Racism and law : implementing the right to equality in selected South African equality courts
- Authors: Krüger, Rósaan
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: South Africa Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act, 2000 , Equality -- South Africa , Discrimination -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Racism -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Apartheid -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Constitutional law -- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1994-
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3677 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003192 , South Africa Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act, 2000 , Equality -- South Africa , Discrimination -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Racism -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Apartheid -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Constitutional law -- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1994-
- Description: Racism has informed South African society since colonial times. Racist beliefs found expression in the laws of colonial and apartheid South Africa and shaped both state and society. The constitutional state that South Africa has become since 1994, is based on the values of ‘human dignity’, ‘the achievement of equality’ and ‘nonracialism’, among others. Law formed the basis of the racist state prior to 1994, and now law has a fundamental role to play in the transformation of the state and society in an egalitarian direction by addressing socio-economic inequalities on the one hand, and by changing patterns of behaviour based on racist beliefs forged in the past, on the other. This thesis examines one of the legal instruments that is intended to contribute to transformation in the latter sense, namely the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000 (the Equality Act), with specific reference to the issue of racism. The provisions of this Act and the framework for its operation against the background of South Africa’s racist past, and within the broader framework of international and constitutional law, are examined. These two legal frameworks are analysed for the purpose of determining the standards set by international and constitutional law regarding racial equality in order to determine whether the Equality Act measures up. This thesis also incorporates an analysis of the practical application of the provisions of the Equality Act to complaints of racism in selected equality courts. The theoretical analysis of the Act’s provisions and their application in the equality courts point to various problematic formulations and obstacles which negatively affect the application of the provisions and thus hamper social change. The thesis concludes with recommendations for refining the Act’s provisions and its application.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Krüger, Rósaan
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: South Africa Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act, 2000 , Equality -- South Africa , Discrimination -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Racism -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Apartheid -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Constitutional law -- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1994-
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3677 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003192 , South Africa Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act, 2000 , Equality -- South Africa , Discrimination -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Racism -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Apartheid -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Constitutional law -- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1994-
- Description: Racism has informed South African society since colonial times. Racist beliefs found expression in the laws of colonial and apartheid South Africa and shaped both state and society. The constitutional state that South Africa has become since 1994, is based on the values of ‘human dignity’, ‘the achievement of equality’ and ‘nonracialism’, among others. Law formed the basis of the racist state prior to 1994, and now law has a fundamental role to play in the transformation of the state and society in an egalitarian direction by addressing socio-economic inequalities on the one hand, and by changing patterns of behaviour based on racist beliefs forged in the past, on the other. This thesis examines one of the legal instruments that is intended to contribute to transformation in the latter sense, namely the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000 (the Equality Act), with specific reference to the issue of racism. The provisions of this Act and the framework for its operation against the background of South Africa’s racist past, and within the broader framework of international and constitutional law, are examined. These two legal frameworks are analysed for the purpose of determining the standards set by international and constitutional law regarding racial equality in order to determine whether the Equality Act measures up. This thesis also incorporates an analysis of the practical application of the provisions of the Equality Act to complaints of racism in selected equality courts. The theoretical analysis of the Act’s provisions and their application in the equality courts point to various problematic formulations and obstacles which negatively affect the application of the provisions and thus hamper social change. The thesis concludes with recommendations for refining the Act’s provisions and its application.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Understanding biotic interactions in invaded pond communities in the Sundays River irrigation network, South Africa
- Authors: Mofu, Lubabalo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Mozambique tilapia -- South Africa -- Sundays River (Eastern Cape) , Western mosquitofish -- South Africa -- Sundays River (Eastern Cape) , Gobiidae -- South Africa -- Sundays River (Eastern Cape) , Clupeidae -- South Africa -- Sundays River (Eastern Cape) , Reservoirs -- South Africa -- Sundays River (Eastern Cape) , Zooplankton -- South Africa -- Sundays River (Eastern Cape) , Freshwater ecology -- South Africa -- Sundays River (Eastern Cape) , Biotic communities -- South Africa -- Sundays River (Eastern Cape) , Fishes -- Effect of temperature on -- South Africa -- Sundays River (Eastern Cape) , Stable isotopes , Relative Impact Potential
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/167089 , vital:41436
- Description: The Sundays River valley irrigation ponds provide a unique opportunity to investigate biotic interactions within a biological invasions context, as they contain both native and non-native fish species. This study focusses on two native species (Glossogobius callidus and Gilchristella aestuaria) and two non-native species (Oreochromis mossambicus and Gambusia affinis). The ecology of the ponds was driven by physico-chemical variables, mainly temperature, but the interactions between fishes were a complex interplay between temperature, pond community ecology and food web structure. Seasonal changes in temperature and subsequent fluctuations in water levels resulted in changes in zooplankton community. Chlorophyll-a, temperature, G. callidus and G. affinis were the drivers of the seasonal changes in macroinvertebrate composition. Stable isotope analysis identified substantial ontogenetic dietary shifts in all species, corresponding to changes in body size. Stable isotope analysis revealed that the niche space occupied by G. affinis was broad and overlapped with that of the other three focal species. Stable isotope metrics showed that G. affinis and O. mossambicus utilised a wide range of resources compared to G. callidus and G. aestuaria. Stomach content analysis showed that G. callidus, O. mossambicus and G. affinis fed predominantly on benthic resources, while G. aestuaria fed mainly plankton resources. Functional response experiments revealed that G. callidus and G. affinis both displayed Type II functional responses. In single fish trials, G. affinis had significantly higher functional responses than G. callidus. In heterospecific G. callidus-G. affinis combinations the functional response of G. callidus was reduced by the presence of G. affinis, whereas, this combination greatly enhanced G. affinis functional response magnitudes. The functional response of G. callidus, O. mossambicus and G. affinis under two temperature treatments along with fish abundance data was used to determine temporal differences in the ecological impacts of each fish species between seasons. The relative impact potential of O. mossambicus was consistently higher than that of G. callidus and G. affinis. This study demonstrates how seasonal temperature fluctuations affect the relative impact capacities of introduced species. Overall, this thesis showed that high temperature along with life-history traits contributes to the biotic interactions between native and non-native species in novel environments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mofu, Lubabalo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Mozambique tilapia -- South Africa -- Sundays River (Eastern Cape) , Western mosquitofish -- South Africa -- Sundays River (Eastern Cape) , Gobiidae -- South Africa -- Sundays River (Eastern Cape) , Clupeidae -- South Africa -- Sundays River (Eastern Cape) , Reservoirs -- South Africa -- Sundays River (Eastern Cape) , Zooplankton -- South Africa -- Sundays River (Eastern Cape) , Freshwater ecology -- South Africa -- Sundays River (Eastern Cape) , Biotic communities -- South Africa -- Sundays River (Eastern Cape) , Fishes -- Effect of temperature on -- South Africa -- Sundays River (Eastern Cape) , Stable isotopes , Relative Impact Potential
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/167089 , vital:41436
- Description: The Sundays River valley irrigation ponds provide a unique opportunity to investigate biotic interactions within a biological invasions context, as they contain both native and non-native fish species. This study focusses on two native species (Glossogobius callidus and Gilchristella aestuaria) and two non-native species (Oreochromis mossambicus and Gambusia affinis). The ecology of the ponds was driven by physico-chemical variables, mainly temperature, but the interactions between fishes were a complex interplay between temperature, pond community ecology and food web structure. Seasonal changes in temperature and subsequent fluctuations in water levels resulted in changes in zooplankton community. Chlorophyll-a, temperature, G. callidus and G. affinis were the drivers of the seasonal changes in macroinvertebrate composition. Stable isotope analysis identified substantial ontogenetic dietary shifts in all species, corresponding to changes in body size. Stable isotope analysis revealed that the niche space occupied by G. affinis was broad and overlapped with that of the other three focal species. Stable isotope metrics showed that G. affinis and O. mossambicus utilised a wide range of resources compared to G. callidus and G. aestuaria. Stomach content analysis showed that G. callidus, O. mossambicus and G. affinis fed predominantly on benthic resources, while G. aestuaria fed mainly plankton resources. Functional response experiments revealed that G. callidus and G. affinis both displayed Type II functional responses. In single fish trials, G. affinis had significantly higher functional responses than G. callidus. In heterospecific G. callidus-G. affinis combinations the functional response of G. callidus was reduced by the presence of G. affinis, whereas, this combination greatly enhanced G. affinis functional response magnitudes. The functional response of G. callidus, O. mossambicus and G. affinis under two temperature treatments along with fish abundance data was used to determine temporal differences in the ecological impacts of each fish species between seasons. The relative impact potential of O. mossambicus was consistently higher than that of G. callidus and G. affinis. This study demonstrates how seasonal temperature fluctuations affect the relative impact capacities of introduced species. Overall, this thesis showed that high temperature along with life-history traits contributes to the biotic interactions between native and non-native species in novel environments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The development of a concept of psychological well-being
