Spectral properties and photophysical behaviour of water soluble cationic Mg (II) and Al (III) phthalocyanines
- Idowu, Mopelola A, Arslanoğlu, Yasin, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Idowu, Mopelola A , Arslanoğlu, Yasin , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/241549 , vital:50949 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0388-z"
- Description: Peripherally and non-peripherally tetrasubstituted-[(N-methyl-2-pyridylthio)]phthalocyaninato magnesium (II) (5 and 6) and chloro aluminium (III) (7 and 8) tetraiodide have been synthesized and characterized. The photophysical properties of the complexes in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and aqueous medium in the presence and absence of cremophore EL have been studied. These complexes show high solubility in aqueous medium though they were aggregated. The triplet state quantum yields (FT) and the triplet lifetimes (tT) were found to be higher in DMSO with ΦT ranging from 0.32 to 0.51, while tT ranged from 282 to 622 ms in DMSO, compared to aqueous medium (pH 7.4 buffer) where ΦT ranged from 0.15 to 0.19 and tT from 26 to 35 ms. Addition of cremophore EL in aqueous solution resulted in partial disaggregation and increased photoactivity. The fluorescence lifetimes of the complexes showed strong dependence on their immediate environment. The ionic magnesium(II) and aluminium(III) phthalocyanines strongly bind to bovine serum albumin (BSA).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Idowu, Mopelola A , Arslanoğlu, Yasin , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/241549 , vital:50949 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0388-z"
- Description: Peripherally and non-peripherally tetrasubstituted-[(N-methyl-2-pyridylthio)]phthalocyaninato magnesium (II) (5 and 6) and chloro aluminium (III) (7 and 8) tetraiodide have been synthesized and characterized. The photophysical properties of the complexes in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and aqueous medium in the presence and absence of cremophore EL have been studied. These complexes show high solubility in aqueous medium though they were aggregated. The triplet state quantum yields (FT) and the triplet lifetimes (tT) were found to be higher in DMSO with ΦT ranging from 0.32 to 0.51, while tT ranged from 282 to 622 ms in DMSO, compared to aqueous medium (pH 7.4 buffer) where ΦT ranged from 0.15 to 0.19 and tT from 26 to 35 ms. Addition of cremophore EL in aqueous solution resulted in partial disaggregation and increased photoactivity. The fluorescence lifetimes of the complexes showed strong dependence on their immediate environment. The ionic magnesium(II) and aluminium(III) phthalocyanines strongly bind to bovine serum albumin (BSA).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
The Influence of stakeholder orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of small tourism businesses in the Eastern Cape Province
- Maseko, Ian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1374-1660
- Authors: Maseko, Ian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1374-1660
- Date: 2010-12
- Subjects: Small business -- South Africa , Tourism -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25937 , vital:64635
- Description: Small businesses have been identified as a catalyst for the growth and expansion of both developed and developing economies. In South Africa, tourism is an important element of the economy and small tourism businesses play an integral role in this sector. However, the success of these firms is influenced by the business orientation adopted. In this regard, entrepreneurial orientation and stakeholder orientation are considered key factors in ensuring enterprise performance and longevity. The main objective of this research is to establish the relationship between stakeholder orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and the performance of small tourism businesses. In order to accomplish this purpose, the reliability and validity of the instrument was assessed, followed by a multiple regression analysis and a Pearson correlation analysis to test the proposed hypotheses. Overall findings from this study suggest that one dimension of stakeholder orientation and entrepreneurial orientation has a positive significant relationship with small firm performance. The results also confirm that stakeholder orientation dimensions and entrepreneurial orientation are positively correlated. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-12
- Authors: Maseko, Ian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1374-1660
- Date: 2010-12
- Subjects: Small business -- South Africa , Tourism -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25937 , vital:64635
- Description: Small businesses have been identified as a catalyst for the growth and expansion of both developed and developing economies. In South Africa, tourism is an important element of the economy and small tourism businesses play an integral role in this sector. However, the success of these firms is influenced by the business orientation adopted. In this regard, entrepreneurial orientation and stakeholder orientation are considered key factors in ensuring enterprise performance and longevity. The main objective of this research is to establish the relationship between stakeholder orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and the performance of small tourism businesses. In order to accomplish this purpose, the reliability and validity of the instrument was assessed, followed by a multiple regression analysis and a Pearson correlation analysis to test the proposed hypotheses. Overall findings from this study suggest that one dimension of stakeholder orientation and entrepreneurial orientation has a positive significant relationship with small firm performance. The results also confirm that stakeholder orientation dimensions and entrepreneurial orientation are positively correlated. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010-12
Nature conservation, protected areas and local communities : the Tsitsikamma National Park
- Authors: Le Fleur, Yvette Adele
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: National parks and reserves -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Protected areas -- Management , Programme of Work on Protected Areas , Human ecology -- South Africa -- Tsitsikamma , Nature conservation -- Citizen participation
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/177247 , vital:42803
- Description: Since the twentieth century, protected areas, usually in the form of nature reserves or national parks, have become increasingly more dominant as an international conservation strategy. An important factor in protected area management is the relationship between protected areas and its surrounding communities. Historically, the fortress conservation model based on the exclusion of human use and occupation prevailed in relation to protected areas. It is known that this approach brought with it many social and environmental injustices to local communities living in or adjacent to parks. However, a shift in conservation thinking occurred towards the end of the twentieth century, where it has increasingly been advocated for a more participatory approach in protected area management. South Africa has signed the international Convention on Biological Diversity that promotes a participatory approach to nature conservation, which is also reflected in the country’s national laws and policies. In relation to the literature and the lens of political ecology, this thesis sets out to assess in what ways and to what extent the participatory approach has been embraced by South Africa’s conservation authorities. As a case study, it looks at the Tsitsikamma National P ark ( incorporated into the larger Garden Route National Park). In order to get insight on h ow the participatory approach plays itself out at the T NP and what the nature of local communities’ relationship with the park is, this study looks at the aspects of (1) local communities’ socio-economic conditions, (2) their relationship with their natural environment, (3) their perception of nature conservation and (4) their perception of tourism. Then, taking all these aspects into account, (5) how local communities, in general, perceive their relationship with the p ark and its authorities. This study looked at the communities of Kurland, Nature’s Valley, Covie and Storms River. It shows in concurrence with other studies, that despite progressive laws and policies that express the intention of the South African state and SANParks to embrace the participatory approach, its implementation o n t he g round is riddled with challenges. , Thesis (MSocSc) -- Faculty of Humanities, Athropology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Le Fleur, Yvette Adele
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: National parks and reserves -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Protected areas -- Management , Programme of Work on Protected Areas , Human ecology -- South Africa -- Tsitsikamma , Nature conservation -- Citizen participation
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/177247 , vital:42803
- Description: Since the twentieth century, protected areas, usually in the form of nature reserves or national parks, have become increasingly more dominant as an international conservation strategy. An important factor in protected area management is the relationship between protected areas and its surrounding communities. Historically, the fortress conservation model based on the exclusion of human use and occupation prevailed in relation to protected areas. It is known that this approach brought with it many social and environmental injustices to local communities living in or adjacent to parks. However, a shift in conservation thinking occurred towards the end of the twentieth century, where it has increasingly been advocated for a more participatory approach in protected area management. South Africa has signed the international Convention on Biological Diversity that promotes a participatory approach to nature conservation, which is also reflected in the country’s national laws and policies. In relation to the literature and the lens of political ecology, this thesis sets out to assess in what ways and to what extent the participatory approach has been embraced by South Africa’s conservation authorities. As a case study, it looks at the Tsitsikamma National P ark ( incorporated into the larger Garden Route National Park). In order to get insight on h ow the participatory approach plays itself out at the T NP and what the nature of local communities’ relationship with the park is, this study looks at the aspects of (1) local communities’ socio-economic conditions, (2) their relationship with their natural environment, (3) their perception of nature conservation and (4) their perception of tourism. Then, taking all these aspects into account, (5) how local communities, in general, perceive their relationship with the p ark and its authorities. This study looked at the communities of Kurland, Nature’s Valley, Covie and Storms River. It shows in concurrence with other studies, that despite progressive laws and policies that express the intention of the South African state and SANParks to embrace the participatory approach, its implementation o n t he g round is riddled with challenges. , Thesis (MSocSc) -- Faculty of Humanities, Athropology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Synthesis of bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials: A focus on grass and waste paper as raw materials
