List of Titles

The South African income tax implications of transactions entered into to earn points for a Broad- Based Black Economic Empowerment scorecard, with reference to a selection of structures

- Jaga, Praksha

Authors: Jaga, Praksha
Date: 2021-04
Subjects: Black Economic Empowerment (Program : South Africa) , South Africa. Income Tax Act, 1962 , Income tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Spendings tax -- South Africa , Tax deductions -- South Africa
Language: English
Type: thesis , text , Masters , MCom
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/177306 , vital:42808
Description: This thesis discussed the South African income tax implications, in terms of the Income Tax Act, No. 58 of 1962, arising from complying with Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment requirements, and related principles established in case law. Various structures and transactions entered into for the purposes of earning points for the B-BBEE scorecard were identified. In the assessment of the deductibility of B-BBEE expenditure in terms of the preamble to section 11, section 11(a) and section 23(g) of the Act, it was highlighted that, in the South African economic environment, B-BBEE compliance represents a competitive advantage for entities. In addition, many South African organisations are required to comply with B-BBEE requirements for legal and regulatory purposes. The analysis of the deductibility of B-BBEE expenditure revealed that taxpayers that incur this expenditure would be carrying on a trade or commencing to do so. It was also concluded that B-BBEE expenditure is incurred in the production of income and would generally not be capital in nature, except in certain circumstances, in which case the Act provides certain allowances. Any deduction will only be allowed in the year of assessment in which the expenditure is actually incurred, or when the taxpayer incurs an unconditional legal obligation. This thesis explored several alternatives to achieve the requirements of the ownership element of B-BBEE and highlighted the income tax implications that arise because of these structures. It was also observed that there are a number of incentives in the Act that could be beneficial to taxpayers seeking to earn points for the remaining elements of the B-BBEE scorecard. A legal interpretive approach, in particular a doctrinal research methodology, was adopted in carrying out this research. This research concluded that the Act facilitates most of the B-BBEE transactions and structures, but due to the complex and sometimes uncertain nature of the tax consequences of B-BBEE transactions and structures, there is a need for further guidance in this area of tax law. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Accounting, 2021
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Umemulo and Zulu girlhood: From preservation to variations of ukuhlonipha nokufihla (respect and secrecy)

- Mntambo, Londiwe Nompilo

Authors: Mntambo, Londiwe Nompilo
Date: 2021-04
Subjects: Virginity , Zulu (African people) -- Rites and ceremonies , Zulu (African people) -- Social life and customs , Virginity -- Social aspects , Women, Zulu -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Social conditions , Women -- Social and moral questions
Language: English , Zulu
Type: thesis , text , Masters , MA
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178352 , vital:42932
Description: This study examines evolving definitions of ukuziphatha kahle that historically relied on the preservation of virginity for Zulu girls, who participate in the umemulo ceremony that marks the transition from girlhood to womanhood. It examines notions of Zulu girlhood as understood through preservation - ukugcina isibaya sikaBaba - and through respectability and secrecy - ukuhlonipha nokufihla. The study analyses how conceptions of ukuziphatha kahle (good behavior) have evolved in the context of sexual rights in the performance of Zulu girlhood. It is located in the interdisciplinary literature of global girlhood studies, and African feminist lenses of womanhood and rites of passages. The study draws from 26 interviews with Zulu women who have gone through umemulo, elder women who facilitate virginity testing and umemulo; and female relatives of women who have gone through umemulo in Estcourt, Wembezi, Paapkalius Fountain, Ntabamhlophe and Cornfields in KwaZulu-Natal. This thesis contextualises umemulo and ukuziphatha kahle (good behaviour) in democratic South Africa. Umemulo is a ritual done for a Zulu girl whose behaviour is deemed to be good. While this is clear, what constitutes ukuziphatha kahle (good behaviour) is contested. On stricter terms, ukuziphatha kahle means to be intombi nto (a virgin). The interviews with women who went through umemulo show that most of them were not virgins at the time of the ritual. The elder and younger women expressed that ukuziphatha kahle for them goes beyond the girl’s virginity. Instead, they understand it as a girl who does not have a child, and who has shown respect and obedience to her parents and elders. Strikingly, the study shows an inter-generational collusion between the younger and elder women, who maintain the outward appearance of virginity of the girls who participate in umemulo. The study argues that there are variations of ukuhlonipha (respect), which in the rights context of democratic South Africa overlap into ukufihla (secrecy). Importantly, it is clear that the concept of being a good Zulu womanhood holds and remains important for Zulu girls and women. However, the ways in which Zulu women experience and perform this is complex. The findings show that while many Zulu girls want to be seen as performing accepted good Zulu womanhood, they do so in ways that allow them to enjoy their sexual rights and pleasure. This is not a tension. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Politial and International Studies, 2021
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Using the indigenous technology of dyeing and weaving African baskets as a cultural tool to mediate learning of chemical and physical changes