- Authors: Bar-On, Reuven
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Mental health -- Psychological aspects Personality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2928 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002437
- Description: This thesis focuses on the development of an operational and theoretically eclectic concept of psychological well-being. A comprehensive research strategy was employed to examine various personality factors thought to be components of psychological health (i.e., the basis of the proposed concept). The general approach involved four major phases: (1) the clustering of various variables and identification of underlying key factors purported to be related to psychological health based on the writer's clinical experience and review of the mental health literature, (2) the formulation of an ~ priori concept of psychological well-being based on the operational definition of those factors, (3) the construction of an inventory designed to examine the proposed concept, and (4) the interpretation of the results and their implications for the development of the overall concept based on the examination of the factorial structure, validity and reliability of the inventory. The"a posteriori concept" evolved out of this process. The results of the present study indicate that the most valid and reliable factorial components of psychological well-being are self regard,interpersonal relationship, independence, problem-solving, assertiveness,reality testing, stress tolerance, self-actualization and happiness; social responsibility and flexibility emerged as questionable components of the a posteriori concept. The inventory which was designed to study the concept was successful in significantly differentiating various levels of psychological health. This way of conceptualizing and assessing psychological well-being has potential applicability for mental health practitioners and researchers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Bar-On, Reuven
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Mental health -- Psychological aspects Personality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2928 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002437
- Description: This thesis focuses on the development of an operational and theoretically eclectic concept of psychological well-being. A comprehensive research strategy was employed to examine various personality factors thought to be components of psychological health (i.e., the basis of the proposed concept). The general approach involved four major phases: (1) the clustering of various variables and identification of underlying key factors purported to be related to psychological health based on the writer's clinical experience and review of the mental health literature, (2) the formulation of an ~ priori concept of psychological well-being based on the operational definition of those factors, (3) the construction of an inventory designed to examine the proposed concept, and (4) the interpretation of the results and their implications for the development of the overall concept based on the examination of the factorial structure, validity and reliability of the inventory. The"a posteriori concept" evolved out of this process. The results of the present study indicate that the most valid and reliable factorial components of psychological well-being are self regard,interpersonal relationship, independence, problem-solving, assertiveness,reality testing, stress tolerance, self-actualization and happiness; social responsibility and flexibility emerged as questionable components of the a posteriori concept. The inventory which was designed to study the concept was successful in significantly differentiating various levels of psychological health. This way of conceptualizing and assessing psychological well-being has potential applicability for mental health practitioners and researchers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
Aspekte van die Judaïes-Christelike en die Boeddhistiese in die poësie van Breyten Breytenbach
- Authors: Ferreira, Jeanette
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Breytenbach, Breyten Afrikaans poetry -- History and criticism , Breytenbach, Breyten -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3574 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002097
- Description: Concepts of life and death, time and self-denial are investigated in the poetry of Breyten Breytenbach, with specific reference to the similarities and differences between the Judeo-Christian and the Buddhist traditions. Biblical references in the poetry are examined, and their underlying concepts compared to related concepts in Tantric Buddhism and Zen-Buddhism. The conclusion is drawn that the biblical concepts are transposed in the poetry in order to create Buddhist concepts of life and death, time and a form of self-denial. De-sacralisation of the Christian. concepts is inevitable in this creative process. However, the primary intention of the author is not de-sacralisation, but the implementation 'of the Buddhist philosophy of life in which everything is experienced as "totally one". A comparison between the reconstructed intended reader of Breytenbach's poetry and elements of the Afrikaans reading public suggests that political comment on segregated South African society is intended. Breytenbach's poetry is compared to canonized Afrikaans poetry with respect to Buddhist influence, national protest, aspiration to holiness and transposed biblical concepts. The conclusion is that his poetry is highly innovative in these respects. In the broader spectrum of South African literature his poetry is compared, with reference to transposed biblical concepts and national protest, to the poetry of Black poets writing in English, and (where material is available) to those writing in Afrikaans. The conclusion is that Breytenbach's poetry is strongly linked to this poetry. However, the complexity of Breytenbach's poetry, and the advanced aesthetic level and linguistic code required of the intended reader determine his placing within the canon of Afrikaans poetry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Ferreira, Jeanette
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Breytenbach, Breyten Afrikaans poetry -- History and criticism , Breytenbach, Breyten -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3574 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002097
- Description: Concepts of life and death, time and self-denial are investigated in the poetry of Breyten Breytenbach, with specific reference to the similarities and differences between the Judeo-Christian and the Buddhist traditions. Biblical references in the poetry are examined, and their underlying concepts compared to related concepts in Tantric Buddhism and Zen-Buddhism. The conclusion is drawn that the biblical concepts are transposed in the poetry in order to create Buddhist concepts of life and death, time and a form of self-denial. De-sacralisation of the Christian. concepts is inevitable in this creative process. However, the primary intention of the author is not de-sacralisation, but the implementation 'of the Buddhist philosophy of life in which everything is experienced as "totally one". A comparison between the reconstructed intended reader of Breytenbach's poetry and elements of the Afrikaans reading public suggests that political comment on segregated South African society is intended. Breytenbach's poetry is compared to canonized Afrikaans poetry with respect to Buddhist influence, national protest, aspiration to holiness and transposed biblical concepts. The conclusion is that his poetry is highly innovative in these respects. In the broader spectrum of South African literature his poetry is compared, with reference to transposed biblical concepts and national protest, to the poetry of Black poets writing in English, and (where material is available) to those writing in Afrikaans. The conclusion is that Breytenbach's poetry is strongly linked to this poetry. However, the complexity of Breytenbach's poetry, and the advanced aesthetic level and linguistic code required of the intended reader determine his placing within the canon of Afrikaans poetry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
Synthetic and physical organic studies of chromone derivatives
- Ramaite, Ipfani David Isaiah
- Authors: Ramaite, Ipfani David Isaiah
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Benzopyrans Heterocyclic compounds -- Derivatives Coumarins
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4380 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005045
- Description: A range of chromone-2-carboxylic acids has been prepared by condensing suitably substituted 2-hydroxyacetophenones with diethyl oxalate. pK₂ Studies of these acids revealed that 6- or 7-methoxy substituents decreased acidity while the 6-nitro group enhanced acidity; the strongest acid was the 3-chloro derivative, the increase in acidity being attributed to steric inhibition of acid-weakening delocalisation between the carboxyl group and the chromone system. Various chromone-2-carboxamides, derived from acid chloride precursors, were converted to polysubstituted acrylamides by nucleophilic ring-opening with selected amine nucleophiles. The main fragmentation patterns exhibited by these acrylamides were elucidated using a combination of low resolution, high resolution and meta-stable peak analysis, while the effect of substituents on the simultaneous internal rotation involving the carboxamide and enamine moieties were studied using dynamic NMR spectroscopy. Rotational barriers of ca. 67.1 kJmol ̄¹ and ca. 102 kJmol ̄¹ were found for the enamine and amide rotors, respectively. Several synthetic pathways were followed to prepare a series of 2-(N,N-dialkylamino)chromones which were subjected to detailed mass spectral analysis. In addition to substituent-specific fragmentations , the 2-aminochromones appear to fragment via 3 major pathways. The effect of substituents on the internal rotation of the amino moeity was investigated by variable temperature ¹H NMR spectroscopy and the resulting DNMR data was used to calculate the rotational barriers. Examination of the data reveals that the electron-releasing 6- and 7- substituents reduce the C-NMe₂ rotational barrier to ca. 43.5 kJmol ̄¹ , while the nitro analogue has the largest rotational barrier (ca. 46.1 kJmol ̄¹) because of the electron-withdrawing effect of this substituent.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1997
- Authors: Ramaite, Ipfani David Isaiah
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Benzopyrans Heterocyclic compounds -- Derivatives Coumarins
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4380 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005045
- Description: A range of chromone-2-carboxylic acids has been prepared by condensing suitably substituted 2-hydroxyacetophenones with diethyl oxalate. pK₂ Studies of these acids revealed that 6- or 7-methoxy substituents decreased acidity while the 6-nitro group enhanced acidity; the strongest acid was the 3-chloro derivative, the increase in acidity being attributed to steric inhibition of acid-weakening delocalisation between the carboxyl group and the chromone system. Various chromone-2-carboxamides, derived from acid chloride precursors, were converted to polysubstituted acrylamides by nucleophilic ring-opening with selected amine nucleophiles. The main fragmentation patterns exhibited by these acrylamides were elucidated using a combination of low resolution, high resolution and meta-stable peak analysis, while the effect of substituents on the simultaneous internal rotation involving the carboxamide and enamine moieties were studied using dynamic NMR spectroscopy. Rotational barriers of ca. 67.1 kJmol ̄¹ and ca. 102 kJmol ̄¹ were found for the enamine and amide rotors, respectively. Several synthetic pathways were followed to prepare a series of 2-(N,N-dialkylamino)chromones which were subjected to detailed mass spectral analysis. In addition to substituent-specific fragmentations , the 2-aminochromones appear to fragment via 3 major pathways. The effect of substituents on the internal rotation of the amino moeity was investigated by variable temperature ¹H NMR spectroscopy and the resulting DNMR data was used to calculate the rotational barriers. Examination of the data reveals that the electron-releasing 6- and 7- substituents reduce the C-NMe₂ rotational barrier to ca. 43.5 kJmol ̄¹ , while the nitro analogue has the largest rotational barrier (ca. 46.1 kJmol ̄¹) because of the electron-withdrawing effect of this substituent.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1997