- Authors: Vala, Mavula Kikwe
- Date: 2009-12
- Subjects: Ethanol as fuel , Biomass energy , Lignocellulose -- Biotechnology
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24499 , vital:63049
- Description: Biofuels are currently recognized as not only a necessity, but an inevitable pathway to secure the planet future energy needs. Food crops have been used (so far) as the biomass for bioethanol and biodiesel production. This has increased concerns over food security and led to the search for diversification and alternative feedstocks for biofuel production. The use of lignocellulosic materials, the most abundant, low cost and easy feedstock to harvest for bioethanol purpose, involves challenging production processes. Several approaches have been used to facilitate the breakdown of the biopolymer structure to produce fermentable sugars that can be converted to ethanol. Most of the approaches have used high temperatures and pressures and have often led to the production of inhibitors of fermentation. In this study, lignocellulosic materials from grass and newsprint were investigated as sources of biomass for bioethanol production using a chemical route (sulfuric acid hydrolysis) which made use of temperatures below 100°C at normal atmospheric pressure. Fermentation of toxic lignocellulosic hydrolyzates was possible after the development of a method for inhibitors removal. The method used treated wood chips as a stationary phase in a chromatographic column to remove inhibitors. This method is expected to be extended to applications such as in municipal wastewater treatment. Sugar yields of 22.26 and 8.9 g/L of hydrolyzate; and an ethanol yield of 184.5 and 130.4 mg/mL of must were achieved for 5g grass and newsprint respectively using optimum conditions of 2percent H2SO4 at 97.5°C for grass and 0.5percent H2SO4 at 97.5°C for newsprint during the hydrolysis process. Pure cellulose was used as a control for the biomass where 254.1 g/L of fermentable sugars were recovered from soluble cellulose and the yield of ethanol was 201.8 mg/mL. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2009
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009-12
- Authors: Vala, Mavula Kikwe
- Date: 2009-12
- Subjects: Ethanol as fuel , Biomass energy , Lignocellulose -- Biotechnology
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24499 , vital:63049
- Description: Biofuels are currently recognized as not only a necessity, but an inevitable pathway to secure the planet future energy needs. Food crops have been used (so far) as the biomass for bioethanol and biodiesel production. This has increased concerns over food security and led to the search for diversification and alternative feedstocks for biofuel production. The use of lignocellulosic materials, the most abundant, low cost and easy feedstock to harvest for bioethanol purpose, involves challenging production processes. Several approaches have been used to facilitate the breakdown of the biopolymer structure to produce fermentable sugars that can be converted to ethanol. Most of the approaches have used high temperatures and pressures and have often led to the production of inhibitors of fermentation. In this study, lignocellulosic materials from grass and newsprint were investigated as sources of biomass for bioethanol production using a chemical route (sulfuric acid hydrolysis) which made use of temperatures below 100°C at normal atmospheric pressure. Fermentation of toxic lignocellulosic hydrolyzates was possible after the development of a method for inhibitors removal. The method used treated wood chips as a stationary phase in a chromatographic column to remove inhibitors. This method is expected to be extended to applications such as in municipal wastewater treatment. Sugar yields of 22.26 and 8.9 g/L of hydrolyzate; and an ethanol yield of 184.5 and 130.4 mg/mL of must were achieved for 5g grass and newsprint respectively using optimum conditions of 2percent H2SO4 at 97.5°C for grass and 0.5percent H2SO4 at 97.5°C for newsprint during the hydrolysis process. Pure cellulose was used as a control for the biomass where 254.1 g/L of fermentable sugars were recovered from soluble cellulose and the yield of ethanol was 201.8 mg/mL. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2009
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009-12
Synthesis and photophysicochemical properties of novel axially di-substituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanines and their photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) activity against Staphylococcus aureus
- Sen, Pinar, Sindelo, Azole, Mafukidze, Donovan M, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Sen, Pinar , Sindelo, Azole , Mafukidze, Donovan M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/186757 , vital:44531 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2019.116203"
- Description: In this study, novel silicon (IV) phthalocyanine axially di-substituted with benzimidazole moieties (3) and its quaternized derivative (4) have been synthesized and fully characterized. The photophysical and photochemical properties of both phthalocyanines such as absorption, fluorescence and, singlet oxygen quantum yields, triplet state quantum yields and exited state lifetimes were investigated in solutions. These new silicon phthalocyanines exhibited low fluorescence but produced high singlet oxygen yields in both DMSO (compound 3 and 4) and aqueous media (compound 4). The quaternization of Si(IV)Pc (3) improved the triplet state quantum yield (ΦT) 0.61 to 0.83, consequently singlet oxygen generation (ΦΔ) increased to 0.69 from 0.42. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy activities (PACT) of Si(IV)Pc photosensitizers were determined towards Staphylococcus aureus. The higher efficiency was obtained with cationic derivative (4) giving reduction percentage value of 99.75%.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Sen, Pinar , Sindelo, Azole , Mafukidze, Donovan M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/186757 , vital:44531 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2019.116203"
- Description: In this study, novel silicon (IV) phthalocyanine axially di-substituted with benzimidazole moieties (3) and its quaternized derivative (4) have been synthesized and fully characterized. The photophysical and photochemical properties of both phthalocyanines such as absorption, fluorescence and, singlet oxygen quantum yields, triplet state quantum yields and exited state lifetimes were investigated in solutions. These new silicon phthalocyanines exhibited low fluorescence but produced high singlet oxygen yields in both DMSO (compound 3 and 4) and aqueous media (compound 4). The quaternization of Si(IV)Pc (3) improved the triplet state quantum yield (ΦT) 0.61 to 0.83, consequently singlet oxygen generation (ΦΔ) increased to 0.69 from 0.42. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy activities (PACT) of Si(IV)Pc photosensitizers were determined towards Staphylococcus aureus. The higher efficiency was obtained with cationic derivative (4) giving reduction percentage value of 99.75%.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Effects of the number of ring substituents of cobalt carboxyphthalocyanines on the electrocatalytic detection of nitrite, cysteine and melatonin
- Matemadombo, Fungisai, Sehlotho, Nthapo, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Matemadombo, Fungisai , Sehlotho, Nthapo , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263408 , vital:53625 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S108842460900125X"
- Description: Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc), cobalt tetracarboxy phthalocyanine (CoTCPc) and cobalt octacarboxy phthalocyanine (CoOCPc), adsorbed onto glassy carbon electrodes, have been used for the electrocatalytic detection of nitrite, L-cysteine and melatonin. The modified electrodes electrocatalytically detected nitrite around 800 mV vs.Ag|AgCl, a value less positive compared to that of an unmodified glassy carbon electrode (at 950 mV vs.Ag|AgCl) and also gave detection limits in the 10-7 M range for nitrite detection. L-cysteine was detected by the modified electrodes at potentials between 0.50 to 0.65 V vs.Ag|AgCl, with L-cysteine detection limits also in the 10-7 M range. The detection limits for melatonin ranged from 10-7 to 10-6 M. CoPc-modified electrodes displayed good separation of interferents (tryptophan and ascorbic acid) in the presence of melatonin. Analyses of commercial melatonin tablets using modified electrodes gave excellent agreement with manufacturer's value for all modified electrodes of this work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Matemadombo, Fungisai , Sehlotho, Nthapo , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263408 , vital:53625 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S108842460900125X"
- Description: Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc), cobalt tetracarboxy phthalocyanine (CoTCPc) and cobalt octacarboxy phthalocyanine (CoOCPc), adsorbed onto glassy carbon electrodes, have been used for the electrocatalytic detection of nitrite, L-cysteine and melatonin. The modified electrodes electrocatalytically detected nitrite around 800 mV vs.Ag|AgCl, a value less positive compared to that of an unmodified glassy carbon electrode (at 950 mV vs.Ag|AgCl) and also gave detection limits in the 10-7 M range for nitrite detection. L-cysteine was detected by the modified electrodes at potentials between 0.50 to 0.65 V vs.Ag|AgCl, with L-cysteine detection limits also in the 10-7 M range. The detection limits for melatonin ranged from 10-7 to 10-6 M. CoPc-modified electrodes displayed good separation of interferents (tryptophan and ascorbic acid) in the presence of melatonin. Analyses of commercial melatonin tablets using modified electrodes gave excellent agreement with manufacturer's value for all modified electrodes of this work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Community participation in selected public schools of Komani, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Sondlo, Oyisa
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Community participation , Common schools , Chris Hani District, Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61578 , vital:71379