- Kakambi, William Mafelezo

Authors: Kakambi, William Mafelezo
Date: 2021-04
Subjects: Science -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Namibia , Chemistry -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Namibia , Ethnoscience -- Namibia , Culturally relevant pedagogy , Traditional ecological knowledge -- Namibia , Basket making -- Namibia , Dyes and dyeing -- Namibia , Pedagogical content knowledge
Language: English
Type: thesis , text , Masters , MEd
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/177268 , vital:42805
Description: Literature has revealed that indigenous learners, especially in many African nations are subjected to learning school science in unfamiliar contexts. Learners in Namibia where this study was conducted are no exception. In consequence, learners experience cognitive conflict between school science and the experiences learnt at home and in the community. This is exacerbated, in part, by the fact that science teachers do not seem to know how to integrate indigenous knowledge in their science teaching. As an attempt to address this problem, some scholars call for the integration of indigenous knowledge into the science curriculum to provide a much needed context for learning science. It is against this background that this study sought to use the indigenous technology of dyeing and weaving baskets as a cultural tool to mediate learning of chemical and physical changes. Underpinned by the interpretivist and Ubuntu paradigms, the study employed a qualitative case study research design. The study was conducted in the Zambezi region in Namibia. Four grade 8 Physical Science teachers, an expert community member, and a critical friend were involved as participants in this study. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews, workshop discussions, participatory observation, and journal reflections. Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory and Mavhunga and Rollnick’s topic specific pedagogical content knowledge were used as theoretical and analytical frameworks, respectively. A thematic approach to data analysis was employed to come up with sub-themes and themes. The findings of the study revealed that all the participating teachers in this study had never been exposed to ideas on how to integrate indigenous knowledge in their science teaching. As a result, they all embraced and valued the indigenous technology of dyeing and weaving as relevant and useful in the teaching and learning of chemical and physical changes. This study recommends that there is a need to empower science teachers on how to integrate indigenous knowledge in their science teaching in order to make science accessible and relevant to their learners’ lived worlds. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Education, 2021
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Water conservation and water demand management in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality

- Mlomzale, Kwanele

Authors: Mlomzale, Kwanele
Date: 2021-04
Subjects: Water conservation -- South Africa -- Buffalo City , Water demand management -- South Africa -- Buffalo City , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Buffalo City , Municipal services -- Law and legislation -- South Africa -- Buffalo City , Water-supply -- Management
Language: English
Type: thesis , text , Masters , MBA
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/177159 , vital:42795
Description: Water is one of the scarce and constrained natural resource globally, and a necessity to every living creature, organism and the natural environment – it is the existence of life. Water, as an irreplaceable natural resource, plays a vital role in every country's development and prosperity, integrating socio-economic needs of both the present and future generation. Therefore, sustainable strategies and approaches or concepts are significant in ensuring that such a unique resource is preserved and conserved sustainably. Municipal environment or local government sphere creates a pivotal role in governing the use of water, through the provision of legislation, regulations and establishment of water conservation and water demand management strategies and plans. However, it has been established that there is a lack of integrated water resource management approach and planning in municipalities, creating concerns with regards to controlling the overutilisation of water and protection of water sources in general. The aim and goals of the study are to review Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality's (BCMM) water conservation and water demand management (BCMM WC/WDM) development and implementation by, assessing the existing strategy related to water conservation and water demand management; constraints and opportunity identification; and provision of recommendations in improving the practices in the municipality. The study presents core theories and empirical studies relevant to the water conservation and water demand management, and also deals with theoretical framework found under the Natural Resource-Based View and its application to water conservation and water demand management concepts. A qualitative research design approach was used for the research, which is underpinned by a post-positivism paradigm. In terms of data collection, two methods were used in the study: (i) document study and secondary analysis; and (ii) semi-structured interviews with BCMM relevant officials. The study identified gaps and inconsistencies in the development and implementation of BCMM WC/WDM strategy, although the municipality has taken some step towards its implementation. However, the strives taken by BCMM in implementing water conservation and water demand management initiatives are acknowledged. The study provides recommendations related to the findings identified upon the data collection and fieldwork. The recommendation proposed by the study includes proper communicating the BCMM WC/WDM strategy to all relevant stakeholders, focus on reducing the non-revenue water, implementation of various project related to pressure management, encourage culture of using water efficiently through educational and community awareness campaigns, capacitation of BCMM including seeking financial support, continuous review of the strategy and exploring other water supply sources to relax the already constrained existing water sources. The limitations of the study compared to the broader scope of water conservation and water demand management aspects are highlighted and acknowledged. Thus, in the conclusion of this study, further future studies are suggested to explore other related aspects of water conservation and water demand management in BCMM. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2021
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Accelerated implementations of the RIME for DDE calibration and source modelling