An examination of the extractives of Leonotis species
- Authors: Kaplan, Errol R
- Date: 1966
- Subjects: Leonotis -- Analysis Botanical chemistry Chemistry, Analytic Chemistry, Organic
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4481 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012628
- Description: Marrubiin and the other two diterpenoids, compounds X and Y, which had previously been isolated from Leonotus leonurus have been reinvestigated. Although the structure for marrubiin is well known its stereochemistry has been the subject of protracted discussion and is by no means secure except at C₅ and C₁₀ . N.M.R. spectral evidence showed that the lactone ring was cis-fused and β-orientated. Dehydration experiments carried out by previous workers were repeated, in order to resolve the residual uncertainty regarding the stereochemistry at C₉, an attempt was made to prepare iodoacetyl marrubic acid for X-ray crystallographic studies. Compound Y, C₂₀H₂₈0₃, a triply-unsaturated compound was shown by spectral studies to contain a furan ring and an α,β- unsaturated keto-group. It possesses a hydroxyl group incapable of acetylation, but readily removed by alkali and dehydrating agents to yield a tetraunsaturated compound, anhydro~Y; the hydroxyl is thus tertiary, Isolation of 1:2:5-trimethylnaphthalene on dehydrogenation indicated a relationship with the labdane diterpene group and supported the C₂₀ formula, The position of the α,β-unsaturated keto-group was resolved by interpretation of the ultraviolet spectra of degradation products and also by isolation of 1:2:3:5- trimethylnaphthalene on dehydrogenation of a suitable grignard product, The presence of a β-substituted furan was further indicated by colour reactions and confirmed by mass and n.m.r. spectra. The skeleton of compound Y is correlated with marrubiin via "iso-ambreinolide " and its stereochemistry is discussed. Further stereochemical assignments are postulated from the study of the n.m.r. spectra. Compound X, C₂₀H₂₈0₅, was shown by spectral and chemical evidence to be a diterpenoid dilactone containing an ether bridge between C₉ and C₁₃ Isolation of 1:2:5 trimethylnaphthal ene on dehydrogenation showed it to be closely related to marrubiin, This was supported by n.m.r. spectral results. A structure for compound X is proposed and the stereochemistry discussed. The aerial portions of Leonotis leonitis were also extracted and shown to contain a new compound, compound R. Preliminary investigation showed that it was a dilactone containing a furan ring, The n.m.r. spectrum of the compound is discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1966
- Authors: Kaplan, Errol R
- Date: 1966
- Subjects: Leonotis -- Analysis Botanical chemistry Chemistry, Analytic Chemistry, Organic
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4481 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012628
- Description: Marrubiin and the other two diterpenoids, compounds X and Y, which had previously been isolated from Leonotus leonurus have been reinvestigated. Although the structure for marrubiin is well known its stereochemistry has been the subject of protracted discussion and is by no means secure except at C₅ and C₁₀ . N.M.R. spectral evidence showed that the lactone ring was cis-fused and β-orientated. Dehydration experiments carried out by previous workers were repeated, in order to resolve the residual uncertainty regarding the stereochemistry at C₉, an attempt was made to prepare iodoacetyl marrubic acid for X-ray crystallographic studies. Compound Y, C₂₀H₂₈0₃, a triply-unsaturated compound was shown by spectral studies to contain a furan ring and an α,β- unsaturated keto-group. It possesses a hydroxyl group incapable of acetylation, but readily removed by alkali and dehydrating agents to yield a tetraunsaturated compound, anhydro~Y; the hydroxyl is thus tertiary, Isolation of 1:2:5-trimethylnaphthalene on dehydrogenation indicated a relationship with the labdane diterpene group and supported the C₂₀ formula, The position of the α,β-unsaturated keto-group was resolved by interpretation of the ultraviolet spectra of degradation products and also by isolation of 1:2:3:5- trimethylnaphthalene on dehydrogenation of a suitable grignard product, The presence of a β-substituted furan was further indicated by colour reactions and confirmed by mass and n.m.r. spectra. The skeleton of compound Y is correlated with marrubiin via "iso-ambreinolide " and its stereochemistry is discussed. Further stereochemical assignments are postulated from the study of the n.m.r. spectra. Compound X, C₂₀H₂₈0₅, was shown by spectral and chemical evidence to be a diterpenoid dilactone containing an ether bridge between C₉ and C₁₃ Isolation of 1:2:5 trimethylnaphthal ene on dehydrogenation showed it to be closely related to marrubiin, This was supported by n.m.r. spectral results. A structure for compound X is proposed and the stereochemistry discussed. The aerial portions of Leonotis leonitis were also extracted and shown to contain a new compound, compound R. Preliminary investigation showed that it was a dilactone containing a furan ring, The n.m.r. spectrum of the compound is discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1966
A contribution to the limnology of Swartvlei: the effect of physico-chemical factors upon primary and secondary production in the pelagic zone
- Authors: Robarts, R D (Richard D)
- Date: 1974
- Subjects: Limnology -- South Africa -- Swartvlei
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5822 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007474
- Description: From Resumé: The effect of physico-chemical factors on the biology of the upper reaches of Swartvlei has been investigated during 1971-1972. Physico-chemical data have shown that Swartvlei was characterized by an extremely labile ectogenic meromixis. This instability was due to three factors : (1) the inflow of freshwater, (2) the inflow of sea water, and (3) wind stress. The magnitude of the effects of these factors upon the physics, chemistry and biology of the upper reaches was dependent upon whether or not the estuary mouth was open or closed. The phytoplankton of the pelagic zone of Swartvlei was dominated by nannoplankton. Three major categories were recorded: dinoflagellates, flagellates and diatoms. The major factor regulating their productivity in the upper reaches was light. As a result of humate staining and suspended detrital matter light conditions in Swartvlei were comparable to those in extremely eutrophic northern hemisphere lakes. A maximum integral primary productivity of 39.66 mg C m⁻² h⁻¹ was recorded in November 1972. The aerobic heterotrophic bacterial population in Swartvlei was usually less than 300 col. ml⁻¹ (plate counts). The activity of the total microbial population was measured with ¹⁴C techniques. Uptake of acetate was dominated by flagellates and one species of dinoflagellate when they were present. Glucose uptake was due to bacteria as was acetate uptake in the absence of heterotrophic phytoplankton. Glucose uptake was usually greatest in the anaerobic zone. This, and the presence of H₂S, suggested that a large active photosynthetic and chemosynthetic bacterial population may have been present in the monimolimnion. The possible importance of these bacterial processes in the total productivity of the pelagic zone of Swartvlei was discussed. Daytime zooplankton population size was statistically correlated with the size of the flagellate population. The zooplankton was dominated by Acartia and Halicyclops. These two animals were found in the anaerobic bottom of Swartvlei after October 1971. This corresponded to the disappearance of the flagellate population from the water column. The dominance of these animals in the zooplankton population may have been related to their ability to live in anaerobic water where the bacterial population appeared to be considerably more abundant than in the aerobic zone. Further implications of the results are discussed in reference to phytoplankton cell size and heterotrophy indicating a possible adaptive significance of these factors in Swartvlei.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1974
- Authors: Robarts, R D (Richard D)
- Date: 1974
- Subjects: Limnology -- South Africa -- Swartvlei
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5822 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007474
- Description: From Resumé: The effect of physico-chemical factors on the biology of the upper reaches of Swartvlei has been investigated during 1971-1972. Physico-chemical data have shown that Swartvlei was characterized by an extremely labile ectogenic meromixis. This instability was due to three factors : (1) the inflow of freshwater, (2) the inflow of sea water, and (3) wind stress. The magnitude of the effects of these factors upon the physics, chemistry and biology of the upper reaches was dependent upon whether or not the estuary mouth was open or closed. The phytoplankton of the pelagic zone of Swartvlei was dominated by nannoplankton. Three major categories were recorded: dinoflagellates, flagellates and diatoms. The major factor regulating their productivity in the upper reaches was light. As a result of humate staining and suspended detrital matter light conditions in Swartvlei were comparable to those in extremely eutrophic northern hemisphere lakes. A maximum integral primary productivity of 39.66 mg C m⁻² h⁻¹ was recorded in November 1972. The aerobic heterotrophic bacterial population in Swartvlei was usually less than 300 col. ml⁻¹ (plate counts). The activity of the total microbial population was measured with ¹⁴C techniques. Uptake of acetate was dominated by flagellates and one species of dinoflagellate when they were present. Glucose uptake was due to bacteria as was acetate uptake in the absence of heterotrophic phytoplankton. Glucose uptake was usually greatest in the anaerobic zone. This, and the presence of H₂S, suggested that a large active photosynthetic and chemosynthetic bacterial population may have been present in the monimolimnion. The possible importance of these bacterial processes in the total productivity of the pelagic zone of Swartvlei was discussed. Daytime zooplankton population size was statistically correlated with the size of the flagellate population. The zooplankton was dominated by Acartia and Halicyclops. These two animals were found in the anaerobic bottom of Swartvlei after October 1971. This corresponded to the disappearance of the flagellate population from the water column. The dominance of these animals in the zooplankton population may have been related to their ability to live in anaerobic water where the bacterial population appeared to be considerably more abundant than in the aerobic zone. Further implications of the results are discussed in reference to phytoplankton cell size and heterotrophy indicating a possible adaptive significance of these factors in Swartvlei.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1974
Simulation of the visuo-motor processes in the tracking and interception of a tennis ball in play
- Authors: Pappo, Harry A
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Tennis -- Psychological aspects Motor ability -- Physiological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1365 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001431
- Description: In sports, one might wish to test new ideas regarding player movement, tactics, or strategy without subjecting the athletes to possibly wasteful or even harmful habit formations. If a method of simulation of the athlete can be devised, experiments might reasonably be conducted to evaluate the ideas independently of actual training or trial in the field. Simulation of a complex system generally begins with a long period of analysis. During this time there may be mathematical and programming explorations and constructions to sharpen and examine different approaches. Meetings are usually held by the participants to try to define the task and explore alternatives. Ideas are amplified, possibly discarded as not feasible, or incorporated into the system package. Gradually there evolves a tighter and more acceptable formulation using logical and mathematical expressions (Preface, p. vii)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
