Promoting learners' conceptual understanding of electrostatics through use of practical activities in conjunction with prior knowledge of lightning : a case study
- Authors: Maselwa, Matole Reuben
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Electrostatics -- Study and teaching -- Case studies Science -- Study and teaching -- Case studies Lightning -- Study and teaching -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1717 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003600
- Description: The research presented in this thesis is situated within an interpretivist paradigm. Within this paradigm, a qualitative case-study research approach was adopted. This seemed most appropriate in my research project since the main focus is on elicitation of prior knowledge and incorporation of such knowledge into 'hands-on' and 'minds-on' practical activities with a view to improving conceptual development. For the purposes of this research project, I designed an interactive teaching and learning unit in electrostatics as an attempt to put into practice a learner-centred approach. This approach, in my view, is in line with the new curriculum in South Africa. The emerging central theme of this thesis is the notion of active participation by learners during teaching and learning. This study was carried out over a period of two years and involved my grade 9 learners, who participated voluntarily. The research process documented in this thesis has been conceptualised into two phases. Phase one was concerned with the elicitation of learners' prior knowledge around lightning. In phase two, learners were engaged in 'hands-on' and 'minds-on' practical activities, and key concepts were identified to ensure conceptual development. The data was collected using a variety of data collection tools, namely: focus group interviews, follow-up whole-class semi-structured interviews, worksheets, videotaped lessons and photographs. The analysis of data revealed that learners come to class with prior knowledge concerning lightning. Within this prior knowledge it was found that there were both ‘scientific’ and ‘non-scientific’ concepts. The identification of key concepts during practical activities was found to be very useful in promoting learning. However, the incorporation of prior knowledge into practical activities posed a challenge and needs further research. iv This research study also highlights some insights into some of the complexities of elicitation and incorporation of learners' prior knowledge, and conceptual development in science classrooms. It also demonstrates the challenges and possibilities during teaching and learning as well as the realities of the demands of the new curriculum and OBE in South Africa, in particular, in historically disadvantaged schools
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Maselwa, Matole Reuben
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Electrostatics -- Study and teaching -- Case studies Science -- Study and teaching -- Case studies Lightning -- Study and teaching -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1717 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003600
- Description: The research presented in this thesis is situated within an interpretivist paradigm. Within this paradigm, a qualitative case-study research approach was adopted. This seemed most appropriate in my research project since the main focus is on elicitation of prior knowledge and incorporation of such knowledge into 'hands-on' and 'minds-on' practical activities with a view to improving conceptual development. For the purposes of this research project, I designed an interactive teaching and learning unit in electrostatics as an attempt to put into practice a learner-centred approach. This approach, in my view, is in line with the new curriculum in South Africa. The emerging central theme of this thesis is the notion of active participation by learners during teaching and learning. This study was carried out over a period of two years and involved my grade 9 learners, who participated voluntarily. The research process documented in this thesis has been conceptualised into two phases. Phase one was concerned with the elicitation of learners' prior knowledge around lightning. In phase two, learners were engaged in 'hands-on' and 'minds-on' practical activities, and key concepts were identified to ensure conceptual development. The data was collected using a variety of data collection tools, namely: focus group interviews, follow-up whole-class semi-structured interviews, worksheets, videotaped lessons and photographs. The analysis of data revealed that learners come to class with prior knowledge concerning lightning. Within this prior knowledge it was found that there were both ‘scientific’ and ‘non-scientific’ concepts. The identification of key concepts during practical activities was found to be very useful in promoting learning. However, the incorporation of prior knowledge into practical activities posed a challenge and needs further research. iv This research study also highlights some insights into some of the complexities of elicitation and incorporation of learners' prior knowledge, and conceptual development in science classrooms. It also demonstrates the challenges and possibilities during teaching and learning as well as the realities of the demands of the new curriculum and OBE in South Africa, in particular, in historically disadvantaged schools
