources, mean that the transaction costs that people would incur by contributing to collective resource management activities, differ widely. A primary cause of people's failure to engage in resource management at village level stems from the dispersion of the members of their imizi. This factor robs the village of decision makers and undermines the capacity of those left behind to make and implement resource management decisions. It results in the various members of imizi in the village having different orientations that dissipate the energy needed for collective action. It also fuels existing struggles, and creates new ones, over the meanings and uses of the term 'community'. I conclude by arguing that, in Tyefu Location, the management of natural resources is extremely difficult to co-ordinate, because such management is highly contested, undermined by differentiation among resource users, and subject to the attentions of weak village institutions that do not share a clear set of resource management objectives. , KMBT_363
- Full Text:
Identity and transformation within the Playhouse Dance Company, 1993-1997
- Ballantyne, Tammy Marguerite
- Authors: Ballantyne, Tammy Marguerite
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Playhouse dance company , Dance -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2131 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002363 , Playhouse dance company , Dance -- South Africa
- Description: This thesis examines the principles and policies underlying the need for transformation within the Playhouse Dance Company (PDC) in Durban and the actualities of implementing these visions and procedures. It is proposed that artistic structures, ideals and processes cannot remain impervious to the climate of change. Alterations in the political arena demand radical permutations within arts councils and their concept of repertoire, educational programmes and training. Transformation is linked to the problem of identity and it is suggested that the company is in the midst of a journey towards "becoming" rather than "being". Chapter One comprises an overview of changing trends in the arts globally and the impact on South Mrican art forms and processes. There is also an examination of the past, the establishment of arts councils and the colonial heritage of the dance companies within these councils. The formative years of the NAP AC Dance Company and the strategies formulated by former artistic directors have, it is suggested, hampered the transformation process. Chapter Two focuses on the PDC's endeavours to transform between the years 1993 and 1997. Lack of funding, conservative public tastes and training processes are. all' issues confronting management, choreographers, educators and performers in attempting to provide a clear direction towards transformation. The company walk a tightrope as they struggle to balance the heritage of their artistic past while giving birth to a new heritage for the future. Chapter Three discusses two areas that reveal measurable attempts at transformation. Hawkins offers re-inventions of the classics which encourages innovation, and Siwela Sonke was conceived to draw on dance forms located in Kwazulu-Natal in the search for a South Mrican dance aesthetic. Chapter Four investigates whether transformative visions are becoming a reality and suggests how the company could extend the process further. This chapter concludes with .. ideas about the nature of culture and how this informs,the exercise of transformation. This thesis proposes that transformation within the PDC is occurring even though it has its shortcomings. The main thrust of the research is to investigate, identifY and document factors that are contributing to current dance trends in Durban.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ballantyne, Tammy Marguerite
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Playhouse dance company , Dance -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2131 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002363 , Playhouse dance company , Dance -- South Africa
- Description: This thesis examines the principles and policies underlying the need for transformation within the Playhouse Dance Company (PDC) in Durban and the actualities of implementing these visions and procedures. It is proposed that artistic structures, ideals and processes cannot remain impervious to the climate of change. Alterations in the political arena demand radical permutations within arts councils and their concept of repertoire, educational programmes and training. Transformation is linked to the problem of identity and it is suggested that the company is in the midst of a journey towards "becoming" rather than "being". Chapter One comprises an overview of changing trends in the arts globally and the impact on South Mrican art forms and processes. There is also an examination of the past, the establishment of arts councils and the colonial heritage of the dance companies within these councils. The formative years of the NAP AC Dance Company and the strategies formulated by former artistic directors have, it is suggested, hampered the transformation process. Chapter Two focuses on the PDC's endeavours to transform between the years 1993 and 1997. Lack of funding, conservative public tastes and training processes are. all' issues confronting management, choreographers, educators and performers in attempting to provide a clear direction towards transformation. The company walk a tightrope as they struggle to balance the heritage of their artistic past while giving birth to a new heritage for the future. Chapter Three discusses two areas that reveal measurable attempts at transformation. Hawkins offers re-inventions of the classics which encourages innovation, and Siwela Sonke was conceived to draw on dance forms located in Kwazulu-Natal in the search for a South Mrican dance aesthetic. Chapter Four investigates whether transformative visions are becoming a reality and suggests how the company could extend the process further. This chapter concludes with .. ideas about the nature of culture and how this informs,the exercise of transformation. This thesis proposes that transformation within the PDC is occurring even though it has its shortcomings. The main thrust of the research is to investigate, identifY and document factors that are contributing to current dance trends in Durban.