- Authors: Pappo, Harry A
- Date: 1985
- Subjects: Tennis -- Psychological aspects Motor ability -- Physiological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1365 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001431
- Description: In sports, one might wish to test new ideas regarding player movement, tactics, or strategy without subjecting the athletes to possibly wasteful or even harmful habit formations. If a method of simulation of the athlete can be devised, experiments might reasonably be conducted to evaluate the ideas independently of actual training or trial in the field. Simulation of a complex system generally begins with a long period of analysis. During this time there may be mathematical and programming explorations and constructions to sharpen and examine different approaches. Meetings are usually held by the participants to try to define the task and explore alternatives. Ideas are amplified, possibly discarded as not feasible, or incorporated into the system package. Gradually there evolves a tighter and more acceptable formulation using logical and mathematical expressions (Preface, p. vii)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1985
Applications of the Baylis-Hillman reaction in the synthesis of coumarin derivatives
- Authors: Musa, Musiliyu Ayodele
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Coumarins Heterocyclic compounds -- Derivatives
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4403 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006705
- Description: The reaction of specially prepared salicylaldehyde benzyl ethers with the activated alkenes, methyl acrylate or acrylonitrile, in the presence of the catalyst, DABCO, has afforded Baylis-Hillman products, which have been subjected to conjugate addition with either piperidine or benzylamine. Hydrogenolysis of these conjugate addition products in the presence of a palladium-on-carbon catalyst has been shown to afford the corresponding 3-substituted coumarins, while treatment of O-benzylated Baylis-Hillman adducts with HCl or HI afforded the corresponding 3-(halomethyl)coumarins directly, in up to 94%. The 3-(halomethyl)coumarins have also been obtained in excellent yields (up to 98%) and even more conveniently, by treating the unprotected Baylis-Hillman products with HCl in a mixture of AcOH and Ac₂O, obtained from tert-butyl acrylate and various salicylaldehydes. The generality of an established route to the synthesis of coumarins via an intramolecular Baylis-Hillman reaction, involving the use of salicylaldehyde acrylate esters in the presence of DABCO, has also been demonstrated. Reactions between the 3-(halomethyl)coumarins and various nitrogen and carbon nucleophiles have been shown to proceed with a high degree of regioselectivity at the exocyclic allylic centre to afford 3-substituted coumarin products. The electronimpact mass spectra of selected coumarin derivatives have been investigated using high-resolution and B/E linked scan data. Fragmentation pathways have been proposed and fragmentation modes associated with different coumarin-containing analogues have been compared. A series of coumarin-containing analogues of ritonavir (a clinically useful HIV-1 protease inhibitor) have been prepared and characterized. The synthetic approach has involved the coupling of coumarin derivatives with a hydroxyethylene dipeptide isostere to afford ritonavir analogues containing coumarin termini. An interactive docking procedure has been used to explore the docking of ritonavir and a coumarincontaining analogue into the enzyme active site.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Musa, Musiliyu Ayodele
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Coumarins Heterocyclic compounds -- Derivatives
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4403 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006705
- Description: The reaction of specially prepared salicylaldehyde benzyl ethers with the activated alkenes, methyl acrylate or acrylonitrile, in the presence of the catalyst, DABCO, has afforded Baylis-Hillman products, which have been subjected to conjugate addition with either piperidine or benzylamine. Hydrogenolysis of these conjugate addition products in the presence of a palladium-on-carbon catalyst has been shown to afford the corresponding 3-substituted coumarins, while treatment of O-benzylated Baylis-Hillman adducts with HCl or HI afforded the corresponding 3-(halomethyl)coumarins directly, in up to 94%. The 3-(halomethyl)coumarins have also been obtained in excellent yields (up to 98%) and even more conveniently, by treating the unprotected Baylis-Hillman products with HCl in a mixture of AcOH and Ac₂O, obtained from tert-butyl acrylate and various salicylaldehydes. The generality of an established route to the synthesis of coumarins via an intramolecular Baylis-Hillman reaction, involving the use of salicylaldehyde acrylate esters in the presence of DABCO, has also been demonstrated. Reactions between the 3-(halomethyl)coumarins and various nitrogen and carbon nucleophiles have been shown to proceed with a high degree of regioselectivity at the exocyclic allylic centre to afford 3-substituted coumarin products. The electronimpact mass spectra of selected coumarin derivatives have been investigated using high-resolution and B/E linked scan data. Fragmentation pathways have been proposed and fragmentation modes associated with different coumarin-containing analogues have been compared. A series of coumarin-containing analogues of ritonavir (a clinically useful HIV-1 protease inhibitor) have been prepared and characterized. The synthetic approach has involved the coupling of coumarin derivatives with a hydroxyethylene dipeptide isostere to afford ritonavir analogues containing coumarin termini. An interactive docking procedure has been used to explore the docking of ritonavir and a coumarincontaining analogue into the enzyme active site.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Some aspects of the ecology of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), in the Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Keetch, D P
- Date: 1969
- Subjects: Citrus -- Diseases and pests -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Plant mites -- Ecology -- South Africa Citrus red mite Citrus red mite -- Ecology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5860 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012630
- Description: The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is a relatively new pest to South African citriculture, the first recorded injury to citrus trees was from Rustenberg, Transvaal in 1950 (Smith 1953). In the U.S.A. the biology of this mite has been studied by Quayle (1938), Prendergast (1938), English and Turnipseed (1941), DeBach (1947), DeBach et al. (1950), Ebeling (1959) and Jeppson et al. (1957,1961). However, in South Africa little information is available concerning the ecolopy of the citrus red mite. The majority of the literature pertaining to P. citri in Republic, (Smith (1953), Mentz (1954), Stofberg (1959), Schwartz (1965) and Brodrick (1965) is of a descriptive nature, and mainly concerned with the chemical control of the mite. The only biological investigation on the development of P.citri, and the effect of insecticides and insect predators on its biology, under South African conditions, was made by van Rooyen (1966) at Zebediela, Transvaal. In the control of citrus pests, such as the citrus red mite, that need for a better understanding of their ecology has been well emphasised by DeBach (1951) and Griffiths (1951). DeBach (1951) in particular, stressed the danger of the continued reliance on insecticidal treatment as the only method of nest control, and has pointed out that persistent chemical applications may only serve to intensify the pest problem. He has suggested that a closer study of the environment of the pest species could provide a solution to the problems now encountered as a result of insecticidal control measures. Intro., p. 1-2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969
- Authors: Keetch, D P
- Date: 1969
- Subjects: Citrus -- Diseases and pests -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Plant mites -- Ecology -- South Africa Citrus red mite Citrus red mite -- Ecology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5860 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012630
- Description: The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is a relatively new pest to South African citriculture, the first recorded injury to citrus trees was from Rustenberg, Transvaal in 1950 (Smith 1953). In the U.S.A. the biology of this mite has been studied by Quayle (1938), Prendergast (1938), English and Turnipseed (1941), DeBach (1947), DeBach et al. (1950), Ebeling (1959) and Jeppson et al. (1957,1961). However, in South Africa little information is available concerning the ecolopy of the citrus red mite. The majority of the literature pertaining to P. citri in Republic, (Smith (1953), Mentz (1954), Stofberg (1959), Schwartz (1965) and Brodrick (1965) is of a descriptive nature, and mainly concerned with the chemical control of the mite. The only biological investigation on the development of P.citri, and the effect of insecticides and insect predators on its biology, under South African conditions, was made by van Rooyen (1966) at Zebediela, Transvaal. In the control of citrus pests, such as the citrus red mite, that need for a better understanding of their ecology has been well emphasised by DeBach (1951) and Griffiths (1951). DeBach (1951) in particular, stressed the danger of the continued reliance on insecticidal treatment as the only method of nest control, and has pointed out that persistent chemical applications may only serve to intensify the pest problem. He has suggested that a closer study of the environment of the pest species could provide a solution to the problems now encountered as a result of insecticidal control measures. Intro., p. 1-2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969
Ellipsis in the vP domain in Mandarin and Xhosa
- Authors: Ma, Xiujie
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Grammar, Comparative and general -- Ellipsis , Chinese lanaguage -- Ellipsis , Chinese lanaguage -- Grammar, Comparative -- Xhosa , Xhosa lanaguage -- Ellipsis , Xhosa lanaguage -- Grammar, Comparative -- Chinese
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/43105 , vital:25266
- Description: This thesis provides a unified analysis of ellipsis in the vP domain in two typologically different languages, Mandarin and Xhosa from a generative perspective. It starts with the V-stranding Verb Phrase Ellipsis (VPE) assumption and shows that Mandarin and Xhosa do not have V-stranding VPE. The evidence for this is that in both languages, the constituents that remain in vP obligatorily are not allowed to be deleted, whereas the ones that can/must move out of vP can be deleted. The deleted constituents display the characteristics of PF-deletion, i.e. they have an internal syntactic structure. Based on the parallel between movement and ellipsis of the vP-internal constituents, I propose the Ellipsis EPP Hypothesis to account for ellipsis in the vP domain. The Hypothesis predicts that there is an Ellipsis Phrase at the left periphery of vP. The EP bears an Ellipsis-EPP (EEPP) feature, which must be satisfied. Maximal phrases in the c-command domain of EP are all potential candidates for satisfying the EEPP feature by moving to [Spec, EP]. However, only the phrases that are allowed to move out of vP can move to [Spec, EP] as EP is located above vP. Moreover, the movement to [Spec, EP] is subject to the syntactic and semantic restrictions in structure-building in that ellipsis is one operation in the course of structure-building and the derivation will continue after ellipsis takes place. The EEPP feature renders an XP in the specifier phonetically empty and syntactically frozen; therefore, a constituent will be deleted as soon as it moves to [Spec, EP]. The Hypothesis is schematically represented below. The Ellipsis EPP Hypothesis adequately accounts for the ellipsis of various vP-internal constituents - NPs, DPs, infinitive complements and CP complements - in both Mandarin and Xhosa. At the same time, it reveals the reasons why vP is precluded from being elided in these two languages. In Mandarin vP moves to [Spec, AspPi] to check the uninterpretable [asp] feature and in Xhosa vP moves to [Spec, FocP] to realize the focus; consequently, vP may not move to [Spec, EP] for ellipsis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Ma, Xiujie