- Van Staden, Joshua

Authors: Van Staden, Joshua
Date: 2021
Subjects: Radio astronomy , Radio inferometers , Radio inferometers -- Calibration , Radio astronomy -- Data processing , Radio inferometers -- Data processing , Radio inferometers -- Calibration -- Data processing
Language: English
Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172422 , vital:42199
Description: Second- and third-generation calibration methods filter out subtle effects in interferometer data, and therefore yield significantly higher dynamic ranges. The basis of these calibration techniques relies on building a model of the sky and corrupting it with models of the effects acting on the sources. The sensitivities of modern instruments call for more elaborate models to capture the level of detail that is required to achieve accurate calibration. This thesis implements two types of models to be used in for second- and third-generation calibration. The first model implemented is shapelets, which can be used to model radio source morphologies directly in uv space. The second model implemented is Zernike polynomials, which can be used to represent the primary beam of the antenna. We implement these models in the CODEX-AFRICANUS package and provide a set of unit tests for each model. Additionally, we compare our implementations against other methods of representing these objects and instrumental effects, namely NIFTY-GRIDDER against shapelets and a FITS-interpolation method against the Zernike polynomials. We find that to achieve sufficient accuracy, our implementation of the shapelet model has a higher runtime to that of the NIFTY-GRIDDER. However, the NIFTY-GRIDDER cannot simulate a component-based sky model while the shapelet model can. Additionally, the shapelet model is fully parametric, which allows for integration into a parameterised solver. We find that, while having a smaller memory footprint, our Zernike model has a greater computational complexity than that of the FITS-interpolated method. However, we find that the Zernike implementation has floating-point accuracy in its modelling, while the FITS-interpolated model loses some accuracy through the discretisation of the beam.
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An evaluation of co-management practices: A case of a South African platinum mine management and the local community

- Matsimela, Tebogo Mapipi

Authors: Matsimela, Tebogo Mapipi
Date: 2021
Subjects: Mines and mineral resource -- Management -- South Africa , Mines and mineral resource -- Management -- Social aspects , Mines and mineral resource -- Management -- Moral and ethical aspects , Platinum mines and mining -- Management -- South Africa -- Case studies , Corporate governance -- South Africa -- Case studies
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/171874 , vital:42134
Description: A vast body of literature reveals the paradigm shift of South Africa’s economy from an agricultural community to an industrial economy. Elbra (2013) illustrated that South African mining host communities viewed that mineral endowments have become a “resource curse” instead of a driver of local economic development for the benefit of the community. To understand the mining and community conflict and their subsequent complexities, the Marikana massacre in August 2012 must be revisited (Bell, 2016). The problems may be broadly summarised as a lack of stakeholder engagement and inclusivity. Studies involving stakeholder management and co-management focused on the identification of stakeholders and their management. The research evaluated the co-management practices between mine management and a local community. It considered the challenges that emanated from the co-management practices. The primary focus of this research has been to evaluate the co-management features between the mine management and the local community and to identify the challenges associated with co-management from a mine management perspective. Furthermore, the research attempted to find effective co-management practices between the mine management and the local community which may be used to improve the partnership. Armitage, Berkes and Doubleplay (2007) recognised that in facilitating effective co-management, the commitment towards fulfilling good governance and accountability was paramount in ensuring that the rights and obligations of both private and public actors were achieved. However, Ran and Qi (2018) acknowledged that such partnerships were not immune to challenges because the poor implementation of co-management features like power-sharing could collapse a co-management partnership. This study aimed to evaluate the current co-management practices from the mine management’s perspective. A literature search revealed the range of co-management features that explained the different use of practices. The features included co-management and power sharing, co-management and institution building, co-management and trust and social capital, co-management as a process, co-management and problem solving, and co-management and governance. The study evaluated the co-management features between the mine management and the local community, identified the current challenges associated with co-management from a mine management perspective and attempted to make recommendations on effective co-management practices between the mine management and a local community. A qualitative case study method was employed. This method allowed the researcher to evaluate multifaceted matters which may have been investigated in the past but not inconsiderable detail (Baxter and Jack, 2008). Data was sampled using purposive sampling. This was because the population sample was chosen according to their roles and responsibilities and their involvement in the co-management between the mine management and the local community. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and document analyses. The findings of the research were derived from a range of company documents. Thematic analysis was employed to understand the practices of co-management which underpinned the co-management partnership between the mine management and the local community. It was found that there was a positive relationship between the literature study and the response from the mine management. The shared responsibilities emerged out of a dialogue characterised by deliberation and negotiations between the mine management and the stakeholders. Berkes (2009), asserted that co-management bore a resemblance to the process of the sharing of ideas of how responsibilities could be better shared and that it emanated from a process of deliberation and negotiation. Furthermore, if the evolution of the co-management partnership was not managed carefully, it could pose a risk to the partnership itself. It was acknowledged by the research respondents that there were complications involved in having the community as a shareholder in the mine, but equally, the community showed an appreciation of being involved in building a sustainable mine. The model of sustainable partnership emphasised that any viable partnership should adopt this model to achieve a sustainable performance (Thomson and Boutilier, 2011). This research showed that the co-management practices between the mine management and the local community concurred with the findings of Zvarivadza (2018). Trust and transparency between mine management and the community could go a long way in ensuring that the mine fulfilled its legal responsibilities in the local community where the mine is located.
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An exploratory case study on the barriers, challenges and benefits of sustainability reporting by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa

- Mhlope, Veliswa

Authors: Mhlope, Veliswa
Date: 2021
Subjects: Small business -- South Africa -- Case studies , Sustainable development reporting -- South Africa -- Case studies , Social responsibility of business , Environmental responsibility -- South Africa , Environmental reporting -- South Africa
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172018 , vital:42149
Description: SMEs in South Africa and other developing countries have been slow to take up sustainability reporting. This qualitative study is aimed to study the challenges and barriers faced by SMEs, together with the potential benefits for SMEs participating in this type of reporting. It also makes recommendations about how SMEs can participate in and benefit from sustainability reporting. The study shows that indeed there are several challenges in terms of getting involved in sustainability reporting for SMEs. On the other hand, the research finds that the SMEs who are already participating in sustainability reporting can show the benefits of engaging in sustainability reporting and that these benefits far outweigh the challenges. The participating SMEs are also able to show that they have attained a competitive advantage as a result of engaging in sustainability reporting. If, however, sustainability reporting is to become entrenched into SMEs, a few changes need to take place to address challenges such as lack of information about sustainability reporting and its benefits, lack of regulations and more importantly, lack of awareness about sustainable development. As the South African government begins to respond to issues such as climate change, skills development and good governance, it will become necessary for them to introduce regulations to manage this risk. It is also highly possible that in the next few years, reporting will become a regulatory requirement that SMEs will be forced to comply with to continue to do business. The SMEs who are already practising sustainability practices will benefit from being first movers. Those SMEs who start sooner rather than later will already have the internal resources and capabilities to take advantage of the legislative environment. They will have a head start over their rivals in terms of gaining competitive advantage.
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An exploratory study of psychologists’ perceptions of the phenomenon currently understood as ‘borderline personality disorder’

- Daya, Lekha

Authors: Daya, Lekha
Date: 2021
Subjects: Borderline personality disorder , Psychologists -- Attitudes -- South Africa , Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
Language: English
Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/171139 , vital:42023
Description: The phenomenon currently understood as ‘borderline personality disorder’ (BPD) has been complex and multifaceted since its inception. Previous studies have focused on the validity of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) conceptualisation of BPD, aetiologies of BPD, the psychologies of persons diagnosed with BPD, and the gendered nature of BPD. This study aimed to specifically explore South African practising psychologists’ perceptions of BPD. Through thematic analysis from a constructivist, post-modern paradigm, this study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of practising psychologists on BPD, as well as the usefulness of the DSM in working with BPD in a non-western society such as South Africa (SA). The study sampled two Counselling and two Clinical psychologists practising in the South African context, with exposure to and experience in working with BPD. Collectively, results in this study identified psychologists’ perceptions of shortcomings in the usefulness of the DSM’s approach to categorising phenomena associated with BPD, and brought attention to a need for further research and attention into the role of psychologists’ in the construction of BPD. This study seeks to represent psychologists’ practical experiences and perceptions, in an attempt to add contextually relevant findings on the DSM’s construction of BPD, and to contribute to challenging the stigma and misunderstanding associated with BPD. Specific practice implications and recommendations for future research are discussed within.
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An online information security Aaareness model: the disclosure of personal data

- Parker, Heather Joubert

Authors: Parker, Heather Joubert
Date: 2021
Subjects: Social media -- Psychological aspects , Social media -- Psychological aspects -- South Africa , Human behavior , Disclosure of information -- Psychological aspects -- Case studies , Personal information management -- Psychological aspects -- Case studies , Data protection -- Psychologial aspects -- Case studies
Language: English
Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MCom
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172329 , vital:42189
Description: Social media has revolutionized the way people send and receive information by creating a new level of interconnected communication. However, the use of the Internet and social media brings about various ways in which a user’s personal data can be put at risk. This study aims to investigate what drives the disclosure of personal information online and whether an increase in awareness of the value of personal information motivates users to safeguard their information. Fourteen university students participated in a mixed-methods experiment, where they completed a questionnaire before and after being shown the data stored about them by online platforms to determine if changes occur in their intention to disclose. Following completing the initial questionnaire, the participant viewed the personal data stored about them by Facebook, Google, and Instagram. Other online tools such as Social Profile Checker, Facebook View As, and HaveIBeenPawned were used to see the information publicly available about each participant. Together these findings were discussed in a semi-structured interview to determine the influence of attitudes, subjective norms, and awareness on the cost-benefit analysis users conduct when disclosing information online. Overall, the findings indicate that users are able to disregard their concerns due to a resigned and apathetic attitude towards privacy. Furthermore, subjective norms enhanced by FOMO further allow users to overlook potential risks to their information in order to avoid social isolation and sanction. Alternatively, an increased awareness of the personal value of information and having experienced a previous privacy violation encourage the protection of information and limited disclosure. Thus, this study provides insight into privacy and information disclosure on social media in South Africa. It reveals more insight into the cost-benefit analysis users conduct by combining the Theory of Planned Behaviour with the Privacy Calculus Model, as well as the antecedent factors of Trust in the Social Media Provider, FOMO, and Personal Valuation of Information.
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Asymmetric price transmission: an empirical analysis of the relationship between UG-2 chrome ore, charge chrome, nickel and Chinese domestic 304 stainless steel cold rolled coil