- Description: This study is located in Mlungisi Township of Komani in the Eastern Cape - where the aim was to closely examine the role played by this community to build and govern its public schools. The study selected the three biggest schools in the area to examine how the community’s involvement in them has surfaced from their founding up to the present times. The study found that through these three schools, this community managed, under apartheid, to take initiative by mobilising itself for self-development by building these schools and infusing them with a liberation curriculum that was required for the conditions of oppression and resistance at the time. This community in essence turned the intentions of Bantu education around by using these schools as sites of alternative education that was delivered by its own activist teachers to conscientise the student youth about community struggles. Black people in this community used these schools as emancipatory spaces to connect student struggles with community struggles to build community power. In the post-apartheid epoch, much of these traditions and levels of community participation have dropped because of new precarious economies and labour conditions that keep the adult population busy. As a result, present-day community participation is not as politically intentional as it was under apartheid. Theoretically, the study applied Paulo Freire’s Critical Community Pedagogy. Methodologically, the study utilised critical qualitative oral histories and semi-structured interviews. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Sondlo, Oyisa
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Community participation , Common schools , Chris Hani District, Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61578 , vital:71379
- Description: This study is located in Mlungisi Township of Komani in the Eastern Cape - where the aim was to closely examine the role played by this community to build and govern its public schools. The study selected the three biggest schools in the area to examine how the community’s involvement in them has surfaced from their founding up to the present times. The study found that through these three schools, this community managed, under apartheid, to take initiative by mobilising itself for self-development by building these schools and infusing them with a liberation curriculum that was required for the conditions of oppression and resistance at the time. This community in essence turned the intentions of Bantu education around by using these schools as sites of alternative education that was delivered by its own activist teachers to conscientise the student youth about community struggles. Black people in this community used these schools as emancipatory spaces to connect student struggles with community struggles to build community power. In the post-apartheid epoch, much of these traditions and levels of community participation have dropped because of new precarious economies and labour conditions that keep the adult population busy. As a result, present-day community participation is not as politically intentional as it was under apartheid. Theoretically, the study applied Paulo Freire’s Critical Community Pedagogy. Methodologically, the study utilised critical qualitative oral histories and semi-structured interviews. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Xenophobia in South Africa: a socio-legal analysis
- Authors: Sibanda, Samukeliso
- Date: 2011-04
- Subjects: Xenophobia -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25548 , vital:64334
- Description: The ways in which xenophobia continues to express itself in South Africa deserve to be noted at an advanced study. Over the past 15 years the expressions of xenophobia have been accompanied by increased deaths, more discrimination, increase of stereotyping of people of African descent and increased violence towards non-nationals, especially in the poorer parts of South Africa. Many of such xenophobic expressions have gone unnoticed and where they have been noticed, they have received little attention, leading to the exacerbation of the problem. The researcher of this study dwelt on a socio-legal analysis of xenophobia in South Africa. Appreciating the legal connotations and the expressions of xenophobia in South African society is a major concern of this study. To fulfill the objectives of this study, the researcher explores the extent and expression of xenophobia, in addition to analyzing and assessing the efficacy of legislative and other measures aimed to protect non-nationals in South Africa. The study investigates the role of state organizations, government and civil society and evaluates the impact of xenophobia on the enjoyment of human rights by non-nationals. A central objective of this study was to suggest alternative ways of explaining and understanding xenophobia and the responses to it. Empirical research was conducted to explore the extent of xenophobia in South Africa and how and why it is manifested in the way it is. Through in-depth face-to-face interviews it was revealed that the extent and manifestation of xenophobia differs in relation to particular communities, economic set ups and social settings; with poor communities being the most vulnerable to violent xenophobic attacks. Further, it was interesting to note that people have no firm understanding of what xenophobia entails as a social, legal, political and economical phenomenon. Again, it became evident that xenophobia still manifests in a country founded on values of equality, dignity and justice. Moreover, it was established that there is a weak link between law, human action and human behavior. It also became evident that education and sensitization need to be employed if xenophobic perceptions and behaviors are to be sufficiently dealt with. Recommendations were provided upon completion of the study. These included developing the law consciously, thus ensuring that the law has public legitimacy; effective law enforcement and prosecution; human rights education and training (especially in government departments, civil society organizations and institutions of learning); use of media and other communication channels to advocate for non discrimination, equality and respect for human rights, values and integration. Finally, the fight against xenophobia, racial discrimination and other related forms of intolerance needs to be taken up by all members of South African society and Africa at large. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, 2011
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011-04
- Authors: Sibanda, Samukeliso
- Date: 2011-04
- Subjects: Xenophobia -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25548 , vital:64334
- Description: The ways in which xenophobia continues to express itself in South Africa deserve to be noted at an advanced study. Over the past 15 years the expressions of xenophobia have been accompanied by increased deaths, more discrimination, increase of stereotyping of people of African descent and increased violence towards non-nationals, especially in the poorer parts of South Africa. Many of such xenophobic expressions have gone unnoticed and where they have been noticed, they have received little attention, leading to the exacerbation of the problem. The researcher of this study dwelt on a socio-legal analysis of xenophobia in South Africa. Appreciating the legal connotations and the expressions of xenophobia in South African society is a major concern of this study. To fulfill the objectives of this study, the researcher explores the extent and expression of xenophobia, in addition to analyzing and assessing the efficacy of legislative and other measures aimed to protect non-nationals in South Africa. The study investigates the role of state organizations, government and civil society and evaluates the impact of xenophobia on the enjoyment of human rights by non-nationals. A central objective of this study was to suggest alternative ways of explaining and understanding xenophobia and the responses to it. Empirical research was conducted to explore the extent of xenophobia in South Africa and how and why it is manifested in the way it is. Through in-depth face-to-face interviews it was revealed that the extent and manifestation of xenophobia differs in relation to particular communities, economic set ups and social settings; with poor communities being the most vulnerable to violent xenophobic attacks. Further, it was interesting to note that people have no firm understanding of what xenophobia entails as a social, legal, political and economical phenomenon. Again, it became evident that xenophobia still manifests in a country founded on values of equality, dignity and justice. Moreover, it was established that there is a weak link between law, human action and human behavior. It also became evident that education and sensitization need to be employed if xenophobic perceptions and behaviors are to be sufficiently dealt with. Recommendations were provided upon completion of the study. These included developing the law consciously, thus ensuring that the law has public legitimacy; effective law enforcement and prosecution; human rights education and training (especially in government departments, civil society organizations and institutions of learning); use of media and other communication channels to advocate for non discrimination, equality and respect for human rights, values and integration. Finally, the fight against xenophobia, racial discrimination and other related forms of intolerance needs to be taken up by all members of South African society and Africa at large. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, 2011
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011-04
Electrochemical, microscopic and spectroscopic characterization of benzene diamine functionalized single walled carbon nanotube-cobalt (II) tetracarboxy-phthalocyanine conjugates
- Mugadza, Tawanda, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Mugadza, Tawanda , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/247859 , vital:51624 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2010.10.057"
- Description: In this paper we report on the synthesis and characterization of 1,4-benzene diamine (BDA) functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes linked to cobalt (II) tetracarboxy-phthalocyanine. The characterization of the conjugate was through UV–vis, FTIR and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopies and by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and electrochemical methods. The conjugate is used for the electrochemical characterization of diuron. The catalytic rate constant for diuron was 4.4 × 103 M−1 s−1 and the apparent electron transfer rate constant was 18.5 × 10−6 cm s−1. The linear dynamic range was 1.0 × 10−5–2.0 × 10−4 M, with a sensitivity of ∼0.42 A mol−1L cm−2 and a limit of detection of 0.18 μM using the 3δ notation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Mugadza, Tawanda , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/247859 , vital:51624 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2010.10.057"
- Description: In this paper we report on the synthesis and characterization of 1,4-benzene diamine (BDA) functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes linked to cobalt (II) tetracarboxy-phthalocyanine. The characterization of the conjugate was through UV–vis, FTIR and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopies and by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and electrochemical methods. The conjugate is used for the electrochemical characterization of diuron. The catalytic rate constant for diuron was 4.4 × 103 M−1 s−1 and the apparent electron transfer rate constant was 18.5 × 10−6 cm s−1. The linear dynamic range was 1.0 × 10−5–2.0 × 10−4 M, with a sensitivity of ∼0.42 A mol−1L cm−2 and a limit of detection of 0.18 μM using the 3δ notation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Barriers to participation in sports among urban adolescents at an International School in Cape Town, South Africa