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Grammar, Comparative and general -- Ellipsis , Chinese lanaguage -- Ellipsis , Chinese lanaguage -- Grammar, Comparative -- Xhosa , Xhosa lanaguage -- Ellipsis , Xhosa lanaguage -- Grammar, Comparative -- Chinese
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/43105 , vital:25266
- Description: This thesis provides a unified analysis of ellipsis in the vP domain in two typologically different languages, Mandarin and Xhosa from a generative perspective. It starts with the V-stranding Verb Phrase Ellipsis (VPE) assumption and shows that Mandarin and Xhosa do not have V-stranding VPE. The evidence for this is that in both languages, the constituents that remain in vP obligatorily are not allowed to be deleted, whereas the ones that can/must move out of vP can be deleted. The deleted constituents display the characteristics of PF-deletion, i.e. they have an internal syntactic structure. Based on the parallel between movement and ellipsis of the vP-internal constituents, I propose the Ellipsis EPP Hypothesis to account for ellipsis in the vP domain. The Hypothesis predicts that there is an Ellipsis Phrase at the left periphery of vP. The EP bears an Ellipsis-EPP (EEPP) feature, which must be satisfied. Maximal phrases in the c-command domain of EP are all potential candidates for satisfying the EEPP feature by moving to [Spec, EP]. However, only the phrases that are allowed to move out of vP can move to [Spec, EP] as EP is located above vP. Moreover, the movement to [Spec, EP] is subject to the syntactic and semantic restrictions in structure-building in that ellipsis is one operation in the course of structure-building and the derivation will continue after ellipsis takes place. The EEPP feature renders an XP in the specifier phonetically empty and syntactically frozen; therefore, a constituent will be deleted as soon as it moves to [Spec, EP]. The Hypothesis is schematically represented below. The Ellipsis EPP Hypothesis adequately accounts for the ellipsis of various vP-internal constituents - NPs, DPs, infinitive complements and CP complements - in both Mandarin and Xhosa. At the same time, it reveals the reasons why vP is precluded from being elided in these two languages. In Mandarin vP moves to [Spec, AspPi] to check the uninterpretable [asp] feature and in Xhosa vP moves to [Spec, FocP] to realize the focus; consequently, vP may not move to [Spec, EP] for ellipsis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
A study of the nature, function and availability of orders of restitutio in integrum and specific performance as remedies in South African law
- Authors: Lambiris, Michael A
- Date: 1987
- Subjects: Restitutio in integrum (Roman law) Restitutio in integrum -- South Africa Remedies (Law) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3703 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004752
- Description: This study is of two remedies that are available in South African law: orders of restitutio in integrum, and specific performance. The study demonstrates that, by treating these remedies as legal topics in their own right, a greater understanding emerges of their inherent characteristics, the role that they play in the law, and of the particular circumstances in which these remedies are available. An order of restitutio in integrum performs an important and unique function in South African law. The fundamental realisation is that it is a remedy in terms of which the courts exercise an extraordinary and discretionary power, and nullify ab initio legal transactions, or the legal consequences of events, which were previously perfectly valid and enforceable at law. Because of the extraordinary nature of this remedy, the circumstances in which it is available are limited by the requirement that iusta causa must exist to justify nullification. Further, before the remedy is available, the person seeking relief must have suffered loss or prejudice as a result of the event complained of. Finally, a mutual restoration of benefits received by the persons involved is required. The nature and effect of orders of restitutio in integrum, and the essential elements which determine the availability of the remedy, enable it to be distinguished from, and contrasted with, other remedies in South African law. An order of specific performance is available in South African law, at the option of a plaintiff, to enforce the actual performance of contractual undertakings. The remedy is appropriate to enforce positive undertakings, as well as acts of restraint. For the remedy to be available, it is firstly necessary that a contractual obligation be proved to exist. Secondly, performance of that obligation must be due. Thirdly, the performance sought must not in fact have already been rendered. These elements determine the availability of the remedy in particular factual circumstances, such as in cases involving pre-emptive rights. The nature and characteristics of the remedy are determined by principles of South African, and not English law. The remedy is available as of right in South African law, but subject to a discretionary power of a court to refuse to order specific performance. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
- Authors: Lambiris, Michael A
- Date: 1987
- Subjects: Restitutio in integrum (Roman law) Restitutio in integrum -- South Africa Remedies (Law) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3703 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004752
- Description: This study is of two remedies that are available in South African law: orders of restitutio in integrum, and specific performance. The study demonstrates that, by treating these remedies as legal topics in their own right, a greater understanding emerges of their inherent characteristics, the role that they play in the law, and of the particular circumstances in which these remedies are available. An order of restitutio in integrum performs an important and unique function in South African law. The fundamental realisation is that it is a remedy in terms of which the courts exercise an extraordinary and discretionary power, and nullify ab initio legal transactions, or the legal consequences of events, which were previously perfectly valid and enforceable at law. Because of the extraordinary nature of this remedy, the circumstances in which it is available are limited by the requirement that iusta causa must exist to justify nullification. Further, before the remedy is available, the person seeking relief must have suffered loss or prejudice as a result of the event complained of. Finally, a mutual restoration of benefits received by the persons involved is required. The nature and effect of orders of restitutio in integrum, and the essential elements which determine the availability of the remedy, enable it to be distinguished from, and contrasted with, other remedies in South African law. An order of specific performance is available in South African law, at the option of a plaintiff, to enforce the actual performance of contractual undertakings. The remedy is appropriate to enforce positive undertakings, as well as acts of restraint. For the remedy to be available, it is firstly necessary that a contractual obligation be proved to exist. Secondly, performance of that obligation must be due. Thirdly, the performance sought must not in fact have already been rendered. These elements determine the availability of the remedy in particular factual circumstances, such as in cases involving pre-emptive rights. The nature and characteristics of the remedy are determined by principles of South African, and not English law. The remedy is available as of right in South African law, but subject to a discretionary power of a court to refuse to order specific performance. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
A critical investigation of the semantic and morphological aspects of terminological incompetence (with special reference to the English-speaking student of Physical Science and History in the Cape Education Department high school)
- Authors: Venter, Malcolm Gordon
- Date: 1984
- Subjects: English language -- Semantics English language -- Morphology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2369 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003810
- Description: From Background to the thesis: It has been said that 'educational failure is language failure'. It can be argued here that there are many other factors which could cause educational failure and that language failure does not necessarily result in lack of academic success. However, it is no doubt true that the schoolchild who does not attain a certain type of language competence will be handicapped as regards academic performance. The underlying reason for this is the fact that our educational system is heavily reliant on language - and espacially the written language - as a medium of learning as opposed to the 'direct learning' experiences advocated by certain educationists today such as Ivan Illich in America and John Holt in Britain. Language is the basis both of learning and of communicating what has been learnt. From the moment the child steps into his first period class in the morning till he leaves the last five hours later the child is involved in what is primarily a verbal experience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1984
- Authors: Venter, Malcolm Gordon
- Date: 1984
- Subjects: English language -- Semantics English language -- Morphology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2369 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003810
- Description: From Background to the thesis: It has been said that 'educational failure is language failure'. It can be argued here that there are many other factors which could cause educational failure and that language failure does not necessarily result in lack of academic success. However, it is no doubt true that the schoolchild who does not attain a certain type of language competence will be handicapped as regards academic performance. The underlying reason for this is the fact that our educational system is heavily reliant on language - and espacially the written language - as a medium of learning as opposed to the 'direct learning' experiences advocated by certain educationists today such as Ivan Illich in America and John Holt in Britain. Language is the basis both of learning and of communicating what has been learnt. From the moment the child steps into his first period class in the morning till he leaves the last five hours later the child is involved in what is primarily a verbal experience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1984
Oblique incidence investigations of the ionosphere over the Southern Ocean
- Authors: Rash, Jonathan Paul Stuart
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Ionosphere Ionosphere -- Antartctic Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5438 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001991
- Description: The region of the South Atlantic and Southern Oceans ... is of considerable interest in ionospheric and aeronomic research owing to the presence of several 'anomalies'. The most notable of these is the South Atlantic (or Brazilian) Anomaly associated with the global minimum of magnetic field intensity off the coast of Brazil (Introduction, p. 1)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Rash, Jonathan Paul Stuart
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Ionosphere Ionosphere -- Antartctic Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5438 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001991
- Description: The region of the South Atlantic and Southern Oceans ... is of considerable interest in ionospheric and aeronomic research owing to the presence of several 'anomalies'. The most notable of these is the South Atlantic (or Brazilian) Anomaly associated with the global minimum of magnetic field intensity off the coast of Brazil (Introduction, p. 1)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
Analysis of the human HSP70-HSP90 organising protein (HOP) gene - characterisation of the promoter and identification of a novel isoform
- Authors: Mattison, Stacey
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62821 , vital:28296
- Description: Expected release date-April 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mattison, Stacey