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At play in the master's workshop: the experience of reading in the novels of Henry James
- Authors: Seddon, Deborah Ann
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: James, Henry, 1843-1916 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2278 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007451 , James, Henry, 1843-1916 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Description: James's belief that "it is art that makes life" is essential to his own literary technique and to the reading experience within and in relation to his novels. The thesis seeks to posit the notion of reading as a fundamental concern in Henry James's fiction. Drawing largely on the phenomenological and anthropological approaches to the reading process of Wolfgang Iser, this thesis examines the Jamesian text as a performative event involving author, reader and character in creative and interpretative narrational struggles. Iser uses "play" as an integral term to describe the dynamic between author-reader-text which produces a literary work of art. In James's fiction the doubling of the author/reader and reader/character role within the text crucially structures a narrative form which is itself an inquiry into the human use of fiction. The Iserian conception of the act of reading as an engagement with the "gaps" within the play-space of the literary text can elucidate James's structural and thematic use of such sites of indeterminacy to foreground the enlivening necessity of an indeterminate "felt life" within human narrative structures. What Maisie Knew highlights the most important rule in the game -- the necessity for the reader to create meaning from the indeterminate aspects of the text. The shared exercise for author-reader-character is the attempt to access the child's unformulated inner reality to ascertain what Maisie knows. In the section on The Portrait of a Lady Iser's notion of reading as an ideational activity aids an inquiry into the human use of mental fictive picturing to compose reality. The Ambassadors demonstrates the "anthropological" need for the particular mode of consciousness brought about by the literary text when we engage in a world as real as but different to our own. Strether is the reader's ambassador in this world and his interpretative activity mirrors the reader's quest. In The Golden Bowl the bewildering multiplicity of readings made possible by the indeterminate aspects of the literary text instigates a contest for narrative forms in which the chosen fictions of the readers/characters must be actively willed into existence.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Seddon, Deborah Ann
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: James, Henry, 1843-1916 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2278 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007451 , James, Henry, 1843-1916 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Description: James's belief that "it is art that makes life" is essential to his own literary technique and to the reading experience within and in relation to his novels. The thesis seeks to posit the notion of reading as a fundamental concern in Henry James's fiction. Drawing largely on the phenomenological and anthropological approaches to the reading process of Wolfgang Iser, this thesis examines the Jamesian text as a performative event involving author, reader and character in creative and interpretative narrational struggles. Iser uses "play" as an integral term to describe the dynamic between author-reader-text which produces a literary work of art. In James's fiction the doubling of the author/reader and reader/character role within the text crucially structures a narrative form which is itself an inquiry into the human use of fiction. The Iserian conception of the act of reading as an engagement with the "gaps" within the play-space of the literary text can elucidate James's structural and thematic use of such sites of indeterminacy to foreground the enlivening necessity of an indeterminate "felt life" within human narrative structures. What Maisie Knew highlights the most important rule in the game -- the necessity for the reader to create meaning from the indeterminate aspects of the text. The shared exercise for author-reader-character is the attempt to access the child's unformulated inner reality to ascertain what Maisie knows. In the section on The Portrait of a Lady Iser's notion of reading as an ideational activity aids an inquiry into the human use of mental fictive picturing to compose reality. The Ambassadors demonstrates the "anthropological" need for the particular mode of consciousness brought about by the literary text when we engage in a world as real as but different to our own. Strether is the reader's ambassador in this world and his interpretative activity mirrors the reader's quest. In The Golden Bowl the bewildering multiplicity of readings made possible by the indeterminate aspects of the literary text instigates a contest for narrative forms in which the chosen fictions of the readers/characters must be actively willed into existence.