- Le Roux, Simon Petrus

Authors: Le Roux, Simon Petrus
Date: 2021
Subjects: Pricing , Chromium ores -- Prices -- South Africa , Nickel -- Prices -- South Africa , Austenitic stainless steel-- Prices -- China , Steel -- Prices -- South Africa , Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributive Lag (NARDL)
Language: English
Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MCom
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/171336 , vital:42049
Description: The goal of this study was to determine whether asymmetric price transmission (APT) exists between the prices of South African UG-2 Chrome ore, Charge Chrome, Nickel and Chinese Domestic 304 Stainless steel Cold Rolled Coil prices. Monthly time series data for the period January 2009 to July 2019 was analysed. The Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributive Lag (NARDL) model was applied to test for the presence of price asymmetry between the four variables. Firstly, it was observed that the four variables are cointegrated in the long-run. Secondly, no evidence of price asymmetry was found to be present within the Stainless steel supply chain. The reason for this is most likely due to the extremely close-knit and highly concentrated nature of this industry at each level within the supply chain. The industry can be very opaque to external observers even though the distribution of pricing information is very efficient for participants within the industry.
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Development and calidation of the psychometric properties underpinning the Kwaito Music Attitude and Perception Scale (KMP)

- Williams, Akhona

Authors: Williams, Akhona
Date: 2021
Subjects: Kwaito-music Attitude and Perception , Chronbach's alpha , Kwaito (Music) , Psychotherapy and music -- South Africa , Problem youth -- Rehabilitation -- South Africa , Attitude (Psychology) -- Testing -- South Africa , Perception -- Testing -- South Africa
Language: English
Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172478 , vital:42208
Description: Music holds a privileged position in enhancing therapeutic well-being, supporting life skills development in youth and adolescents, and shaping cultural identities. As such, music has been closely related to youth culture, especially as it pertains to youth rehabilitation and identity formation. Studies (e.g., Duffy and Fuller, 2000; Miranda et al, 2013; Strayhorn, 2011; Tomasello, 2016) highlight the value of utilising music in youth rehabilitation, and acknowledge the intrinsic value of music to facilitate psychological and social change for individuals who would not otherwise benefit from psycho-education, or other didactic modes of youth rehabilitation. That said, Tyson (2005) developed the RAP music scale to psychometrically validate the underlying constructs of youth’ attitudes and perception of rap music in the United States of America, in order to use the instrument for music-based youth rehabilitation programs. The development of the RAP music scale informed the creation and validation of the Kwaito-music Attitude and Perception (KMP) Scale, the subject of my Masters thesis. Following suggestions from Morrison (2014), my study sought to psychometrically validate the properties of the Kwaito-music Attitude and Perception (KMP) Scale. The KMP was found to be a reliable measure of kwaito music attitudes and perception amongst a sample of South African youth who listen to this genre of music. The internal consistency of the questionnaire revealed a Cronbach’s α (Alpha) value of 0.820. Limitations of the project including reduced factor extraction and sample size constrains are discussed. It is envisioned that results from this study will find resonance with youth-community programs, and rehabilitation projects utilising music as a medium of healing amongst South African youth.
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Evaluating the cyber security skills gap relating to penetration testing

- Beukes, Dirk Johannes

Authors: Beukes, Dirk Johannes
Date: 2021
Subjects: Computer networks -- Security measures , Computer networks -- Monitoring , Computer networks -- Management , Data protection , Information technology -- Security measures , Professionals -- Supply and demand , Electronic data personnel -- Supply and demand
Language: English
Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/171120 , vital:42021
Description: Information Technology (IT) is growing rapidly and has become an integral part of daily life. It provides a boundless list of services and opportunities, generating boundless sources of information, which could be abused or exploited. Due to this growth, there are thousands of new users added to the grid using computer systems in a static and mobile environment; this fact alone creates endless volumes of data to be exploited and hardware devices to be abused by the wrong people. The growth in the IT environment adds challenges that may affect users in their personal, professional, and business lives. There are constant threats on corporate and private computer networks and computer systems. In the corporate environment companies try to eliminate the threat by testing networks making use of penetration tests and by implementing cyber awareness programs to make employees more aware of the cyber threat. Penetration tests and vulnerability assessments are undervalued; are seen as a formality and are not used to increase system security. If used regularly the computer system will be more secure and attacks minimized. With the growth in technology, industries all over the globe become fully dependent on information systems in doing their day-to-day business. As technology evolves and new technology becomes available, the bigger the risk becomes to protect against the dangers which come with this new technology. For industry to protect itself against this growth in technology, personnel with a certain skill set is needed. This is where cyber security plays a very important role in the protection of information systems to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the information system itself and the data on the system. Due to this drive to secure information systems, the need for cyber security by professionals is on the rise as well. It is estimated that there is a shortage of one million cyber security professionals globally. What is the reason for this skills shortage? Will it be possible to close this skills shortage gap? This study is about identifying the skills gap and identifying possible ways to close this skills gap. In this study, research was conducted on the cyber security international standards, cyber security training at universities and international certification focusing specifically on penetration testing, the evaluation of the need of industry while recruiting new penetration testers, finishing with suggestions on how to fill possible gaps in the skills market with a conclusion.
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Exploring domestic workers’ subjectivities through stories of their personal childcare arrangements