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62821 , vital:28296
- Description: Expected release date-April 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Afro-communitarianism and the nature of reconciliation
- Authors: Oelofsen, Rianna
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Ubuntu (Philosophy) Reconciliation -- South Africa Communitarianism -- Africa Philosophy, African
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2736 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006809
- Description: In this dissertation I sketch a conception of personhood as understood from within an Afrocommunitarian worldview, and argue that this understanding of personhood has implications for understanding the concept of reconciliation. Understanding ‘being human’ as a collective, communal enterprise has implications for how responsibility, justice, forgiveness and humanization (all cognate concepts of reconciliation) are conceptualized. In line with this understanding of reconciliation and its cognate concepts, I argue that the humanization of self and other (according to the Afrocommunitarian understanding of personhood) is required for addressing the ‘inferiority’ and concurrent ‘superiority’ racial complexes as diagnosed by Franz Fanon and Steve Biko. These complexes reach deeply within individual and collective psyches and political identities, and I argue that political solutions to protracted conflict (in South Africa and other racially charged contexts) which do not address these deeply entrenched pathologies will be inadequate according to an Afrocommunitarian framework.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Oelofsen, Rianna
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Ubuntu (Philosophy) Reconciliation -- South Africa Communitarianism -- Africa Philosophy, African
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2736 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006809
- Description: In this dissertation I sketch a conception of personhood as understood from within an Afrocommunitarian worldview, and argue that this understanding of personhood has implications for understanding the concept of reconciliation. Understanding ‘being human’ as a collective, communal enterprise has implications for how responsibility, justice, forgiveness and humanization (all cognate concepts of reconciliation) are conceptualized. In line with this understanding of reconciliation and its cognate concepts, I argue that the humanization of self and other (according to the Afrocommunitarian understanding of personhood) is required for addressing the ‘inferiority’ and concurrent ‘superiority’ racial complexes as diagnosed by Franz Fanon and Steve Biko. These complexes reach deeply within individual and collective psyches and political identities, and I argue that political solutions to protracted conflict (in South Africa and other racially charged contexts) which do not address these deeply entrenched pathologies will be inadequate according to an Afrocommunitarian framework.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Some problems of dialect lexicography with particular reference to the preparation of a draft of an illustrative, experientially categorised Dictionary of South African English
- Authors: Branford, Jean
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: English language -- Provincialisms -- South Africa -- Dictionaries English language -- South Africa English language -- Lexicography -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3626 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009689
- Description: This dissertation consists in essence of an experiment and a commentary upon it. The text which constitutes Part II is a lexicographical experiment incorporating some features and treatments not usual in lexicography, and Part I consists of a discussion of the problems encountered, principles applied and procedures followed. Neither the matter nor the manner of the experiment, however, lends itself in the present state of our knowledge to the fully impersonal objectivity that is often claimed for the experiments in the physical sciences. At the same time every effort has been made to establish an unbiased record of the data and to maintain a certain methodological consistency. The main experimental feature of Part II is that it is an attempt to combine an orthodox, alphabetical dictionary with an experiential categorisation of the vocabulary, without repeating the entire data for each type of treatment. This has been done by means of a series of numbered, classified word-lists with a limited subject index as a guide to their use. The entries themselves, instead of being repeated in the order of their classification, are numbered according to the category or categories to which the word defined belongs. It can then, by means of its number(s), be found in its own lexical or experiential set (or sets) in the categorised section. This part of the work might be better described as lexicology rather than lexicography but does, I think, prove itself to be a useful adjunct to the A - Z lexicon proper. Apart from the detailed categorisation system the text contains three features not normally included in dictionaries of small compass: illustrative quotations, etymologies and a number of tentative parallels between South African and other varieties of English by means of cross-references to items of similar or related meaning or form in the English of Australia, Canada, the U.S.A., Hong Kong, Anglo-India and other 'overseas' English speech communities. Introduction, p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1976
- Authors: Branford, Jean
- Date: 1976
- Subjects: English language -- Provincialisms -- South Africa -- Dictionaries English language -- South Africa English language -- Lexicography -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3626 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009689
- Description: This dissertation consists in essence of an experiment and a commentary upon it. The text which constitutes Part II is a lexicographical experiment incorporating some features and treatments not usual in lexicography, and Part I consists of a discussion of the problems encountered, principles applied and procedures followed. Neither the matter nor the manner of the experiment, however, lends itself in the present state of our knowledge to the fully impersonal objectivity that is often claimed for the experiments in the physical sciences. At the same time every effort has been made to establish an unbiased record of the data and to maintain a certain methodological consistency. The main experimental feature of Part II is that it is an attempt to combine an orthodox, alphabetical dictionary with an experiential categorisation of the vocabulary, without repeating the entire data for each type of treatment. This has been done by means of a series of numbered, classified word-lists with a limited subject index as a guide to their use. The entries themselves, instead of being repeated in the order of their classification, are numbered according to the category or categories to which the word defined belongs. It can then, by means of its number(s), be found in its own lexical or experiential set (or sets) in the categorised section. This part of the work might be better described as lexicology rather than lexicography but does, I think, prove itself to be a useful adjunct to the A - Z lexicon proper. Apart from the detailed categorisation system the text contains three features not normally included in dictionaries of small compass: illustrative quotations, etymologies and a number of tentative parallels between South African and other varieties of English by means of cross-references to items of similar or related meaning or form in the English of Australia, Canada, the U.S.A., Hong Kong, Anglo-India and other 'overseas' English speech communities. Introduction, p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1976
Apparent digestibility coefficients of feed ingredients and essential amino acid requirements of dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicus)
- Authors: Adesola, Abidemi Adejoke
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Amino acids in animal nutrition , Fishes -- Feeding and feeds , Argyrosomus japonicus , Argyrosomus , Argyrosomus japonicus -- Nutrition , Argyrosomus -- Nutrition , Argyrosomus japonicus -- Feeding and feeds , Argyrosomus -- Feeding and feeds
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/32140 , vital:24014
- Description: Important to the evaluation of potential feed ingredients for inclusion in fish diets should be their digestibility and amino acid requirement so that feeds can be formulated on a digestible basis rather than a gross nutrient basis. This thesis established techniques for faecal collection, the validity of digestibility markers, it determined apparent digestibility coefficients for various novel feed ingredients, and it established the optimal lysine requirement for Argyrosomus japonicus, which was used to estimate each of the essential amino acid requirements by using the ideal protein concept. There were no significant differences in dry matter apparent digestibility coefficients when faeces were collected by stripping (77.0 %), dissection (80.1 %) or settlement (83.5 %). Faecal collection by the settlement method produced the most reliable digestibility data. Apparent digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and energy calculated using acid-insoluble ash were higher (84.0 %, 93.2 % and 93.0 %, respectively) than those using chromic oxide (55.7 %, 79.1 % and 78.2 %) and titanium dioxide (58.6 %, 79.7 % and 80.5 %). The magnitude of variation in digestibility coefficients obtained using acid-insoluble ash was always lower than that obtained with the other markers. Therefore, acid-insoluble ash was preferred as a dietary marker. Using the above protocol, protein and amino acid digestibility of some animal and plant protein ingredients were evaluated in a series of experiments. The first trial compared the apparent digestibility coefficients of some animal products included as single protein source in the test diets. Apparent protein digestibility values were 84.5 %, 83.8 %, 85.8 % and 83.1 % for fishmeal-prime, fishmeal-standard, poultry meal and pork meal, respectively. Apparent digestibility coefficients for poultry meal were comparable to those of fishmeal, which indicate its potential as a substitute for fishmeal in the diets of A. japonicus. The second trial determined the apparent coefficients of plant and animal protein sources included at 30 % into a practical reference diet (70 %). Apparent protein digestibility ranged from 92.4 % in sunflower meal to 85.5 % in corn gluten meal. Soybean meal is a promising feed ingredient in A. japonicus due to the high apparent digestibility of its protein (92.0 %) and essential amino acid digestibility (mean average 91.4 %). A fundamental assumption in fish feed formulation is that the digestibility of nutrients is additive, i.e., digestibility of a nutrient in one ingredient does not interact with the digestibility of the same nutrient in another ingredient. In the third trial, additivity of feed ingredients was tested using pork meal and poultry meal. The results indicate that the apparent digestibility coefficient of animal protein ingredients could be calculated from compound diets to accurately determine protein and amino acid digestibility in A. japonicus, and possibly other carnivorous fish species. Dietary essential amino acid requirements were determined for juvenile A. japonicus in two trials. A dose-response study was conducted using crystalline lysine to determine the optimal requirement of dietary lysine for A. japonicus. Optimal dietary lysine was estimated at 31.7 g kg-¹ dry diet, corresponding to 73.5 g kg-¹ of dietary protein, based on specific growth rate and broken-line segmented regression analyses. Dietary requirements for other essential amino acids ranged from 22 g kg-¹ (histidine) to 71 g kg-¹ (leucine) crude protein. The results of the present study provided a research tool that could be used to assess and verify the conclusions of earlier dietary work on A. japonicus and in further studies to develop least cost diet formulations for this species. The study also adds to the knowledge of the nutritional requirements of A. japonicus by providing information on the digestibility of plants and animal protein ingredients. It also contributes to future dietary research for this species because this study determines, for the first time, the most suitable methods for investigating the digestibility of raw materials for A. japonicus.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Adesola, Abidemi Adejoke