- Authors: Klaasen, Robyn Jade
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: Urban teenagers -- Sports , Sports administration
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22155 , vital:51991
- Description: The benefits of participating in sport have been well documented and great emphasis has been placed on the role that it plays in the development of character and social skills, apart from physical and psychological benefits. Sport represents an optimal means of enabling children and adolescents to meet their daily requirements for physical activity to maintain health. Conversely, despite all of the widely acknowledged benefits, participation in sport among children and adolescents continues to decline throughout the world. Although a great deal of research has been conducted to identify barriers to participation in sport, most of it has concerned poor, rural, disadvantaged, or other marginalised groups. As a consequence, a large proportion of the research has attributed low rates of participation in sport to practical barriers, which usually take the forms of either logistical problems or a lack of resources. The aim of this study was to identify the barriers to participation in sport among adolescents in an affluent, urban setting, at an international school in Cape Town, South Africa. The Barriers to Sport Participation Questionnaire was used to identify the social, personal, and practical barriers that affected 107 adolescents who were enrolled in the school. The data was analysed by means of the SPSS (IBM, Version 27) software package and seven significant barriers were identified. Fear of academic failure, environmental constraints, and lack of interest were identified as the primary barriers, thereby emphasising the significant influence of personal barriers, rather than practical ones. It was also found that the influence of particular barriers was greater on females than their male counterparts and that the respondents who either did not participate in sport themselves or were from households in which other members did not do so were more adversely affected by some barriers than the others. Significant correlations were found between some grades and certain barriers, the most notable being those between respondents in Grades 7, 9, and 10 and the fear of academic failure barrier. In light of these findings, it could be concluded that the global decline in participation in sport among the youth is a complex problem and that particular barriers, which might not have been identified in previous research, could be particularly influential in affluent environments. As it is evident that as barriers can be specific to particular groups and settings, the optimal means of overcoming them is unlikely to be found through the adoption of a one-size-fitsall approach. Instead, further research and customised interventions are required. , Thesis (HMS) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10
- Authors: Klaasen, Robyn Jade
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: Urban teenagers -- Sports , Sports administration
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22155 , vital:51991
- Description: The benefits of participating in sport have been well documented and great emphasis has been placed on the role that it plays in the development of character and social skills, apart from physical and psychological benefits. Sport represents an optimal means of enabling children and adolescents to meet their daily requirements for physical activity to maintain health. Conversely, despite all of the widely acknowledged benefits, participation in sport among children and adolescents continues to decline throughout the world. Although a great deal of research has been conducted to identify barriers to participation in sport, most of it has concerned poor, rural, disadvantaged, or other marginalised groups. As a consequence, a large proportion of the research has attributed low rates of participation in sport to practical barriers, which usually take the forms of either logistical problems or a lack of resources. The aim of this study was to identify the barriers to participation in sport among adolescents in an affluent, urban setting, at an international school in Cape Town, South Africa. The Barriers to Sport Participation Questionnaire was used to identify the social, personal, and practical barriers that affected 107 adolescents who were enrolled in the school. The data was analysed by means of the SPSS (IBM, Version 27) software package and seven significant barriers were identified. Fear of academic failure, environmental constraints, and lack of interest were identified as the primary barriers, thereby emphasising the significant influence of personal barriers, rather than practical ones. It was also found that the influence of particular barriers was greater on females than their male counterparts and that the respondents who either did not participate in sport themselves or were from households in which other members did not do so were more adversely affected by some barriers than the others. Significant correlations were found between some grades and certain barriers, the most notable being those between respondents in Grades 7, 9, and 10 and the fear of academic failure barrier. In light of these findings, it could be concluded that the global decline in participation in sport among the youth is a complex problem and that particular barriers, which might not have been identified in previous research, could be particularly influential in affluent environments. As it is evident that as barriers can be specific to particular groups and settings, the optimal means of overcoming them is unlikely to be found through the adoption of a one-size-fitsall approach. Instead, further research and customised interventions are required. , Thesis (HMS) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10
An Investigation on the Clinical Experiences of Newly Qualified Professional Nurses in Hospital Facilities of the Alfred Nzo District Municipality in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Hloba, Siyathemba Prince
- Date: 2021-00
- Subjects: Nurse practitioners
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7942 , vital:55856
- Description: The study aimed to explore and describe the clinical experiences of newly qualified professional nurses in hospital facilities of the Alfred Nzo District Municipality in the Eastern Cape. The newly qualified professional nurses may face difficulties in the hospital facilities when it comes to the execution of duties. The newly qualified professional nurses are expected to display knowledge, skills and to have a positive effect on patients, the relatives of patients and their colleagues to alleviate diseases. This challenge may create emotional distress if newly qualified professional nurses receive inadequate guidance from the senior staff members of the hospital facility. The objectives of this study were to explore and describe the clinical experiences of newly qualified professional nurses, to explore how the newly qualified professional nurses were affected emotionally by clinical experiences and to explore the support system to enhance the performance of the newly qualified professional nurses. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design was used to explore and describe the experiences of the newly qualified professional nurses in hospital facilities of the Alfred Nzo District Municipality in the Eastern Cape. A purposive sampling of newly qualified professional nurses, with less than two years of experience after completing the community service in the clinical practice, was used. The data were collected through face-to-face and semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted until the data were saturated. A pilot study was done before the main study to prove the adequacy and suitability of the methods to conduct the main study. The participants‟ interviews and results of the pilot study were incorporated into the interviews and results of the main study. Tesch‟s method of thematic analysis and an independent coder were used to analyse the data and to draw meaning from the content. The study used Guba and Lincoln‟s criteria of measures to ensure trustworthiness, which included credibility, confirmability, dependability and transferability. Ethical standards were maintained throughout the study as the researcher complied with ethical principles, namely, respect for persons, beneficence, justice and autonomy. The key considerations to curb the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, as stipulated by the World Health Organisation, were followed during the data collection. On data interpretation, three themes were developed with eight subthemes on the first theme, two subthemes on the second theme and three subthemes on the third theme. The research findings revealed that the participants experienced negative attitudes from colleagues and multidisciplinary team members. The shortage of staff and resources made participants feel ineffective in their work environment. Clinical exposure to different units and procedures in various units added value to the development of the participants. The recommendations were made with regards to three divisions. They were the hospital facilities‟ personnel, future nursing research personnel and nursing schools personnel. In hospital facilities, the recommendations included that all novice professional nurses should be made aware of the emotional impact at work. An annual plan for workshops and in-service training should be implemented. Professional counselling is required for the novice professionals who were exposed to Covid-19 isolation units. A need to increase staff coverage in the clinical units was identified as the workload is too big. Management is encouraged to be more sensitive about the newly employed nurses‟ challenges in their facilities and the most experienced nurses are encouraged to mentor and coach the novice nurses. In the future nursing research, recommendations included that more studies need to be conducted in South Africa and the Eastern Cape province to verify the findings of this research. A specific research study that will focus on the supportive needs of nurses in clinical facilities should be done institutionally to provide evidence-based practice. The research culture on the nurses‟ experiences in clinical facilities needs to become a norm. In nursing schools, the recommendations motivated that the nursing students should be exposed to all clinical units before completing the training xiv course. Further studies need to be conducted to evaluate the balance between theory and clinical learning on duly performance. The nursing education institutions should use quality improvement suggestion boxes for students to consider their experiences and opinions about their learning. Key words : clinical experiences, newly qualified professional nurses, Alfred Nzo district municipalities , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-00
- Authors: Hloba, Siyathemba Prince
- Date: 2021-00
- Subjects: Nurse practitioners
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7942 , vital:55856