- Michaeu, Nisha

Authors: Michaeu, Nisha
Date: 2021
Subjects: Women household employees, Black -- Social conditions -- South Africa , Women household employees, Black -- Social conditions -- South Africa -- Case studies , Women household employees, Black -- Psychology -- South Africa , Day care aides -- South Africa
Language: English
Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172029 , vital:42150
Description: Domestic service has long been a major sector of the South African labour market, for black women particularly, who must support their family and children. Existing research has stressed the way in which race, class and gender has shaped the oppressive character of domestic service in South Africa. In this narrative study a new slant is provided on this existing theoretical discussion of domestic labour, one that is focused on exploring the agentic human being beyond ‘the servant question’. This study uses narrative interviews with domestic workers in Makhanda/Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa to show how we can expand on potentially limited or constricted passive ‘domestic worker identities’ and ideas/beliefs about women who do domestic work. A performative and positioning narrative analysis is used to explore the subject positions of domestic workers in their stories about their childcare arrangements. This analysis examines multiple shifting identities and positions that are used by domestic workers in relation to their maternal subjectivity and their audience (here, a white trainee-psychologist esearcher), while highlighting the significance of narrative methodology in making these positions visible. The areas of focus were their history, experience of domestic work, life outside of domestic work, family network/dynamics and personal childcare arrangements. Under these areas of focus the following was analysed: the ways in which the storyteller positioned herself in her narrative, how she compared/contrasted or located herself in relation to the other, claims of identity that were made, what she incorporated or purposefully left out, words and phrases that were chosen, which sections of talk were embellished or elaborated on and appeals that were made to the interviewer (Riessman, 2002). Through exploring the micro-practices of domestic workers’ lives the study found that there were various subject positions constructed and used by this group of women. Findings showed that domestic workers positioned themselves actively as breadwinners, good mothers who give their children opportunities that they were not given, nurturers and crafty mothers who secure good care for their children. In contrast to these active subject positions, positions of sacrifice were performed when domestic workers spoke about leaving their young children in the care of another while they worked. The study also found that participants managed complex positions of disappointment and unmet expectations for a better life in the new South Africa by using narratives of resistance and agency. In certain instances, identity appeals were made to the interviewer that they, and other women who do domestic work, are entrepreneurial and creative with their income and possess skills outside of their day-to-day household cleaning jobs. This was interpreted as an attempt to extend the domestic worker identity positioning beyond the traditionally accepted notions of unskilled/uneducated women who do domestic work. In the study this allowed for more subject positions to be taken up in terms of identities and selves, beyond just being a “domestic worker”.
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Exploring the role of supervisors in developing employee commitment in a Namibian Public Institution from the subordinates’ perspective

- Daniel, Anna

Authors: Daniel, Anna
Date: 2021
Subjects: Supervisors -- Namibia -- Case studies , Leadership -- Namibia -- Case studies , Employee motivation -- Namibia -- Case studies , Employee loyalty -- Namibia -- Case studies , Supervision -- Namibia -- Case studies , Management -- Employee participation -- Namibia -- Case studies
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/170770 , vital:41958
Description: Over the years, scholars have noted the importance of organisations managing the performance of their employees by effectively maintaining their commitment. Hence, l ite rature highlighted that employee s have the potential to be recognised as a source of competitive advantage for an organisation and not a resource of an organisation. The main aim of the study was to explore the role of supervisors in developing employee commitment in a Namibian Public Ins titution from the subordinates’ perspective. The focus of this research was to understand how subordinates were included in decision making and were supported by their supervisors , and on how subordinates received feed b ack on role fulfilment and performance from their supervisors. Furthermore, the study described how subordinates viewed the leadership behaviour of their supervisors and how this i nfluenced employee commitment. The data was collected using qualitative me t hods through semi - structured face - to - face interview s with the subordinates of the selected institution. During this study, a sample of 15 subordinates taken from a population of 266 within the institution’s structure was inte rviewed . The interview quest ion s were based on how supervisors included subordinates in decision making, developed subordinates ’ support and delivered feedback on role and performance. The study used secondary data to determine the level of performance against set targets of the inst itu tion, using the annual performance report of the institution. In addition , the study used the staff access control syste m to determine the work time s of employees Lastly, the study analysed the data regarding staff resignation for the last five years to a ssess the level of staff turnover rate of the institution. The study f ound that the subordinates felt the re should be greater subordinate inclusion in decision making, increased levels of re gular feedback and higher levels of support shown by supervis ors t o subordinates when e xecuting their jobs. The study further highlighted the importance of supervisors to develop the ability of shifting from one leadership style to another depending on the situation at hand. The study reviewed six leadership style s that could influence commitment . Therefore, the study recommend s th at the institution direct its attention towards developing the situational leadership skills of their supervisors and developing their skills to enable them to better harmonise teamwork, increas e regular communication and give regular feedback to their subordinates . The results from this research will be beneficial to public institutions within the region and will, in add ition, enhance the academic body of literature in this field . The s tudy will draw the attention of supervisors to the importance of their behaviour, conduct, and their subsequent impact on employee commitment.
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High-resolution geological, petrological and geochemical investigation of the mid mid-lower c. 3.3 Ga Kromberg type type-section, Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa Africa