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Genre analysis and the teaching of academic literacy: a case study of an academic discipline in the social sciences
- Authors: Vorwerk, Shane Paul
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Lectures and lecturing , Lecture method in teaching , Language and culture , Discourse analysis , Language and culture -- South Africa , English language -- Discourse analysis , Intercultural communication -- South Africa , English language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Foreign speakers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2365 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002648 , Lectures and lecturing , Lecture method in teaching , Language and culture , Discourse analysis , Language and culture -- South Africa , English language -- Discourse analysis , Intercultural communication -- South Africa , English language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Foreign speakers
- Description: Students in tertiary educational institutions in South Africa come from many different backgrounds and have varied educational experiences. Some students, especially those from non-English speaking backgrounds, may encounter linguistic difficulties with various academic tasks. In order for students to be successful at university, they must become academically literate. That is, they must master all the reading, writing, listening and comprehension tasks required by the disciplines in which they are studying. One such task is presented by the academic lecture which is an integral part of any course of study. Linguistically, the academic lecture can be seen as a particular genre with unique characteristics. This study investigated some linguistic characteristics of academic lectures. The discipline of Political Science, as a Social Science, was chosen because there is little research that has been done on language in the Social Sciences. The Political Science sub-disciplines of Political Philosophy, South African Politics, and International Relations were used in this research. First year lectures were recorded from each of these three sub-disciplines. The linguistic characteristics of lectures were analysed using techniques drawn from Systemic Functional linguistic theory. The analysis concentrated on the aspects mode and field as they were realised in the lectures. In addition, higher level generic structure was also analysed. The insights gained from the analysis were validated through interviews with the lecturers who gave the lectures. The aim of this research was to develop a linguistic characterisation of the lecture genre as it occurs in the three sub-disciplines of Political Science. The results of this research suggest that although there is a unified academic lecture genre, there is variation according to sub-discipline. The implications of this variation are discussed with reference to their relevance to teaching academic literacy.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Vorwerk, Shane Paul
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Lectures and lecturing , Lecture method in teaching , Language and culture , Discourse analysis , Language and culture -- South Africa , English language -- Discourse analysis , Intercultural communication -- South Africa , English language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Foreign speakers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2365 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002648 , Lectures and lecturing , Lecture method in teaching , Language and culture , Discourse analysis , Language and culture -- South Africa , English language -- Discourse analysis , Intercultural communication -- South Africa , English language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Foreign speakers
- Description: Students in tertiary educational institutions in South Africa come from many different backgrounds and have varied educational experiences. Some students, especially those from non-English speaking backgrounds, may encounter linguistic difficulties with various academic tasks. In order for students to be successful at university, they must become academically literate. That is, they must master all the reading, writing, listening and comprehension tasks required by the disciplines in which they are studying. One such task is presented by the academic lecture which is an integral part of any course of study. Linguistically, the academic lecture can be seen as a particular genre with unique characteristics. This study investigated some linguistic characteristics of academic lectures. The discipline of Political Science, as a Social Science, was chosen because there is little research that has been done on language in the Social Sciences. The Political Science sub-disciplines of Political Philosophy, South African Politics, and International Relations were used in this research. First year lectures were recorded from each of these three sub-disciplines. The linguistic characteristics of lectures were analysed using techniques drawn from Systemic Functional linguistic theory. The analysis concentrated on the aspects mode and field as they were realised in the lectures. In addition, higher level generic structure was also analysed. The insights gained from the analysis were validated through interviews with the lecturers who gave the lectures. The aim of this research was to develop a linguistic characterisation of the lecture genre as it occurs in the three sub-disciplines of Political Science. The results of this research suggest that although there is a unified academic lecture genre, there is variation according to sub-discipline. The implications of this variation are discussed with reference to their relevance to teaching academic literacy.