- Description: The study aimed to explore and describe the clinical experiences of newly qualified professional nurses in hospital facilities of the Alfred Nzo District Municipality in the Eastern Cape. The newly qualified professional nurses may face difficulties in the hospital facilities when it comes to the execution of duties. The newly qualified professional nurses are expected to display knowledge, skills and to have a positive effect on patients, the relatives of patients and their colleagues to alleviate diseases. This challenge may create emotional distress if newly qualified professional nurses receive inadequate guidance from the senior staff members of the hospital facility. The objectives of this study were to explore and describe the clinical experiences of newly qualified professional nurses, to explore how the newly qualified professional nurses were affected emotionally by clinical experiences and to explore the support system to enhance the performance of the newly qualified professional nurses. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design was used to explore and describe the experiences of the newly qualified professional nurses in hospital facilities of the Alfred Nzo District Municipality in the Eastern Cape. A purposive sampling of newly qualified professional nurses, with less than two years of experience after completing the community service in the clinical practice, was used. The data were collected through face-to-face and semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted until the data were saturated. A pilot study was done before the main study to prove the adequacy and suitability of the methods to conduct the main study. The participants‟ interviews and results of the pilot study were incorporated into the interviews and results of the main study. Tesch‟s method of thematic analysis and an independent coder were used to analyse the data and to draw meaning from the content. The study used Guba and Lincoln‟s criteria of measures to ensure trustworthiness, which included credibility, confirmability, dependability and transferability. Ethical standards were maintained throughout the study as the researcher complied with ethical principles, namely, respect for persons, beneficence, justice and autonomy. The key considerations to curb the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, as stipulated by the World Health Organisation, were followed during the data collection. On data interpretation, three themes were developed with eight subthemes on the first theme, two subthemes on the second theme and three subthemes on the third theme. The research findings revealed that the participants experienced negative attitudes from colleagues and multidisciplinary team members. The shortage of staff and resources made participants feel ineffective in their work environment. Clinical exposure to different units and procedures in various units added value to the development of the participants. The recommendations were made with regards to three divisions. They were the hospital facilities‟ personnel, future nursing research personnel and nursing schools personnel. In hospital facilities, the recommendations included that all novice professional nurses should be made aware of the emotional impact at work. An annual plan for workshops and in-service training should be implemented. Professional counselling is required for the novice professionals who were exposed to Covid-19 isolation units. A need to increase staff coverage in the clinical units was identified as the workload is too big. Management is encouraged to be more sensitive about the newly employed nurses‟ challenges in their facilities and the most experienced nurses are encouraged to mentor and coach the novice nurses. In the future nursing research, recommendations included that more studies need to be conducted in South Africa and the Eastern Cape province to verify the findings of this research. A specific research study that will focus on the supportive needs of nurses in clinical facilities should be done institutionally to provide evidence-based practice. The research culture on the nurses‟ experiences in clinical facilities needs to become a norm. In nursing schools, the recommendations motivated that the nursing students should be exposed to all clinical units before completing the training xiv course. Further studies need to be conducted to evaluate the balance between theory and clinical learning on duly performance. The nursing education institutions should use quality improvement suggestion boxes for students to consider their experiences and opinions about their learning. Key words : clinical experiences, newly qualified professional nurses, Alfred Nzo district municipalities , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-00
Investigating grade 6 teachers’ views and practices regarding creating an intellectually safe classroom environment
- Authors: Damana, Yanga
- Date: 2019-05
- Subjects: Classroom environment , Classroom management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19947 , vital:44808
- Description: An intellectually safe classroom (ISC) is essential for teaching and learning to occur. The aim of this study was to investigate Grade 6 teachers’ views and practices regarding the creation of intellectually safe classroom environments. The paradigm that was used in the study was the interpretive paradigm and the research approach was qualitative. A case study design was used. Three Mdantsane primary schools was purposively selected and two Grade 6 teachers from each school were the participants. Semi structured interviews and observations were used to collect data. The research found that participants are cognizant of the need to develop ISC. They define ISC as a classroom that is both emotionally and physically safe for learning to occur. The participants are very conversant with the benefits of ISC. Most of the teachers purposefully tried to implement ISC. This included the establishment of classroom rules, and they acknowledged the role that the teacher plays in setting up an ISC and the manner in which they establish trust and co-operation within their classrooms. However, they are often constrained in their implementation of ISC by their own teaching styles and by factors outside of their control. This emphasised the pivotal role that teachers have in the establishment of an ISC. It is recommended that ISC be implemented in all classrooms with the entire school community working together to do so. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-05
- Authors: Damana, Yanga
- Date: 2019-05
- Subjects: Classroom environment , Classroom management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19947 , vital:44808
- Description: An intellectually safe classroom (ISC) is essential for teaching and learning to occur. The aim of this study was to investigate Grade 6 teachers’ views and practices regarding the creation of intellectually safe classroom environments. The paradigm that was used in the study was the interpretive paradigm and the research approach was qualitative. A case study design was used. Three Mdantsane primary schools was purposively selected and two Grade 6 teachers from each school were the participants. Semi structured interviews and observations were used to collect data. The research found that participants are cognizant of the need to develop ISC. They define ISC as a classroom that is both emotionally and physically safe for learning to occur. The participants are very conversant with the benefits of ISC. Most of the teachers purposefully tried to implement ISC. This included the establishment of classroom rules, and they acknowledged the role that the teacher plays in setting up an ISC and the manner in which they establish trust and co-operation within their classrooms. However, they are often constrained in their implementation of ISC by their own teaching styles and by factors outside of their control. This emphasised the pivotal role that teachers have in the establishment of an ISC. It is recommended that ISC be implemented in all classrooms with the entire school community working together to do so. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-05
The obligation of unmarried biological parents to provide financial support for their children: a contemporary assessment from a children’s rights perspective
- Authors: Obi, Lauretta
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Children's rights , Support (Domestic relations)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22445 , vital:52322
- Description: In South Africa, the compelling task of unmarried biological parents to provide financial support (in the form of paying monthly maintenance) to their children, as a matter of children’s rights, is intended to ensure the children’s economic and psychological well-being both in the present and future. This study seeks, within the private judicial system and socio-economic context, to explore the nature of children’s rights as they pertain to parental financial support and, the responsibilities of unmarried parents to provide financial support for their biological children until they become self-supporting. This is significant as many unmarried parents usually downplay their responsibilities towards ensuring the well-being of their minor children. Section 28 of the South African Constitution of 1996 enshrines it as a duty of parents to fulfil this aspect of their children’s fundamental rights and our courts apply these rules to the letter. The task of providing support to children basically rests with their birth parents as the primary care givers, and in the absence of these parents or, due to their inability, this legal obligation falls on the state. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
- Authors: Obi, Lauretta
- Date: 2021-07
- Subjects: Children's rights , Support (Domestic relations)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22445 , vital:52322
- Description: In South Africa, the compelling task of unmarried biological parents to provide financial support (in the form of paying monthly maintenance) to their children, as a matter of children’s rights, is intended to ensure the children’s economic and psychological well-being both in the present and future. This study seeks, within the private judicial system and socio-economic context, to explore the nature of children’s rights as they pertain to parental financial support and, the responsibilities of unmarried parents to provide financial support for their biological children until they become self-supporting. This is significant as many unmarried parents usually downplay their responsibilities towards ensuring the well-being of their minor children. Section 28 of the South African Constitution of 1996 enshrines it as a duty of parents to fulfil this aspect of their children’s fundamental rights and our courts apply these rules to the letter. The task of providing support to children basically rests with their birth parents as the primary care givers, and in the absence of these parents or, due to their inability, this legal obligation falls on the state. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-07
Ifuthe lenkolo yobuKristu kulwimi lwesiXhosa
- Authors: Mwanda, Siyasanga Pulani
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54511 , vital:46617