- Ndlela, Sibusisiwe

Authors: Ndlela, Sibusisiwe
Date: 2021
Subjects: Petrology -- Eswatini and South Africa -- Barberton Greenstone Belt , Geology -- Eswatini and South Africa -- Barberton Greenstone Belt , Geochemistry -- Eswatini and South Africa -- Barberton Greenstone Belt , Onverwacht Group (South Africa) , Barberton Greenstone Belt (Eswatini and South Africa) , Groups (Stratigraph) -- South Africa
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172241 , vital:42179
Description: The geology of the SE limb of the Kromberg type-section, its origin and its evolution has remained controversial for more than five decades since its discovery by Viljoen and Viljoen (1969). Different lithostratigraphy and geodynamic models have been proposed that were centred around two end-member models, a continuous layer-cake stratigraphy model (Viljoen and Viljoen, 1969c, Lowe et al., 1999) or a tectono-stratigraphic model (de Wit et al., 2011, Furnes et al., 2012). Additionally, the Kromberg type-section mafic-ultramafic sequence represents a relatively thin, dismembered sequence compared to other formations or ‘complexes’ in the Onverwacht Group. Previous geology workers relied on the field interpretations for the construction of the geological architecture of the Kromberg type-section; but no petrographic analyses were conducted for accurate, integrated geological characterization of different rock compositions. To address controversies centred around the Kromberg type-section geology and geodynamic setting, this study is aimed at testing previously proposed stratigraphic and geodynamic models by integrating high-resolution geological mapping, petrography, mineral chemistry and whole-rock geochemistry to verify rock characterization. The aim is to accurately reconstruct the volcano-sedimentary architecture of the Kromberg type-section and to compare this to the results of previous fieldwork. Moreover, the manner in which the Kromberg sequence may relate to current Archean geodynamic models is evaluated, and a new model explaining the origin and evolution of the Kromberg type sequence is proposed. The integration of high-resolution field mapping, petrography and geochemistry has allowed for a high precision study and that has resulted in the construction of a new geological architecture for the SE limb of the Kromberg type-section. The stratigraphic thickness of the SE limb of the Kromberg sequence comprises dominant c. 80% volcanic rocks and minor c. 15% intrusive rocks, intercalated by 7 volcano-sedimentary chert horizons (c. 5%). Four main rock types (groups) are present in the Kromberg type-section with two sub-types of komatiitic basalts (the Badplaas-type and Geluk-types), Fe-rich tholeiitic basalt, cumulate peridotite, and a metadunite. Although the Kromberg type-section records sub-greenschist to lower greenschist facies, more than 50% of the rock samples classify as altered with parts of the stratigraphy recording extensive chloritization and severe ocean-floor silicification. Geochemical data revealed an enrichment in SiO2, K2O, Ba, Rb and variation in HREE for highly silicified samples whereas, chloritized samples are enriched in FeO and have concave upward LREE patterns. Partially chloritized tholeiites and komatiitic basalts have overlapping SiO2 signatures, relatively flat REE patterns and a small negative Nb anomaly in the primitive mantle-normalized spider diagrams. This thesis provides the first Lu-Hf isotope data on whole rock samples from the Kromberg type-section. The εHf values at t=3.33 Ga range between -0.62 to +4.18 and Hf model ages range between 3.43 - 4.27 Ga. The rock compositions are compared to the geochemistry of other greenstone belt rocks, which are considered to provide insight onto the geodynamic setting under which the Kromberg mafic-ultramafic sequence formed. The rock compositions reveal plume-related processes where a primitive mantle melt interacts with recycled mafic crust or mafic lower crust of older units of the Onverwacht Group. Only a small Nb anomaly is found in some samples and the data plots outside the subduction zone (forearc and back-arc) field. Rare-Earth element profiles are flat and not consistent with a subduction zone signature, as proposed in previous studies. Rifting of an oceanic floor in a juvenile basin is proposed for the formation of the Kromberg type-section rocks, prior to being tectonically accreted during regional transpressional deformation at c. 3.23 Ga.
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How the leaders of an Eastern Cape development agency experienced a transition from specialist roles to the leadership roles and how this shaped their leadership identity

- Mbokoma, Noxolo Patricia

Authors: Mbokoma, Noxolo Patricia
Date: 2021
Subjects: Economic development projects -- Managemenat -- South Africa -- Case studies , Organizational change -- South Africa -- Case studies , Organizational behavior -- South Africa -- Case studies , Leadership -- South Africa -- Case studies
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/171997 , vital:42147
Description: This study sought to investigate the experiences of leaders involved in a transition from specialist role to leadership role at the Eastern Cape Development Agency, South Africa. A qualitative case study within a constructivist paradigm was adopted. Bridges’ (1991) theory of transition was used in this study to understand and analyse the process of transition in this study. The study used purposive sampling technique, where six leaders were selected and interviewed. The data was analysed through inductive and content analysis techniques. The findings are presented thematically and supported with participants verbatim. The study established that as specialists transition to leadership roles they experience lack of role clarity, stress (role strain), resistance, inadequate support, shock, increased work load (role strain) and role conflict. These experiences influence on their role identity, expertise, peer relationships and financial status. The study also established that for smooth and successful transition, consultation, participation, proper succession planning, and training is vitally important. This was necessary to ease the tension between management, leadership, specialist responsibilities, and resistance from specialists. The study recommends adequate support and preparation in all stages of transition to ensure that the organization benefits from the transition.
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Infant health: a community-based assessment and educational intervention in two rural communities in the Eastern Cape.