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
A statistical evaluation and analysis of mosquito repellent combination
- Authors: Asquith, Ilse Bernadette
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Mosquitoes -- Control , Insect baits and repellents
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10422 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015732
- Description: The present product development project was aimed at studying the synergism and/or antagonism amongst various known insect repellent actives with the view to formulating a multi-active repellent product with improved properties when compared to current single-active commercial products. Advanced statistical methods were used to identify synergism between individual active substances and to define a formulation as close as possible to the “ideal” formulation. Several mosquito repellent samples were prepared and sent to the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) in Pretoria to test for their efficiency in repelling mosquitoes. From the results of the repellency tests of the various active combinations, three actives were identified that showed promising signs of synergism. These actives were then studied in further detail to determine their optimum combination. In addition, it was shown that when using a natural flavourant as promoter and incorporating a slow-release agent into formulations for aerosols and lotions, a product is obtained that gives comparable levels of efficiency to current commercial products, but at much reduced levels of active loading. Accelerated stability tests performed on the final combination of the three actives used in the final formulation showed no adverse reactions over a three-week study. These tests shall be repeated once the final application form (lotion, aerosol, etc) and product packing have been decided.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Asquith, Ilse Bernadette
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Mosquitoes -- Control , Insect baits and repellents
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10422 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015732
- Description: The present product development project was aimed at studying the synergism and/or antagonism amongst various known insect repellent actives with the view to formulating a multi-active repellent product with improved properties when compared to current single-active commercial products. Advanced statistical methods were used to identify synergism between individual active substances and to define a formulation as close as possible to the “ideal” formulation. Several mosquito repellent samples were prepared and sent to the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) in Pretoria to test for their efficiency in repelling mosquitoes. From the results of the repellency tests of the various active combinations, three actives were identified that showed promising signs of synergism. These actives were then studied in further detail to determine their optimum combination. In addition, it was shown that when using a natural flavourant as promoter and incorporating a slow-release agent into formulations for aerosols and lotions, a product is obtained that gives comparable levels of efficiency to current commercial products, but at much reduced levels of active loading. Accelerated stability tests performed on the final combination of the three actives used in the final formulation showed no adverse reactions over a three-week study. These tests shall be repeated once the final application form (lotion, aerosol, etc) and product packing have been decided.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
The new media maelstrom:
- Authors: Berger, Guy
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159192 , vital:40276 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146201
- Description: South Africa's democracy decade coincided with the popularisation of the Internet on a global scale. New society, new media, it seemed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Berger, Guy
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159192 , vital:40276 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146201