- Description: Le ngxongxo iza kuthi ithethe ngefuthe lenkolo yobuKristu kulwimi lwesiXhosa. Akuyomfihlo ukuba ulwimi luthi lukhule okanye ludodobale ngenxa yendlela abantu bolwimi abaphila ngayo notshintsho oluthi lubekho kwindlela abaphila ngayo. AmaXhosa ke athi nawo aziswa kwinkolo yobuKristu. Le ngxoxo iza kuthi icacise ngokuthe gca ithiyori yeSimiyotiki esisiseko sesi sifundo, idakance iizimvo zeengcali zeSimiyotiki, ize ke iveze amagama amatsha ayengekho esiXhoseni mhla mnene, intsusa yalamagama nentsingiselo yawo. Okwesibini izakuthi ivelele intsingiselo yemiqondiso neempawu zobuKristu negalelo lazo kulwimi lwesiXhosa. Okokugqibela iza kuthi iveze izaci namaqhalo esiXhosa angobuKristu. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Language, Media and Communication, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Mwanda, Siyasanga Pulani
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54511 , vital:46617
- Description: Le ngxongxo iza kuthi ithethe ngefuthe lenkolo yobuKristu kulwimi lwesiXhosa. Akuyomfihlo ukuba ulwimi luthi lukhule okanye ludodobale ngenxa yendlela abantu bolwimi abaphila ngayo notshintsho oluthi lubekho kwindlela abaphila ngayo. AmaXhosa ke athi nawo aziswa kwinkolo yobuKristu. Le ngxoxo iza kuthi icacise ngokuthe gca ithiyori yeSimiyotiki esisiseko sesi sifundo, idakance iizimvo zeengcali zeSimiyotiki, ize ke iveze amagama amatsha ayengekho esiXhoseni mhla mnene, intsusa yalamagama nentsingiselo yawo. Okwesibini izakuthi ivelele intsingiselo yemiqondiso neempawu zobuKristu negalelo lazo kulwimi lwesiXhosa. Okokugqibela iza kuthi iveze izaci namaqhalo esiXhosa angobuKristu. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Language, Media and Communication, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
Microalgal-bacterial flocs and extracellular polymeric substances for optimum function of integrated algal pond systems
- Authors: Jimoh, Taobat Adekilekun
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Flocculation , Extracellular polymeric substances , Water Purification , Sewage Purification Anaerobic treatment , Integrated algae pond systems (IAPS) , Microalgal-bacterial flocs
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191214 , vital:45071 , 10.21504/10962/191214
- Description: Despite the dire state of sanitation infrastructures, water scarcity, and the dwindling reserve of natural resources due to ever-increasing population growth, implementation of a suitable technology that can provide a solution to all these issues continues to be ignored. The integrated algal pond system (IAPS) is a wastewater treatment technology that combines the processes of anaerobic digestion and photosynthetic oxygenation to achieve wastewater treatment and facilitate the recovery of treated water and resources in the form of biogas and microalgal-bacterial biomass. The natural process of bioflocculation through microalgal-bacterial mutualism and production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in high rate algal oxidation ponds (HRAOPs) of an IAPS increases efficiency of wastewater treatment and potentially enhances harvestability and biomass recovery, which could contribute significantly to the successful establishment of a biorefinery. Using a 500 PE pilot-scale IAPS supplied domestic sewage coupled with laboratory experiments, this study investigated the importance and function of in situ EPS production and MaB-floc formation in HRAOP. A metagenomic study revealed the biological components of the biomass or mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) produced in HRAOP and showed that the suspended biomass is composed largely of eukaryotes that were dominated by the colonial microalgae Pseudopediastrum sp. and Desmodesmus sp., and a diverse range of prokaryotes including bacteria and cyanobacteria. Dominance, within the bacterial population, by a sulphur-oxidizing bacterium, Thiothrix which comprised up to 80% of the prokaryotes, coincided with a period of poor flocculation and was therefore rationalized to have contributed to bulking and poor biomass settleability. Otherwise, good flocs were formed in the MLSS with settleability up to 95% and, within 1 h. The formation of MaB-flocs appeared to be dependent on EPS concentration of the mixed liquor due to the observed positive correlation between soluble EPS (S-EPS), biomass concentration, and settleability. The contribution and role of MLSS components towards the formation and sustenance of MaB-flocs were further demonstrated in laboratory experiments using pure strains of microalgae, cyanobacteria, and bacteria. Results showed that pure cultures of dominant microalgae in MLSS, Pseudopediastrum sp. and Desmodesmus sp. achieved a rapid 92 and 75% settleability within 3 h. A self-flocculating filamentous cyanobacterium, Leptolyngbya strain ECCN 20BG was isolated, characterized, and shown to achieve 99% settleability within 5 min by forming large tightly aggregated flocs. In further experiments, this strain was found to improve the settleability of MLSS by an average of 20%. Bacterial strains identified as Bacillus strain ECCN 40b, Bacillus strain ECCN 41b, Planococcus strain ECCN 45b, and Exiguobacterium strain ECCN 46b were also observed to produce sticky EPS-like materials in pure cultures that could also contribute to the aggregation of cells in a mixed environment. Given these results, various factors and/or mechanisms that might enhance microbial aggregation and biomass recovery from HRAOP MLSS were identified in this study and include; (1) dominance by larger colonial microalgae prevents disintegration of MaB-flocs and enhances recovery of biomass from MLSS by gravity sedimentation, (2) presence of filamentous cyanobacteria species that can self-flocculate to form an interwoven network of filaments may play an important role in the structural stability and settleability of MaB-flocs in MLSS, and (3) production of EPS to form the matrix or scaffold whereon all microbial components aggregate to develop a microenvironment. Indeed, all forms of EPS, except for that produced by Bacillus strain ECCN 41b, showed bioflocculating property and were able to serve as flocculants for the recovery of Chlorella, an alga known for its poor settleability. A combination of biochemical analyses and FTIR spectroscopy revealed the importance of carbohydrate enrichment of these biopolymers. Carbohydrate concentration in all forms of EPS was between 12 and 41% suggesting that production of these compounds by microbes within the MLSS contributed to MaB-floc formation. EPS extracted from bulk MLSS and EPS produced by Bacillus strains possessed some surface-active properties that were comparable to Triton X-100, indicating potential application in bioremediation and recovery of oil from contaminated soil and water. In particular, EPS generated from Bacillus strain ECCN 41b displayed relatively distinct properties including the quantity produced (> 500 mg/L), increased viscosity, inability to flocculate microalgal cells, a rhamnolipid content of 32%, and a higher surface-activity. Based on these results, Bacillus strain ECCN 41b was rationalized to produce anionic EPS with potential application in metal or oil recovery. In addition to EPS production, the bacteria Planococcus strain ECCN 45b and Exiguobacterium strain ECCN 46b appeared pigmented. Based on partial characterization using UV/Vis spectrophotometry, thin-layer chromatography, FTIR, and NMR, the pigments produced by these two strains appeared to be identical and were tentatively identified as ketocarotenoids. This study successfully demonstrated the importance of EPS production and formation of MaB-flocs in the MLSS from HRAOP of an IAPS treating domestic sewage. It is evident that increased settleability of the biomass does contribute to the reported efficiency of wastewater treatment by IAPS and would reduce both total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In addition, demonstration that this biomass contains products of value such as carotenoids and EPS with potential for commercial use strengthens the idea of using IAPS as a platform technology for innovation of the wastewater treatment process to a biorefinery. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
- Authors: Jimoh, Taobat Adekilekun
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Flocculation , Extracellular polymeric substances , Water Purification , Sewage Purification Anaerobic treatment , Integrated algae pond systems (IAPS) , Microalgal-bacterial flocs
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191214 , vital:45071 , 10.21504/10962/191214
- Description: Despite the dire state of sanitation infrastructures, water scarcity, and the dwindling reserve of natural resources due to ever-increasing population growth, implementation of a suitable technology that can provide a solution to all these issues continues to be ignored. The integrated algal pond system (IAPS) is a wastewater treatment technology that combines the processes of anaerobic digestion and photosynthetic oxygenation to achieve wastewater treatment and facilitate the recovery of treated water and resources in the form of biogas and microalgal-bacterial biomass. The natural process of bioflocculation through microalgal-bacterial mutualism and production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in high rate algal oxidation ponds (HRAOPs) of an IAPS increases efficiency of wastewater treatment and potentially enhances harvestability and biomass recovery, which could contribute significantly to the successful establishment of a biorefinery. Using a 500 PE pilot-scale IAPS supplied domestic sewage coupled with laboratory experiments, this study investigated the importance and function of in situ EPS production and MaB-floc formation in HRAOP. A metagenomic study revealed the biological components of the biomass or mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) produced in HRAOP and showed that the suspended biomass is composed largely of eukaryotes that were dominated by the colonial microalgae Pseudopediastrum sp. and Desmodesmus sp., and a diverse range of prokaryotes including bacteria and cyanobacteria. Dominance, within the bacterial population, by a sulphur-oxidizing bacterium, Thiothrix which comprised up to 80% of the prokaryotes, coincided with a period of poor flocculation and was therefore rationalized to have contributed to bulking and poor biomass settleability. Otherwise, good flocs were formed in the MLSS with settleability up to 95% and, within 1 h. The formation of MaB-flocs appeared to be dependent on EPS concentration of the mixed liquor due to the observed positive correlation between soluble EPS (S-EPS), biomass concentration, and settleability. The contribution and role of MLSS components towards the formation and sustenance of MaB-flocs were further demonstrated in laboratory experiments using pure strains of microalgae, cyanobacteria, and bacteria. Results showed that pure cultures of dominant microalgae in MLSS, Pseudopediastrum sp. and Desmodesmus sp. achieved a rapid 92 and 75% settleability within 3 h. A self-flocculating filamentous cyanobacterium, Leptolyngbya strain ECCN 20BG was isolated, characterized, and shown to achieve 99% settleability within 5 min by forming large tightly aggregated flocs. In further experiments, this strain was found to improve the settleability of MLSS by an average of 20%. Bacterial strains identified as Bacillus strain ECCN 40b, Bacillus strain ECCN 41b, Planococcus strain ECCN 45b, and