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An exploration of the psychological significance of soap opera viewing
- Authors: Moodley, Prevan
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Television -- Psychological aspects , Television soap operas -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3023 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002532 , Television -- Psychological aspects , Television soap operas -- Psychological aspects
- Description: In traditional research approaches, soap opera viewing has been studied quantitatively. Such studies ignore the subjectivities, the sociocultural contexts, and life contexts of individual viewers. To account for such shortcomings and to offer a qualitative research approach, an investigation was conducted into the engagement that viewers have with a particular soap opera, The bold and the beautiful. The collective case study research method was used. Three subjects were interviewed using in-depth phenomenological interviewing and the data obtained was subjected to.a hermeneutic method of investigation. This involved using a reading guide that extracted firstly, how pleasure is experienced in soap opera viewing, and secondly how the viewers' interpretations of the soap opera are linked to their everyday life contexts. Pleasure was found to be related to experiencing the soap opera world as real, the social context of the viewer, the openness of the text, selecting textual elements, identification and opening up the viewer's world. The viewers' interpretations were related to their life contexts in terms of the meanings that were constructed around emotions, identities, interpersonal relations and a cultural interface. Most notable for the South African context, is that viewing The bold and the beautiful provides a cultural interface because African identities are brought to this practice.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Moodley, Prevan
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Television -- Psychological aspects , Television soap operas -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3023 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002532 , Television -- Psychological aspects , Television soap operas -- Psychological aspects
- Description: In traditional research approaches, soap opera viewing has been studied quantitatively. Such studies ignore the subjectivities, the sociocultural contexts, and life contexts of individual viewers. To account for such shortcomings and to offer a qualitative research approach, an investigation was conducted into the engagement that viewers have with a particular soap opera, The bold and the beautiful. The collective case study research method was used. Three subjects were interviewed using in-depth phenomenological interviewing and the data obtained was subjected to.a hermeneutic method of investigation. This involved using a reading guide that extracted firstly, how pleasure is experienced in soap opera viewing, and secondly how the viewers' interpretations of the soap opera are linked to their everyday life contexts. Pleasure was found to be related to experiencing the soap opera world as real, the social context of the viewer, the openness of the text, selecting textual elements, identification and opening up the viewer's world. The viewers' interpretations were related to their life contexts in terms of the meanings that were constructed around emotions, identities, interpersonal relations and a cultural interface. Most notable for the South African context, is that viewing The bold and the beautiful provides a cultural interface because African identities are brought to this practice.
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Die diskoers van kerst en andere liefdesverhalen deur Kristien Hemmerechts
- Authors: Du Plessis, W I
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Hemmerechts, Kristien, 1955- -- Criticism and interpretation , Discourse analysis, Literary , Structuralism (Literary analysis)
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3601 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002185
- Description: Die doel van hierdie studie was om aan te toon hoe 'n linguistiese beskouing van 'n literere teks kan meehelp om tot gefundeerde insigte in 'n teks te kom en om langs hierdie weg die beskuldiging dat literatuurstudie grotendeels 'n 'anything-goes-dissipline' is, te omseil. Om hierdie rede is daar van die standpunt uitgegaan dat kennis oor die presiese aard van die tekslinguistiek kan meehelp in die toepassing daarvan. Dit dien as motivering vir die uitgebreide diachroniese situering van die tekslinguistiek van die eerste hoofstuk. Hier word geredeneer dat die tekslinguistiek iets soos 'n pseudo-literatuurteorie is wat kan meehelp in die lees en interpretasie van en kommentaar oor 'n literere teks. Daar is grotendeels gefokus op die literere benaderings wat die ontwikkeling van die tekslinguistiek