- Description: South Africa's democracy decade coincided with the popularisation of the Internet on a global scale. New society, new media, it seemed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Market profiles and trade in medicinal plants in the Lowveld, South Africa
- Botha, Jenny, Witkowski, Ed T F, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Botha, Jenny , Witkowski, Ed T F , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Kruger National Park
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6625 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006817
- Description: Rising demand for medicinal plants has led to increased pressure on wild plant populations. This, combined with shrinking habitats, means that many species in South Africa are now facing local extinction. In 1997, a study was initiated to determine the extent of trade in medicinal plants in the South African Lowveld (the low lying plains to the east of the Drakensberg escarpment), and to investigate socio-economic factors influencing trade and resource management. Trade was not as extensive in the Lowveld as in major urban markets such as Durban or the Witwatersrand (Johannesburg and surrounding towns), either in terms of the quantity, number or range of species sold, or the numbers of people relying on the trade for an income. In markets assessed in Mpumalanga Province, 176 species were identified (71% of the vernacular names encountered in the market place), representing 69 plant families. In Limpopo, 70 different species were identified (84% of the vernacular names encountered in the market place), representing 40 families. Imports were significant in Mpumalanga (33% of the plants on offer), mainly from Mozambique. A detrended correspondence analysis showed substantial differences between species traded in Mpumalanga and those sold in Limpopo. There was little variation in the species stocked by vendors in Mpumalanga, regardless of the season, the attributes of the seller, or whether business was carried out in urban or rural areas. In contrast, there was considerable variation in the stock inventories of the Limpopo traders. Despite the lower levels of local trade, increased harvesting pressure is being experienced regionally, to meet demand in metropolitan centres such as the Witwatersrand. This study showed considerable local variation and complexities in the harvesting and marketing of medicinal plants, with both a national and an international dimension. This dual spatial scale presents both opportunities and challenges in the management of these plants, which need to be addressed simultaneously, particularly with respect to research requirements and development of predictive models and capacity. Cooperation in conservation strategies and policies is required at regional, national and international levels, while ensuring that management initiatives take into account local market conditions and the socio-economic realities facing both consumers and those who depend on the trade for their livelihoods.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Botha, Jenny , Witkowski, Ed T F , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Kruger National Park
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6625 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006817
- Description: Rising demand for medicinal plants has led to increased pressure on wild plant populations. This, combined with shrinking habitats, means that many species in South Africa are now facing local extinction. In 1997, a study was initiated to determine the extent of trade in medicinal plants in the South African Lowveld (the low lying plains to the east of the Drakensberg escarpment), and to investigate socio-economic factors influencing trade and resource management. Trade was not as extensive in the Lowveld as in major urban markets such as Durban or the Witwatersrand (Johannesburg and surrounding towns), either in terms of the quantity, number or range of species sold, or the numbers of people relying on the trade for an income. In markets assessed in Mpumalanga Province, 176 species were identified (71% of the vernacular names encountered in the market place), representing 69 plant families. In Limpopo, 70 different species were identified (84% of the vernacular names encountered in the market place), representing 40 families. Imports were significant in Mpumalanga (33% of the plants on offer), mainly from Mozambique. A detrended correspondence analysis showed substantial differences between species traded in Mpumalanga and those sold in Limpopo. There was little variation in the species stocked by vendors in Mpumalanga, regardless of the season, the attributes of the seller, or whether business was carried out in urban or rural areas. In contrast, there was considerable variation in the stock inventories of the Limpopo traders. Despite