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Amino acids in animal nutrition , Fishes -- Feeding and feeds , Argyrosomus japonicus , Argyrosomus , Argyrosomus japonicus -- Nutrition , Argyrosomus -- Nutrition , Argyrosomus japonicus -- Feeding and feeds , Argyrosomus -- Feeding and feeds
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/32140 , vital:24014
- Description: Important to the evaluation of potential feed ingredients for inclusion in fish diets should be their digestibility and amino acid requirement so that feeds can be formulated on a digestible basis rather than a gross nutrient basis. This thesis established techniques for faecal collection, the validity of digestibility markers, it determined apparent digestibility coefficients for various novel feed ingredients, and it established the optimal lysine requirement for Argyrosomus japonicus, which was used to estimate each of the essential amino acid requirements by using the ideal protein concept. There were no significant differences in dry matter apparent digestibility coefficients when faeces were collected by stripping (77.0 %), dissection (80.1 %) or settlement (83.5 %). Faecal collection by the settlement method produced the most reliable digestibility data. Apparent digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and energy calculated using acid-insoluble ash were higher (84.0 %, 93.2 % and 93.0 %, respectively) than those using chromic oxide (55.7 %, 79.1 % and 78.2 %) and titanium dioxide (58.6 %, 79.7 % and 80.5 %). The magnitude of variation in digestibility coefficients obtained using acid-insoluble ash was always lower than that obtained with the other markers. Therefore, acid-insoluble ash was preferred as a dietary marker. Using the above protocol, protein and amino acid digestibility of some animal and plant protein ingredients were evaluated in a series of experiments. The first trial compared the apparent digestibility coefficients of some animal products included as single protein source in the test diets. Apparent protein digestibility values were 84.5 %, 83.8 %, 85.8 % and 83.1 % for fishmeal-prime, fishmeal-standard, poultry meal and pork meal, respectively. Apparent digestibility coefficients for poultry meal were comparable to those of fishmeal, which indicate its potential as a substitute for fishmeal in the diets of A. japonicus. The second trial determined the apparent coefficients of plant and animal protein sources included at 30 % into a practical reference diet (70 %). Apparent protein digestibility ranged from 92.4 % in sunflower meal to 85.5 % in corn gluten meal. Soybean meal is a promising feed ingredient in A. japonicus due to the high apparent digestibility of its protein (92.0 %) and essential amino acid digestibility (mean average 91.4 %). A fundamental assumption in fish feed formulation is that the digestibility of nutrients is additive, i.e., digestibility of a nutrient in one ingredient does not interact with the digestibility of the same nutrient in another ingredient. In the third trial, additivity of feed ingredients was tested using pork meal and poultry meal. The results indicate that the apparent digestibility coefficient of animal protein ingredients could be calculated from compound diets to accurately determine protein and amino acid digestibility in A. japonicus, and possibly other carnivorous fish species. Dietary essential amino acid requirements were determined for juvenile A. japonicus in two trials. A dose-response study was conducted using crystalline lysine to determine the optimal requirement of dietary lysine for A. japonicus. Optimal dietary lysine was estimated at 31.7 g kg-¹ dry diet, corresponding to 73.5 g kg-¹ of dietary protein, based on specific growth rate and broken-line segmented regression analyses. Dietary requirements for other essential amino acids ranged from 22 g kg-¹ (histidine) to 71 g kg-¹ (leucine) crude protein. The results of the present study provided a research tool that could be used to assess and verify the conclusions of earlier dietary work on A. japonicus and in further studies to develop least cost diet formulations for this species. The study also adds to the knowledge of the nutritional requirements of A. japonicus by providing information on the digestibility of plants and animal protein ingredients. It also contributes to future dietary research for this species because this study determines, for the first time, the most suitable methods for investigating the digestibility of raw materials for A. japonicus.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Shifting identities: An exploration of the possibilities for a syncretic Afrikaans theatre by means of three case studies – Hex (2003), Lady Anne (2007), Ekspedisies (2008)
- Authors: Gehring, Heike
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2165 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021269
- Description: This thesis investigates the possibilities for syncretic Afrikaans language theatre within a post-1994 South African society. The research sets out to explore in what manner theatre can be language-specific, while at the same time being able to cross language contexts. This exploration is driven by the wish to develop strategies for creating Afrikaans theatre that is able to reflect on a society “united in diversity”. In this regard it is argued that for theatre to be able to both retain and cross language barriers, processes of bonding and bridging are necessary. The thesis sets out first to explain why these processes are required and then to suggest ways in which such processes can be implemented in practice. A triangular approach is used, in which conceptual and theoretical frameworks are developed to reflect on actual theatre practices. Three of my own productions are used as case studies, namely Hex (2000; 2003), Lady Anne (2007) and Ekspedisies (2008). These productions can be understood to be “boundary objects” in Henk Borgdorff’s (2012: 177) sense of the word, in that they fulfil a dual function: they are artistic productions that can also be reconstituted to serve a research purpose beyond the productions themselves. All three works were first created for public consumption before becoming cases for this thesis. Many of the strategies that were developed and tested in creating these productions are examples of ways in which bonding and bridging in Afrikaans language theatre can be understood. Chapter One of the thesis contextualises the political currents and events that necessitated the impulse towards “bonding and bridging”. In this case the political and ethical impetus behind the practical explorations has been related predominantly to the democratisation of South African society, in which a paradigm shift happened from viewing the Afrikaans language as one over many to one amongst many. Within a multilingual South Africa, concerns are raised about ways in which to create theatre in South African languages other than English (often understood to be the only possible bridging language) that are able to cross language divides. Following this introduction to language-related concerns, Chapter Two explains how the shift from apartheid to democracy made space for shifts in identity – on personal as well as institutional levels: a progression from essentialised notions of culture to the celebration of plurality. This progression is then related to theatre, with an explanation of how the post-1994 theatre landscape demanded a reimagining of the form and function of theatre. In this re-imagination the notion of a “third space” is important; something that is introduced in this chapter as an alternative to polarised identity constructions. The function of the “third space” as an in-between space and a meeting point for diverse people and entities is a strong underlying theme of this thesis and it serves as a reoccurring touchstone to the ideas put forward. Chapter Three discusses the South African arts festival culture and its contribution to the South African theatre landscape. Particular focus is placed on the Klein Karoo National Arts festival (KKNK) as a platform for the development of the Afrikaans language within a post-1994 context. What is emphasized in particular is the attempt by the KKNK festival to be linguistically and culturally exploratory and inclusive in the face of language protectionism. After the contextual background of the first three chapters, the thesis shifts to an analysis of theories related to “hybridity” and “syncretism”. In Chapter Four the argument is put forward that of the various inclusive performance and theatre models that represent a multicultural society, the most responsive forms are those that are syncretic and hybrid. Principles that can contribute to the unification and merging of diverse and polarized societal groups are described, and suggestions are made for possible ways to bring about bonding and bridging within cultural practices. Having introduced these principles, examples are offered of how these theories might be understood in other disciplines, namely, religious studies, anthropology, history and a range of cultural practices. Following this broad discussion, Chapter Five describes syncretism and hybridity more specifically in theatre by means of relevant examples. Taking the discussion further into the realm of application, Chapter Six offers an overview of “workshop theatre”, “translation” and “collage making” as strategies for putting theories of hybridity and syncretism into practice. This is followed (in Chapters Seven, Eight and Nine) by a discussion of the three productions (Hex, Lady Anne and Ekspedisies) as case studies that demonstrate how these theories can be understood in practice. Practical strategies for bridging language divides are foregrounded, such as code switching as an approach for enabling a “co-habitation” of languages; physical theatre as a means for crossing language divides; and the creation of more than one language version of a production as a tactic to accommodate shifting contexts. Following on from the discoveries made in the foregoing chapters, I conclude that theories and practices related to notions of “third space”, “hybridity” and “syncretism” are ideal for creating theatre forms (in the Afrikaans language in particular) that can truly reflect a South African society which is “united in diversity”. The thesis ends by offering suggestions for ways in which new, future identities, can be developed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Gehring, Heike
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2165 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021269