- Kuzeeko, Faith

Authors: Kuzeeko, Faith
Date: 2021
Subjects: Angus Gillis Foundation (South Africa) , Infants -- Mortality -- South Africa , Infants -- Health and hygiene -- South Africa , Breastfeeding -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Infants -- Care -- Equipment and supplies , Infants -- Care -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Case studies , Children -- Mortality -- South Africa , High throughput screening (Drug development)
Language: English
Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MPharm
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/170837 , vital:41964
Description: South Africa is on track to attaining the 2030 Agenda on reducing under-five deaths to 25 deaths per 1000 live births at its current momentum, however an unacceptable amount of infants are still at risk from preventable illnesses. Malnutrition is the major underlined cause of infant mortality rates in South Africa. Exclusive breastfeeding rates are low nationwide due to low exposure to breastfeeding information, some mothers having other commitments and others having breastfeeding difficulties. Implementation and expansion of simple, cost-effective interventions, such as exclusive breastfeeding for six months to reduce and/or prevent infant mortality rates, remains low in South Africa. The aim of the study was to determine one infant health issue of major concern to participants in two rural villages in the Eastern Cape, namely Glenmore and Ndwayana. The identified infant health issue was used to design an educational intervention in the villages. This was the second phase of this study. A community-based participatory approach was utilized in which the Angus Gillis Foundation, a non-profit organization that works in these communities, was one of the stakeholders. Stock status of WHO priority medicines for infants, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were carried out during the baseline study. The intervention phase contained pre-2 intervention semi-structured interviews with ten pregnant women followed by an educational intervention with nine out of the ten; and finally, a post-intervention with seven out of the ten women. A questionnaire was completed by members of the Angus Gillis Foundation to provide feedback on the sustainability of the intervention. Semi-structured interviews revealed that medicines stocked at the clinic parallel those indicated in the WHO priority medicines list for infants. The results from the focus group discussions indicated that mothers do not exclusively breastfeed their infants during the first six months. Pre- and post-intervention results on exclusive breastfeeding illustrated a positive change in participants’ knowledge and intent to breastfeed exclusively for six months. They showed a better understanding of the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and indicated a more focussed intention and confidence to carry out optimal breastfeeding practices. In the questionnaire the members of the Angus Gillis Foundation stated that the intervention is sustainable as it was linked with the existing networks. These include educational programs carried out in the villages by the foundation together with positive health champions, community health workers and women self-help groups; which will be able to build on the present knowledge base. Finally, the study also included the design of a booklet on the identified infant health issue. In conclusion, participants highlighted lack of understanding regarding breastfeeding as an issue of concern during the baseline phase of the study. This community-based educational intervention improved the understanding of breastfeeding among the participants, resulting in a positive change in perception with regards to exclusive breastfeeding practices.
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Mapping the transition from a traditional university into an entrepreneurial university

- Naidoo, Tharusha

Authors: Naidoo, Tharusha
Date: 2021
Subjects: Rhodes University -- Management , Education, Higher -- South Africa , Education, Higher -- Economic aspects -- South Africa , Academic-industrial cooperation , Entrepreneurship , Business and education -- South Africa , Research -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Case studies
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172214 , vital:42177
Description: The study aims to map the transition of a traditional university into an entrepreneurial university. The concept of the entrepreneurial university has been established as a game changer in the development and innovation spheres at higher education institutions worldwide. In the year 2002, the South African Higher Education sector embarked on a modelling and redefining journey which gave birth to the National Plan for Higher Education. The Entrepreneurship Development in Higher Education has undertaken work done on the entrepreneurial university which gave rise to the mapping that breeds ground towards policy. This study sought to investigate whether there is a conducive environment at Rhodes University, with an entrepreneurial climate to develop institutional capabilities and build new networks. The research highlights the current direction of Rhodes University and elaborates on the potential for the transition towards an entrepreneurial university. An overview of the entrepreneurial university was provided through an analysis of literature, which dominated in the more developed countries compared to South Africa. The researcher adopted a qualitative research study to capture the direct experiences of the individuals that are in the institution. A questionnaire was designed using the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Guiding Framework and the direct perceptions of academics from the university were documented. The objectives were firstly, to explore elements of leadership and governance that enhance transformation of Higher Education Institution from a traditional university towards an entrepreneurial university. Secondly, to investigate internal resources that enhance Organisational Capacity with specific reference to people and incentives. Lastly, to determine how Teaching and Learning strengthen entrepreneurship development. The interviews revealed that the challenges faced by the institution were closely linked to those recognized by existing literature. What was interesting to note, limited funding and support were regarded as the most significant problems, closely followed by unskilled people and lack of infrastructure. It is suggested that cultivating and nurturing an entrepreneurial culture is of paramount importance together with the creation of a policy framework. Furthermore, the study concluded with practical recommendations proposed to management regarding the three strategic lenses. The research also illustrated that Rhodes University may not be viewed as being entrepreneurial but certainly has pockets of entrepreneurship and innovative activities.
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