voorafgegaan en be'invloed het. Daar was drie hoofstrominge t.o.v. tekstuele benadering, nl. (i) tekssentriese (outonomistiese), (ii) linguistiese (taalsentriese), en (iii) lesersentriese benaderings. Die vemaamste tekssentriese (outonomistiese) benaderings is die Russiese Formalisme, New Criticism en Stilistiek op taalkundige grondslag. In die bespreking van hierdie benaderings is dit tel kens in verband gebring met die bestaande teorie oor die tekslinguistiek ten einde die diachroniese aard van die ontwikkelingsgang daarvan, te karteer. Die vernaan1ste eksponente van die linguistiese (taalsentriese) benaderings is die Strukteralisme, Poststrukturalisme en die Semiotiek. Daar is in hierdie afdeling duidelik aangestip hoe die standaarde van tekstualiteit (De Beaugrande en Dressler, 1981), en spesifiek die standaard kohesie, terug te vind is in hierdie benadering tot teksstudie. Die Resepsie-estetika en Referensiele benadering is bespreek as eksponente van die sg. lesersentriese benadering. Die doel hiervan was om aan te dui hoe intertekstualiteit, kontekstualiteit en informatiwiteit as standaarde van tekstualiteit, in hierdie benadering terug te vind is. Met die diachroniese situering in gedagte, is daar in die tweede deel van Hoofstuk Een oorgegaan tot 'n sinchroniese karakterisering van wat die tekslinguistiek behels. In hierdie hoofstuk is daar voortgegaan met die beredenering dat die term diskoerslinguisliek • n meer akkurate benaming is vir 'n dissipline wat meer as net ' teks' in ag neem. Diskoers kan beskou word as 'n reeks taaluitinge wat 'n taalhandeling vorm. Hoewel diskoerslinguisliek die term tekslinguistiek in hierdie studie vervang, is daar duidelik aangetoon dat dit nie die doel het om aardskuddend veranderend te wees nie. Die werkswyse wat in hierdie studie gevolg is, is steeds die van die tekslinguistiek. Om hierdie rede is hierdie gedeelte van die studie grootliks teoreties, dit bespreek die interdissiplinere aard van tekslinguistiekldiskoerslinguistiek, definieer dit, en identifiseer die studieveld van 'teks'. Hierdie identifisering (sintaktiese eenheid, semantiese eenheid en pragmatiese eenheid) funksioneer breedweg as die hoofuiteensetting van hierdie studie. Tog word daar in hierdie studie aangetoon dat daar verskil word van die De Beaugrande en Dressler-aanname dat daar sewe standaarde van tekstualiteit bestaan, en word dit hier gereduseer tot twee superstandaarde, nl. kohesie en koherensie. Koherensie beskik oor sg. 'voorwilardes', nl. intensionaliteit, aanvaarbaarheid, informatiwiteit, kontekstualiteit en intertekstualiteit. Op hierdie wyse word die meganistiese indeling van die oorspronklike sewe standaarde oorkom. In Hoofstuk Twee word die teorie rondom die superstandaard kohesie toegepas op die Nederlandse teks deur Kristien Hemmerechts, Kerst en andere liefdesverhalen. Hierdie hoofstuk het die implisiete doel om aan te toon hoe 'n suiwer strukturalistiese ondersoek na 'n tekstuele gegewe kan meehelp in die identifisering van bepaalde linguistiese patrone wat, indien gesitueer in 'n pragmatiese milieu, bepaalde betekeniswaarde verkry. Verskeie aspekte rondom die konsep 'kohesie' word hier bespreek, o.a. 'n by trek van sg. storiegrammatika van die liefdesverhaal en sprokie ten einde bepaalde taalpatrone te identifiser wat pragmatiese betekenislading het. Hierbenewens word daar suiwer struktureel met die teks omgegaan met 'n identifisering van bepaalde patrone in die adjektief-aanwending, die gebruik van saakname, verwysing, polisemie, sinonimie, teenoorgesteldheid, antonimie, komplementeerbaarheid, ruimtelike opposisie en hiponimie. 'Hierbenewens word kohesiewe-bindingspatronesoos ellips, semantiese rolle en sg. tematiese kontinuHeit bespreek. Die daaropvolgende hoofstuk is 'n bye en bring van die ge"identi±iseerde talige patrone van Hoofstuk Twee en 'n situering daarvan in 'n pragmatiese raamwerk. Koherensie is die somtotaal van eenheid en betekenis soos wat dit in diskoers ervaar word. Dit het betrekking op dit wat bydra dat 'n teks vir taalgebruikers sin maak en samehang vertoon. Aangesien koherensie grootliks steun op die pragmatiek, is die fokus van hierdie afdeling van die studie grootliks pragmaties en word daar aangedui hoe die bestaan van bepaalde koordinate, 'n beginsel van samewerking en 'n spraakhandelingsteorie kan bydra tot gefundeerde insigte in die onderhawige teks.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Du Plessis, W I
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Hemmerechts, Kristien, 1955- -- Criticism and interpretation , Discourse analysis, Literary , Structuralism (Literary analysis)
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3601 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002185