the lower levels of local trade, increased harvesting pressure is being experienced regionally, to meet demand in metropolitan centres such as the Witwatersrand. This study showed considerable local variation and complexities in the harvesting and marketing of medicinal plants, with both a national and an international dimension. This dual spatial scale presents both opportunities and challenges in the management of these plants, which need to be addressed simultaneously, particularly with respect to research requirements and development of predictive models and capacity. Cooperation in conservation strategies and policies is required at regional, national and international levels, while ensuring that management initiatives take into account local market conditions and the socio-economic realities facing both consumers and those who depend on the trade for their livelihoods.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Revision of the Indo-Pacific dottyback fish subfamily Pseudochrominae (Perciformes:Pseudochromidae)
- Authors: Gill, Anthony C
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Fishes -- Indo-Pacific Region -- Classification , Pseudochromidae
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/137669 , vital:37548
- Description: The 100 nominal species in the pseudochromid subfamily Pseudochrominae are referred to 70 valid species, and an additional ten species are described as new. These species are assigned to ten genera: Assiculoides Gill & Hutchins, 1997, Assiculus Richardson, 1846, Cypho Myers, 1940, Labracinns Schlegel, 1858, Ogilbyina Fowler, 1931, Pseudochromis Riippell, 1835, and four new genera, Manonichthvs, Oxvcercichthys, Pholidochromis and Pictichromis. In previous recent studies only two genera, Labracinns and Pseudochromis , had been generally recognised; species assigned to the remaining genera had been previously placed in Pseudochromis. Species included in the subfamily are: Assiculoides desmonotus Gill & Hutchins, 1997 (Western Australia); Assiculus punctatus Richardson, 1846 (northwestern Australia); Cypho purpurascens (De Vis, 1884) (southwest Pacific); C. zaps sp. nov. (Indonesia to Ryukyu Ids); Labracinns atrofasciatus (Herre, 1933) (Culion, Philippines); L. cyclophthalmus (Muller & Troschel, 1849) (Japan to northwestern Australia, Papua New Guinea); L. lineatus (Castelnau, 1875) (Western Australia); Manonichthvs a/leni sp. nov. (Sabah, Borneo); M. paranox (Lubbock & Goldman, 1976) (Solomon Ids, Papua New Guinea, Great Barrier Reef); M. polynemus (Fowler, 1931) (northeastern Indonesia, Belau); M. splendens (Fowler, 1931) (southeastern Indonesia); M. winterbottomi sp nov. (Cebu, Philippines); Ogilbyina novaehollandiae (Steindachner, 1880) (southern Great Barrier Reef and Queensland); O. queenslandiae (Saville-Kent, 1893) (Queensland, Great Barrier Reef); O. salvati (Plessis & Fourmanoir, 1966) (New Caledonia); Oxvcercichthys veliferus (Lubbock, 1980) (Great Barrier Reef, western Coral Sea); Pholidochromis marginata (Lubbock, 1980) (northeastern Indonesia to Bougainville); Pictichromis aurifrons (Lubbock, 1980) (New Guinea); P. coralensis sp. nov. (Great Barrier Reef to New Caledonia); P. diadema (Lubbock & Randall, 1978) (Malaysia to Philippines and northern Borneo); P. ephippiata (Gill, Pyle & Earle, 1996) (northern Sulawesi, southeastern Papua New Guinea); P. paccagnellae (Axelrod, 1973) (Indonesia, Timor Sea to Solomon Ids); P. porphyrea (Lubbock & Goldman, 1974) (Ryukyu Ids and northeastern Indonesia to Marshall Ids and Tonga); Pseudochromis aldabraensis Bauchot-Boutin, 1958 (Aldabra, northwestern Indian Ocean); P. alticaudex sp. nov. (northeastern Indonesia to Solomon Ids); P. andamanensis Lubbock, 1980 (Andaman Sea to Timor Sea, Australia); P. aureolineatus sp. nov. (Comoro Ids); P. aurulentus Gill & Randall, 1998 (Komodo Id, Indonesia); P. bitaeniatus (Fowler, 1931) (Philippines to Timor Sea, Australia, Solomon Ids); P. caudalis Boulenger, 1898 (Arabian Sea to Sri Lanka); P. coccinicauda (Tickell, 1888) (Laccadive Ids to central Indonesia); P. colei Herre, 1933 (Culion, Philippines); P. cometes Gill & Randall, 1998 (Komodo Id, Indonesia); P. cyanotaenia Bleeker, 1857 (Japan to Australia and Vanuatu); P dilectus Lubbock, 1976 (Sri Lanka); P. dixurus Lubbock, 1975 (Red Sea); P. dutoiti Smith, 1955 (east coast of Africa); P. elongatus Lubbock, 1980 (eastern Indonesia); P. flammicauda Lubbock & Goldman, 1976 (Great Barrier Reef); P. flavivertex Riippell, 1835 (Red Sea); P. flavopunctatus Gill & Randall, 1998 (Komodo Id, Indonesia); P. fowleri Herre, 1934 (Philippines and Sabah, Borneo); P. fridmani Klausewitz, 1968 (Red Sea); P. fuscus Muller & Troschel, 1849 (Sri Lanka to Vanuatu); P. howsoni Allen, 1995 (northwestern Australia); P. jamesi Schultz, 1943 (southwest Pacific); P kolythrus Gill & Winterbottom, 1993 (New Caledonia); P. kristinae