Exiguobacterium strain ECCN 46b were also observed to produce sticky EPS-like materials in pure cultures that could also contribute to the aggregation of cells in a mixed environment. Given these results, various factors and/or mechanisms that might enhance microbial aggregation and biomass recovery from HRAOP MLSS were identified in this study and include; (1) dominance by larger colonial microalgae prevents disintegration of MaB-flocs and enhances recovery of biomass from MLSS by gravity sedimentation, (2) presence of filamentous cyanobacteria species that can self-flocculate to form an interwoven network of filaments may play an important role in the structural stability and settleability of MaB-flocs in MLSS, and (3) production of EPS to form the matrix or scaffold whereon all microbial components aggregate to develop a microenvironment. Indeed, all forms of EPS, except for that produced by Bacillus strain ECCN 41b, showed bioflocculating property and were able to serve as flocculants for the recovery of Chlorella, an alga known for its poor settleability. A combination of biochemical analyses and FTIR spectroscopy revealed the importance of carbohydrate enrichment of these biopolymers. Carbohydrate concentration in all forms of EPS was between 12 and 41% suggesting that production of these compounds by microbes within the MLSS contributed to MaB-floc formation. EPS extracted from bulk MLSS and EPS produced by Bacillus strains possessed some surface-active properties that were comparable to Triton X-100, indicating potential application in bioremediation and recovery of oil from contaminated soil and water. In particular, EPS generated from Bacillus strain ECCN 41b displayed relatively distinct properties including the quantity produced (> 500 mg/L), increased viscosity, inability to flocculate microalgal cells, a rhamnolipid content of 32%, and a higher surface-activity. Based on these results, Bacillus strain ECCN 41b was rationalized to produce anionic EPS with potential application in metal or oil recovery. In addition to EPS production, the bacteria Planococcus strain ECCN 45b and Exiguobacterium strain ECCN 46b appeared pigmented. Based on partial characterization using UV/Vis spectrophotometry, thin-layer chromatography, FTIR, and NMR, the pigments produced by these two strains appeared to be identical and were tentatively identified as ketocarotenoids. This study successfully demonstrated the importance of EPS production and formation of MaB-flocs in the MLSS from HRAOP of an IAPS treating domestic sewage. It is evident that increased settleability of the biomass does contribute to the reported efficiency of wastewater treatment by IAPS and would reduce both total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In addition, demonstration that this biomass contains products of value such as carotenoids and EPS with potential for commercial use strengthens the idea of using IAPS as a platform technology for innovation of the wastewater treatment process to a biorefinery. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
Sustainability challenges of community newspapers: The case study of iDike-Lethu Community Newspaper
- Authors: Ndarane, Luvuyo Gladstone
- Date: 2022-09
- Subjects: Community newspapers , Journalism, Regional
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23754 , vital:60485
- Description: Community newspapers are an important source of information and play a vital role in the development of communities. They are, therefore, an important stakeholder in community development. IDike-Lethu community newspaper`s presence in the community of Alice and in the areas where it is distributed is facilitating communication and development in these areas. Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality is benefiting in the presence of iDike-Lethu because this newspaper is the conduit through which communication to its citizens is submitted. This study assessed the challenges iDike- Lethu is having that impact on its maximum contribution in this society. Participants in this study are residents of Alice and are readers of iDike-Lethu Community Newspaper. This study adopted a mixed method design in which questionnaires and interviews were used to collect primary data. Data collected was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Major findings that impede smooth operations in this newspaper were discovered. These include inadequate funding, lack of technical backing and lack of community support. The study findings show that with all the challenges iDike-Lethu is having it continues to play a meaningful role by disseminating information, promoting local culture, equipping communities with skills and providing a platform on which these communities including local businesses send information across. Recommendations include the need for this newspaper to find a commercial, profitable and sustainable financial model which will support and reinforce its operations. This study will contribute in further research of methods to link communities and community newspapers to work harmoniously. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-09
Sustainability challenges of community newspapers: The case study of iDike-Lethu Community Newspaper
- Authors: Ndarane, Luvuyo Gladstone
- Date: 2022-09
- Subjects: Community newspapers , Journalism, Regional
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23754 , vital:60485
- Description: Community newspapers are an important source of information and play a vital role in the development of communities. They are, therefore, an important stakeholder in community development. IDike-Lethu community newspaper`s presence in the community of Alice and in the areas where it is distributed is facilitating communication and development in these areas. Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality is benefiting in the presence of iDike-Lethu because this newspaper is the conduit through which communication to its citizens is submitted. This study assessed the challenges iDike- Lethu is having that impact on its maximum contribution in this society. Participants in this study are residents of Alice and are readers of iDike-Lethu Community Newspaper. This study adopted a mixed method design in which questionnaires and interviews were used to collect primary data. Data collected was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Major findings that impede smooth operations in this newspaper were discovered. These include inadequate funding, lack of technical backing and lack of community support. The study findings show that with all the challenges iDike-Lethu is having it continues to play a meaningful role by disseminating information, promoting local culture, equipping communities with skills and providing a platform on which these communities including local businesses send information across. Recommendations include the need for this newspaper to find a commercial, profitable and sustainable financial model which will support and reinforce its operations. This study will contribute in further research of methods to link communities and community newspapers to work harmoniously. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-09
Water governance and social equity in South Africa: a case study of Amathole District Municipality.
- Authors: Hutete, Clarity
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Municipal water supply
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21931 , vital:51844
- Description: South Africa has reformed its water governance to remedy the prominent disparities in water service provision that resulted from the legacy of apartheid. However, despite the new policy reforms and strategies adopted, inequities in water governance remain prevalent. Those residing in marginalised and poor rural areas are the most vulnerable and highly affected by this phenomenon. While this has been attributed to several factors, such as fragmentation of the water sector and lack of capacity, among other reasons, an analysis of the literature revealed that the absence of a water governance framework for social equity is highly prevalent in the context of Amathole District Municipality (ADM) where the research was conducted. Hence, the study's main objective was to develop a water governance framework for social equity that can be utilised to advise councils and policymakers on the attainment of social equity by water service providers at the local level. The study utilised the constructivist research philosophy by adopting a qualitative case study research design and an inductive research approach to address the research questions. Focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews, participant observations and document analysis were used to collect data. A total sample of thirty-four (n=34) participants was purposefully selected; twenty participants (n=20) participated in semi-structured interviews, while fourteen (n=14) participants were engaged through focus group discussions. Findings obtained from the thematic data analysis utilised revealed that while human rights principles and social equity values underpin South Africa’s water reforms, Amathole District Municipality is yet to fully absorb these foundational concepts into its water governance. The study revealed that this is largely attributed to a lack of meaningful participation, limited transparency and accountability in the processes and procedures of the municipality. Results also revealed that persistent inequities still exist in Amathole District Municipality as reflected by the unequal distribution of water services, inconsistency in services provision, lack of transparency and established procedures to guarantee procedural fairness and limited impact on interventions specifically in rural areas. Furthermore, the study revealed that the municipality’s efforts to address water inequities are highly undermined by various economic, environmental, socio- economic, and institutional governance factors. Therefore, the study recommended a Water Governance Framework for Social Equity (WGFSE) and proffered recommendations to enhance social equity for Amathole District Municipality and other municipalities with similar contexts. , Thesis (MPA) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
- Authors: Hutete, Clarity
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Municipal water supply
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21931 , vital:51844