- Description: Die doel van hierdie studie was om aan te toon hoe 'n linguistiese beskouing van 'n literere teks kan meehelp om tot gefundeerde insigte in 'n teks te kom en om langs hierdie weg die beskuldiging dat literatuurstudie grotendeels 'n 'anything-goes-dissipline' is, te omseil. Om hierdie rede is daar van die standpunt uitgegaan dat kennis oor die presiese aard van die tekslinguistiek kan meehelp in die toepassing daarvan. Dit dien as motivering vir die uitgebreide diachroniese situering van die tekslinguistiek van die eerste hoofstuk. Hier word geredeneer dat die tekslinguistiek iets soos 'n pseudo-literatuurteorie is wat kan meehelp in die lees en interpretasie van en kommentaar oor 'n literere teks. Daar is grotendeels gefokus op die literere benaderings wat die ontwikkeling van die tekslinguistiek voorafgegaan en be'invloed het. Daar was drie hoofstrominge t.o.v. tekstuele benadering, nl. (i) tekssentriese (outonomistiese), (ii) linguistiese (taalsentriese), en (iii) lesersentriese benaderings. Die vemaamste tekssentriese (outonomistiese) benaderings is die Russiese Formalisme, New Criticism en Stilistiek op taalkundige grondslag. In die bespreking van hierdie benaderings is dit tel kens in verband gebring met die bestaande teorie oor die tekslinguistiek ten einde die diachroniese aard van die ontwikkelingsgang daarvan, te karteer. Die vernaan1ste eksponente van die linguistiese (taalsentriese) benaderings is die Strukteralisme, Poststrukturalisme en die Semiotiek. Daar is in hierdie afdeling duidelik aangestip hoe die standaarde van tekstualiteit (De Beaugrande en Dressler, 1981), en spesifiek die standaard kohesie, terug te vind is in hierdie benadering tot teksstudie. Die Resepsie-estetika en Referensiele benadering is bespreek as eksponente van die sg. lesersentriese benadering. Die doel hiervan was om aan te dui hoe intertekstualiteit, kontekstualiteit en informatiwiteit as standaarde van tekstualiteit, in hierdie benadering terug te vind is. Met die diachroniese situering in gedagte, is daar in die tweede deel van Hoofstuk Een oorgegaan tot 'n sinchroniese karakterisering van wat die tekslinguistiek behels. In hierdie hoofstuk is daar voortgegaan met die beredenering dat die term diskoerslinguisliek • n meer akkurate benaming is vir 'n dissipline wat meer as net ' teks' in ag neem. Diskoers kan beskou word as 'n reeks taaluitinge wat 'n taalhandeling vorm. Hoewel diskoerslinguisliek die term tekslinguistiek in hierdie studie vervang, is daar duidelik aangetoon dat dit nie die doel het om aardskuddend veranderend te wees nie. Die werkswyse wat in hierdie studie gevolg is, is steeds die van die tekslinguistiek. Om hierdie rede is hierdie gedeelte van die studie grootliks teoreties, dit bespreek die interdissiplinere aard van tekslinguistiekldiskoerslinguistiek, definieer dit, en identifiseer die studieveld van 'teks'. Hierdie identifisering (sintaktiese eenheid, semantiese eenheid en pragmatiese eenheid) funksioneer breedweg as die hoofuiteensetting van hierdie studie. Tog word daar in hierdie studie aangetoon dat daar verskil word van die De Beaugrande en Dressler-aanname dat daar sewe standaarde van tekstualiteit bestaan, en word dit hier gereduseer tot twee superstandaarde, nl. kohesie en koherensie. Koherensie beskik oor sg. 'voorwilardes', nl. intensionaliteit, aanvaarbaarheid, informatiwiteit, kontekstualiteit en intertekstualiteit. Op hierdie wyse word die meganistiese indeling van die oorspronklike sewe standaarde oorkom. In Hoofstuk Twee word die teorie rondom die superstandaard kohesie toegepas op die Nederlandse teks deur Kristien Hemmerechts, Kerst en andere liefdesverhalen. Hierdie hoofstuk het die implisiete doel om aan te toon hoe 'n suiwer strukturalistiese ondersoek na 'n tekstuele gegewe kan meehelp in die identifisering van bepaalde linguistiese patrone wat, indien gesitueer in 'n pragmatiese milieu, bepaalde betekeniswaarde verkry. Verskeie aspekte rondom die konsep 'kohesie' word hier bespreek, o.a. 'n by trek van sg. storiegrammatika van die liefdesverhaal en sprokie ten einde bepaalde taalpatrone te identifiser wat pragmatiese betekenislading het. Hierbenewens word daar suiwer struktureel met die teks omgegaan met 'n identifisering van bepaalde patrone in die adjektief-aanwending, die gebruik van saakname, verwysing, polisemie, sinonimie, teenoorgesteldheid, antonimie, komplementeerbaarheid, ruimtelike opposisie en hiponimie. 'Hierbenewens word kohesiewe-bindingspatronesoos ellips, semantiese rolle en sg. tematiese kontinuHeit bespreek. Die daaropvolgende hoofstuk is 'n bye en bring van die ge"identi±iseerde talige patrone van Hoofstuk Twee en 'n situering daarvan in 'n pragmatiese raamwerk. Koherensie is die somtotaal van eenheid en betekenis soos wat dit in diskoers ervaar word. Dit het betrekking op dit wat bydra dat 'n teks vir taalgebruikers sin maak en samehang vertoon. Aangesien koherensie grootliks steun op die pragmatiek, is die fokus van hierdie afdeling van die studie grootliks pragmaties en word daar aangedui hoe die bestaan van bepaalde koordinate, 'n beginsel van samewerking en 'n spraakhandelingsteorie kan bydra tot gefundeerde insigte in die onderhawige teks.