- Description: This thesis investigates the possibilities for syncretic Afrikaans language theatre within a post-1994 South African society. The research sets out to explore in what manner theatre can be language-specific, while at the same time being able to cross language contexts. This exploration is driven by the wish to develop strategies for creating Afrikaans theatre that is able to reflect on a society “united in diversity”. In this regard it is argued that for theatre to be able to both retain and cross language barriers, processes of bonding and bridging are necessary. The thesis sets out first to explain why these processes are required and then to suggest ways in which such processes can be implemented in practice. A triangular approach is used, in which conceptual and theoretical frameworks are developed to reflect on actual theatre practices. Three of my own productions are used as case studies, namely Hex (2000; 2003), Lady Anne (2007) and Ekspedisies (2008). These productions can be understood to be “boundary objects” in Henk Borgdorff’s (2012: 177) sense of the word, in that they fulfil a dual function: they are artistic productions that can also be reconstituted to serve a research purpose beyond the productions themselves. All three works were first created for public consumption before becoming cases for this thesis. Many of the strategies that were developed and tested in creating these productions are examples of ways in which bonding and bridging in Afrikaans language theatre can be understood. Chapter One of the thesis contextualises the political currents and events that necessitated the impulse towards “bonding and bridging”. In this case the political and ethical impetus behind the practical explorations has been related predominantly to the democratisation of South African society, in which a paradigm shift happened from viewing the Afrikaans language as one over many to one amongst many. Within a multilingual South Africa, concerns are raised about ways in which to create theatre in South African languages other than English (often understood to be the only possible bridging language) that are able to cross language divides. Following this introduction to language-related concerns, Chapter Two explains how the shift from apartheid to democracy made space for shifts in identity – on personal as well as institutional levels: a progression from essentialised notions of culture to the celebration of plurality. This progression is then related to theatre, with an explanation of how the post-1994 theatre landscape demanded a reimagining of the form and function of theatre. In this re-imagination the notion of a “third space” is important; something that is introduced in this chapter as an alternative to polarised identity constructions. The function of the “third space” as an in-between space and a meeting point for diverse people and entities is a strong underlying theme of this thesis and it serves as a reoccurring touchstone to the ideas put forward. Chapter Three discusses the South African arts festival culture and its contribution to the South African theatre landscape. Particular focus is placed on the Klein Karoo National Arts festival (KKNK) as a platform for the development of the Afrikaans language within a post-1994 context. What is emphasized in particular is the attempt by the KKNK festival to be linguistically and culturally exploratory and inclusive in the face of language protectionism. After the contextual background of the first three chapters, the thesis shifts to an analysis of theories related to “hybridity” and “syncretism”. In Chapter Four the argument is put forward that of the various inclusive performance and theatre models that represent a multicultural society, the most responsive forms are those that are syncretic and hybrid. Principles that can contribute to the unification and merging of diverse and polarized societal groups are described, and suggestions are made for possible ways to bring about bonding and bridging within cultural practices. Having introduced these principles, examples are offered of how these theories might be understood in other disciplines, namely, religious studies, anthropology, history and a range of cultural practices. Following this broad discussion, Chapter Five describes syncretism and hybridity more specifically in theatre by means of relevant examples. Taking the discussion further into the realm of application, Chapter Six offers an overview of “workshop theatre”, “translation” and “collage making” as strategies for putting theories of hybridity and syncretism into practice. This is followed (in Chapters Seven, Eight and Nine) by a discussion of the three productions (Hex, Lady Anne and Ekspedisies) as case studies that demonstrate how these theories can be understood in practice. Practical strategies for bridging language divides are foregrounded, such as code switching as an approach for enabling a “co-habitation” of languages; physical theatre as a means for crossing language divides; and the creation of more than one language version of a production as a tactic to accommodate shifting contexts. Following on from the discoveries made in the foregoing chapters, I conclude that theories and practices related to notions of “third space”, “hybridity” and “syncretism” are ideal for creating theatre forms (in the Afrikaans language in particular) that can truly reflect a South African society which is “united in diversity”. The thesis ends by offering suggestions for ways in which new, future identities, can be developed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Effects of marine reserves on the biology of rocky intertidal limpets along the southern coast of South Africa
- Nakin, Motebang Dominic Vincent
- Authors: Nakin, Motebang Dominic Vincent
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Limpets Marine parks and reserves -- South Africa Marine biology -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5680 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005365
- Description: Limpets are harvested by people in South Africa, but are selected in terms of species and size. The effects of marine reserves on the biology of commonly exploited (Helcion concolor and Scutellastra longicosta) and rarely exploited species (Cellana capensis and Scutellastra granularis) were investigated on the southeast coast of South Africa at two reserve and two non-reserve sites. For each species, a 4-way nested ANOVA was used to test the effects of month, reserve, site (nested within reserve) and area (nested within site and reserve) on population density, size structure and recruitment of these limpets. The data were collected monthly over 20 months. The overall results indicated a gradient of exploitation among species, S. longicosta was the most heavily exploited species and S. granularis the least exploited species. However, there was also a gradient of exploitation between reserves and non-reserves. Xhora was the most heavily exploited site while Nqabara was less heavily exploited. Of the two reserve sites, Cwebe had more poachers than Dwesa. In most analyses, the month x area (reserve (site)) interaction was significant. However, this was largely an artifact due to comparisons of areas in different sites and significant differences between areas within sites occurred in relatively few months. Densities were greater inside reserves for all species except C. capensis. For S. longicosta and H. concolor this was expected but not for S. granularis and the result possibly reflects its opportunistic exploitation in the absence of the preferred species or indirect effects of reserves. Commonly exploited species and the rarely exploited C. capensis clearly showed greater mean and maximum sizes in reserves but there were month/site (reserve) interactions. Months with significant differences between reserves and nonreserves in both mean and maximum sizes generally occurred more often for commonly exploited than rarely exploited species, but C. capensis showed the strongest reserve effect on maximum size. Interview surveys showed that, although not normally exploited, C. capensis is sometimes mistaken for H. concolor and this suggests that large individuals are unintentionally harvested outside reserves. There were no significant reserve effects on recruitment for any species. Although Xhora had the lowest densities and limpet sizes, it showed the highest recruitment especially for S. longicosta, suggesting that larvae can be transported far from where they are released and settle in non-reserve sites regardless of adult densities. Reserve as a main factor was not significant for the rarely exploited species, but there was a significant month x reserve interaction, with non-reserves having greater GSI values than reserves in most months. Growth rates were examined using individual tagging and cohort analysis. The two techniques gave different results, with individual tagging giving higher growth estimates than cohort analysis. Except for the territorial species S. longicosta, growth was higher in non-reserves and inversely correlated with population density. Mortality estimates using the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model indicated that the rarely exploited species had significantly greater capture probabilities in reserves while no significant reserve effects were observed for the commonly exploited species. Reserve effects on survival probability were significant only for S. longicosta, with reserves being greater than nonreserves and no significant effects for any other species. Enhanced survival in reserves was attributed to the effects of human exploitation. In theory, marine protected areas show increases in densities, sizes and reproductive output of exploited species, but the present results revealed that the efficacy of reserves depends on the status of the species, not only whether it is exploited or non-exploited, but also whether it is territorial.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Nakin, Motebang Dominic Vincent
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Limpets Marine parks and reserves -- South Africa Marine biology -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5680 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005365
- Description: Limpets are harvested by people in South Africa, but are selected in terms of species and size. The effects of marine reserves on the biology of commonly exploited (Helcion concolor and Scutellastra longicosta) and rarely exploited species (Cellana capensis and Scutellastra granularis) were investigated on the southeast coast of South Africa at two reserve and two non-reserve sites. For each species, a 4-way nested ANOVA was used to test the effects of month, reserve, site (nested within reserve) and area (nested within site and reserve) on population density, size structure and recruitment of these limpets. The data were collected monthly over 20 months. The overall results indicated a gradient of exploitation among species, S. longicosta was the most heavily exploited species and S. granularis the least exploited species. However, there was also a gradient of exploitation between reserves and non-reserves. Xhora was the most heavily exploited site while Nqabara was less heavily exploited. Of the two reserve sites, Cwebe had more poachers than Dwesa. In most analyses, the month x area (reserve (site)) interaction was significant. However, this was largely an artifact due to comparisons of areas in different sites and significant differences between areas within sites occurred in relatively few months. Densities were greater inside reserves for all species except C. capensis. For S. longicosta and H. concolor this was expected but not for S. granularis and the result possibly reflects its opportunistic exploitation in the absence of the preferred species or indirect effects of reserves. Commonly exploited species and the rarely exploited C. capensis clearly showed greater mean and maximum sizes in reserves but there were month/site (reserve) interactions. Months with significant differences between reserves and nonreserves in both mean and maximum sizes generally occurred more often for commonly exploited than rarely exploited species, but C. capensis showed the strongest reserve effect on maximum size. Interview surveys showed that, although not normally exploited, C. capensis is sometimes mistaken for H. concolor and this suggests that large individuals are unintentionally harvested outside reserves. There were no significant reserve effects on recruitment for any species. Although Xhora had the lowest densities and limpet sizes, it showed the highest recruitment especially for S. longicosta, suggesting that larvae can be transported far from where they are released and settle in non-reserve sites regardless of adult densities. Reserve as a main factor was not significant for the rarely exploited species, but there was a significant month x reserve interaction, with non-reserves having greater GSI values than reserves in most months. Growth rates were examined using individual tagging and cohort analysis. The two techniques gave different results, with individual tagging giving higher growth estimates than cohort analysis. Except for the territorial species S. longicosta, growth was higher in non-reserves and inversely correlated with population density. Mortality estimates using the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model indicated that the rarely exploited species had significantly greater capture probabilities in reserves while no significant reserve effects were observed for the commonly exploited species. Reserve effects on survival probability were significant only for S. longicosta, with reserves being greater than nonreserves and no significant effects for any other species. Enhanced survival in reserves was attributed to the effects of human exploitation. In theory, marine protected areas show increases in densities, sizes and reproductive output of exploited species, but the present results revealed that the efficacy of reserves depends on the status of the species, not only whether it is exploited or non-exploited, but also whether it is territorial.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009