- Description: South Africa has reformed its water governance to remedy the prominent disparities in water service provision that resulted from the legacy of apartheid. However, despite the new policy reforms and strategies adopted, inequities in water governance remain prevalent. Those residing in marginalised and poor rural areas are the most vulnerable and highly affected by this phenomenon. While this has been attributed to several factors, such as fragmentation of the water sector and lack of capacity, among other reasons, an analysis of the literature revealed that the absence of a water governance framework for social equity is highly prevalent in the context of Amathole District Municipality (ADM) where the research was conducted. Hence, the study's main objective was to develop a water governance framework for social equity that can be utilised to advise councils and policymakers on the attainment of social equity by water service providers at the local level. The study utilised the constructivist research philosophy by adopting a qualitative case study research design and an inductive research approach to address the research questions. Focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews, participant observations and document analysis were used to collect data. A total sample of thirty-four (n=34) participants was purposefully selected; twenty participants (n=20) participated in semi-structured interviews, while fourteen (n=14) participants were engaged through focus group discussions. Findings obtained from the thematic data analysis utilised revealed that while human rights principles and social equity values underpin South Africa’s water reforms, Amathole District Municipality is yet to fully absorb these foundational concepts into its water governance. The study revealed that this is largely attributed to a lack of meaningful participation, limited transparency and accountability in the processes and procedures of the municipality. Results also revealed that persistent inequities still exist in Amathole District Municipality as reflected by the unequal distribution of water services, inconsistency in services provision, lack of transparency and established procedures to guarantee procedural fairness and limited impact on interventions specifically in rural areas. Furthermore, the study revealed that the municipality’s efforts to address water inequities are highly undermined by various economic, environmental, socio- economic, and institutional governance factors. Therefore, the study recommended a Water Governance Framework for Social Equity (WGFSE) and proffered recommendations to enhance social equity for Amathole District Municipality and other municipalities with similar contexts. , Thesis (MPA) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
Representations of trauma by three women writers from the global south
- Authors: Pabel, Annemarie Luise
- Date: 2020-04
- Subjects: Women authors (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctor's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55128 , vital:49131
- Description: This study examines modalities of psychological trauma in selected works by three women writers from the global South: the Scottish-Sierra Leonean writer Aminatta Forna, the ChileanAmerican author Isabel Allende and Anuradha Roy from India. It aims to examine textual manifestations of complex and prolonged experiences of trauma and the ways in which literary forms facilitate such representations. Specifically, I am interested in multi-layered and interrelated forms of trauma which exceed the conventional, event-based conceptualization of trauma as an “overwhelming experience of sudden or catastrophic events” (Caruth 1996:11). 1 Such experiences include war, exile, extensive childhood sexual abuse, maternal bereavement and familial disintegration. I have selected three texts from each author’s body of literary work: Forna’s memoir The Devil that Danced on the Water: a Daughter’s Quest (2003) and her novels The Memory of Love (2010) and Happiness (2010), Allende’s memoirs Paula (1994), My Invented Country (2004) and Portrait in Sepia (2000) and Roy’s novels An Atlas of Impossible Longing (2008), Sleeping on Jupiter (2015) and All the Lives We Never Lived (2018). The study’s focus on women writers from different contexts in the global South is motivated by an imbalance in critical attention and validation extreme forms of suffering receive globally. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Language, Media and Communication, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-04
- Authors: Pabel, Annemarie Luise
- Date: 2020-04
- Subjects: Women authors (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctor's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55128 , vital:49131
- Description: This study examines modalities of psychological trauma in selected works by three women writers from the global South: the Scottish-Sierra Leonean writer Aminatta Forna, the ChileanAmerican author Isabel Allende and Anuradha Roy from India. It aims to examine textual manifestations of complex and prolonged experiences of trauma and the ways in which literary forms facilitate such representations. Specifically, I am interested in multi-layered and interrelated forms of trauma which exceed the conventional, event-based conceptualization of trauma as an “overwhelming experience of sudden or catastrophic events” (Caruth 1996:11). 1 Such experiences include war, exile, extensive childhood sexual abuse, maternal bereavement and familial disintegration. I have selected three texts from each author’s body of literary work: Forna’s memoir The Devil that Danced on the Water: a Daughter’s Quest (2003) and her novels The Memory of Love (2010) and Happiness (2010), Allende’s memoirs Paula (1994), My Invented Country (2004) and Portrait in Sepia (2000) and Roy’s novels An Atlas of Impossible Longing (2008), Sleeping on Jupiter (2015) and All the Lives We Never Lived (2018). The study’s focus on women writers from different contexts in the global South is motivated by an imbalance in critical attention and validation extreme forms of suffering receive globally. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Language, Media and Communication, 2020
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- Date Issued: 2020-04
Synthesis and photophysical studies of asymmetric zinc phthalocyanine–magnetic nanoparticle conjugates
- Matlou, Gauta G, Kobayashi, Nagao, Kimura, Mutsumi, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Matlou, Gauta G , Kobayashi, Nagao , Kimura, Mutsumi , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/232895 , vital:50036 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NJ01716B"
- Description: This work reports on the synthesis and amide bond linkage of carboxylic acid functionalized asymmetric zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) complexes to amino magnetic nanoparticles (AMNPs). The work further compares the photophysical and photochemical parameters of the Pc complexes alone with those linked to form ZnPc–AMNPs with further relation to the type of the spacer between the Pc and the AMNPs. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the amide bond formed between the Pc complexes and the AMNPs. The triplet quantum yields ranged from 0.62 to 0.87. However, low singlet oxygen quantum yields were obtained due to competing pathways and the insufficient energy transfer from the excited triplet state of the ZnPc molecules to the molecular oxygen.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Matlou, Gauta G , Kobayashi, Nagao , Kimura, Mutsumi , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/232895 , vital:50036 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NJ01716B"
- Description: This work reports on the synthesis and amide bond linkage of carboxylic acid functionalized asymmetric zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) complexes to amino magnetic nanoparticles (AMNPs). The work further compares the photophysical and photochemical parameters of the Pc complexes alone with those linked to form ZnPc–AMNPs with further relation to the type of the spacer between the Pc and the AMNPs. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the amide bond formed between the Pc complexes and the AMNPs. The triplet quantum yields ranged from 0.62 to 0.87. However, low singlet oxygen quantum yields were obtained due to competing pathways and the insufficient energy transfer from the excited triplet state of the ZnPc molecules to the molecular oxygen.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Big T’s and small T’s: an explorative study on trauma narratives in South Africa
- Authors: Naidoo, Rinisa
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Psychic trauma , Anthropology , Mental health South Africa , Apartheid South Africa Personal narratives , Culture Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/408641 , vital:70512
- Description: The 21st century has seen a dramatic increase in chronic non-infectious diseases, especially in the area of mental health. Medical anthropologists have seen a rise in the development of mental illnesses in both developed and developing nations. There is, however, little research conducted on trauma narratives that do not stem from political violence from an anthropological lens. South Africa has various understandings of trauma depending on the cultural context and it is crucial to examine these narratives as this provides vital information of the daily lived experiences of trauma survivors. Key themes draw on issues of trauma denialism, communicating distress, traumatic symptoms and the development of mental illnesses as a result of traumatic exposure. The data was analysed through Goffman’s (1959) Presentation of Self in Everyday Life illustrating various ways how survivors present themselves depending on the particular audience. This research employed both qualitative and quantitative research methods to gather a holistic understanding of trauma survivors. With the use of semi-structured interviews of Stressful Life Events Questionnaire coupled with observations of online support groups for trauma survivors, this research has provided rich ethnographic evidence of the impact that culture has on trauma narratives illustrating a clear normalcy of trauma present in South Africa. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Anthropology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
- Authors: Naidoo, Rinisa
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Psychic trauma , Anthropology , Mental health South Africa , Apartheid South Africa Personal narratives , Culture Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/408641 , vital:70512
- Description: The 21st century has seen a dramatic increase in chronic non-infectious diseases, especially in the area of mental health. Medical anthropologists have seen a rise in the development of mental illnesses in both developed and developing nations. There is, however, little research conducted on trauma narratives that do not stem from political violence from an anthropological lens. South Africa has various understandings of trauma depending on the cultural context and it is crucial to examine these narratives as this provides vital information of the daily lived experiences of trauma survivors. Key themes draw on issues of trauma denialism, communicating distress, traumatic symptoms and the development of mental illnesses as a result of traumatic exposure. The data was analysed through Goffman’s (1959) Presentation of Self in Everyday Life illustrating various ways how survivors present themselves depending on the particular audience. This research employed both qualitative and quantitative research methods to gather a holistic understanding of trauma survivors. With the use of semi-structured interviews of Stressful Life Events Questionnaire coupled with observations of online support groups for trauma survivors, this research has provided rich ethnographic evidence of the impact that culture has on trauma narratives illustrating a clear normalcy of trauma present in South Africa. , Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Anthropology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14