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A case study of the implementation of the communicative approach to English second language progress testing in one secondary school in the Alexandria Circuit of the Eastern Cape Department of Education
- Authors: Ssemakalu, John
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Communicative competence , Communicative competence in children , English language -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Foreign speakers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Language and languages -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Foreign speakers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Second language acquisition -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2362 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002645 , Communicative competence , Communicative competence in children , English language -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Foreign speakers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Language and languages -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Foreign speakers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Second language acquisition -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: This study explores the implementation of the communicative approach (CA) to English second language progress testing in an African secondary school which falls under the Eastern Cape Department of Education. The goal of the research is to establish how teachers access, conceptualise, and apply the CA to language testing in their specific working conditions. The report of the findings of the research reveals that teachers' understanding of the CA to testing differs from that of the linguists, curriculum designers, innovators, and syllabus writers. This is caused by a combination of factors including teachers' poor working conditions, the lack of focused pre-service training and effective in-service structures for their empowennent as the agents of innovation, coupled with the poor circulation and a lack of clarity in official documents on the CA to language testing. These constraints made it impossible for teachers to implement the CA to language testing. In order to carry on with their work, however, teachers developed coping strategies by drawing, probably unconsciously, on a mixture of structuralist, sociolinguistic-psycholinguistic, communicative and any other testing practices they may have acquired during their years of service. Although based only on one school, the findings of this study indicate that for fundamental innovations such as the CA to take root, there is a need for the adoption of more dedicated, reflective implementation strategies involving proper planning and monitoring, as well as evaluation and re-evaluation of the entire process. This necessarily slow process must go hand-in-hand with a dedicated pre-service and in-service empowerment program based on consultative communication between innovator and agent; and a persuasive education/re-education approach which will encourage teachers to change their entrenched practices.
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- Authors: Ssemakalu, John
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Communicative competence , Communicative competence in children , English language -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Foreign speakers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Language and languages -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Foreign speakers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Second language acquisition -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2362 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002645 , Communicative competence , Communicative competence in children , English language -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Foreign speakers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Language and languages -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Foreign speakers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Second language acquisition -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: This study explores the implementation of the communicative approach (CA) to English second language progress testing in an African secondary school which falls under the Eastern Cape Department of Education. The goal of the research is to establish how teachers access, conceptualise, and apply the CA to language testing in their specific working conditions. The report of the findings of the research reveals that teachers' understanding of the CA to testing differs from that of the linguists, curriculum designers, innovators, and syllabus writers. This is caused by a combination of factors including teachers' poor working conditions, the lack of focused pre-service training and effective in-service structures for their empowennent as the agents of innovation, coupled with the poor circulation and a lack of clarity in official documents on the CA to language testing. These constraints made it impossible for teachers to implement the CA to language testing. In order to carry on with their work, however, teachers developed coping strategies by drawing, probably unconsciously, on a mixture of structuralist, sociolinguistic-psycholinguistic, communicative and any other testing practices they may have acquired during their years of service. Although based only on one school, the findings of this study indicate that for fundamental innovations such as the CA to take root, there is a need for the adoption of more dedicated, reflective implementation strategies involving proper planning and monitoring, as well as evaluation and re-evaluation of the entire process. This necessarily slow process must go hand-in-hand with a dedicated pre-service and in-service empowerment program based on consultative communication between innovator and agent; and a persuasive education/re-education approach which will encourage teachers to change their entrenched practices.
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