sp. nov. (east coast of Africa to Madagascar); P. leucorhynchus Lubbock, 1977 (Kenya to Oman); P. linda Randall & Stanaland, 1989 (Gulf of Aden to Pakistan); P. litus Gill & Randall, 1998 (southeastern Indonesia); P. luteus Aoyagi, 1943 (Ryukyu Ids to Philippines); P. madagascariensis sp. nov. (northeastern Madagascar); P. magnificus Lubbock, 1977 (Cargados Carajos Shoals); P. marshallensis Schultz, 1953 (Western Australia to Marshall Ids); P. melanurus sp. nov. (Fiji and Tonga); P. melas Lubbock, 1977 (east coast of Africa); P. mooii sp. nov. (Komodo Id, Indonesia); P. moorei Fowler, 1931 (Philippines); P. natalensis Regan, 1916 (east coast of Africa); P. nigrovittatus Boulenger, 1897 (Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Socotra to Persian Gulf); P- olivaceus Riippell, 1835 (Red Sea); P. omanensis Gill & Mee, 1993 (Oman); P. persicus Murray, 1887 (Persian Gulf to Pakistan); P. perspicillatus Gunther, 1862 (Philippines and Indonesia); P. pesi Lubbock, 1975 (Red Sea); P. pictus Gill & Randall, 1998 (Alor Id, Indonesia); P. punctatus Kotthaus, 1970 (Somalia and southern Oman); P. pylei Randall & McCosker, 1989 (southeastern Indonesia and Belau); P quinquedentatus McCulloch, 1926 (northern Australia); P. ransonneti Steindachner, 1870 (Gulf of Thailand to Seribu Ids, Indonesia); P. reticulatus Gill & Woodland, 1992 (northwestern Australia); P. sankeyi Lubbock, 1975 (southern Red Sea, Gulf of Aden); P. springeri Lubbock, 1975 (Red Sea); P. steenei Gill & Randall, 1992 (southern Indonesia); P. striatus Gill, Shao & Chen, 1995 (Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Ids); P. tapeinosoma Bleeker, 1853 (Andaman Sea to Solomon Ids); P. tauberae Lubbock, 1977 (east coast of Africa to Madagascar); P. viridis Gill & Allen, 1996 (Christmas Id, Indian Ocean); and P. wilsoni Whitley, 1929 (northern Australia). A key to genera and keys to species within genera are provided. Synonymy lists, suggested vernacular names, morphological descriptions, habitat notes, and distribution maps are given for each species. Photographs showing live and/or freshly dead colourations (including sexual and other intraspecific variation) are provided for all but a few species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Gill, Anthony C
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Fishes -- Indo-Pacific Region -- Classification , Pseudochromidae
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/137669 , vital:37548
- Description: The 100 nominal species in the pseudochromid subfamily Pseudochrominae are referred to 70 valid species, and an additional ten species are described as new. These species are assigned to ten genera: Assiculoides Gill & Hutchins, 1997, Assiculus Richardson, 1846, Cypho Myers, 1940, Labracinns Schlegel, 1858, Ogilbyina Fowler, 1931, Pseudochromis Riippell, 1835, and four new genera, Manonichthvs, Oxvcercichthys, Pholidochromis and Pictichromis. In previous recent studies only two genera, Labracinns and Pseudochromis , had been generally recognised; species assigned to the remaining genera had been previously placed in Pseudochromis. Species included in the subfamily are: Assiculoides desmonotus Gill & Hutchins, 1997 (Western Australia); Assiculus punctatus Richardson, 1846 (northwestern Australia); Cypho purpurascens (De Vis, 1884) (southwest Pacific); C. zaps sp. nov. (Indonesia to Ryukyu Ids); Labracinns atrofasciatus (Herre, 1933) (Culion, Philippines); L. cyclophthalmus (Muller & Troschel, 1849) (Japan to northwestern Australia, Papua New Guinea); L. lineatus (Castelnau, 1875) (Western Australia); Manonichthvs a/leni sp. nov. (Sabah, Borneo); M. paranox (Lubbock & Goldman, 1976) (Solomon Ids, Papua New Guinea, Great Barrier Reef); M. polynemus (Fowler, 1931) (northeastern Indonesia, Belau); M. splendens (Fowler, 1931) (southeastern Indonesia); M. winterbottomi sp nov. (Cebu, Philippines); Ogilbyina novaehollandiae (Steindachner, 1880) (southern Great Barrier Reef and Queensland); O. queenslandiae (Saville-Kent, 1893) (Queensland, Great Barrier Reef); O. salvati (Plessis & Fourmanoir, 1966) (New Caledonia); Oxvcercichthys veliferus (Lubbock, 1980) (Great Barrier Reef, western Coral Sea); Pholidochromis marginata (Lubbock, 1980) (northeastern Indonesia to Bougainville); Pictichromis aurifrons (Lubbock, 1980) (New Guinea); P. coralensis sp. nov. (Great Barrier Reef to New Caledonia); P. diadema (Lubbock & Randall, 1978) (Malaysia to Philippines and northern Borneo); P. ephippiata (Gill, Pyle & Earle, 1996) (northern Sulawesi, southeastern Papua New Guinea); P. paccagnellae (Axelrod, 1973) (Indonesia, Timor Sea to Solomon Ids); P. porphyrea (Lubbock & Goldman, 1974) (Ryukyu Ids and northeastern Indonesia to Marshall Ids and Tonga); Pseudochromis aldabraensis Bauchot-Boutin, 1958 (Aldabra, northwestern Indian Ocean); P. alticaudex sp. nov. (northeastern Indonesia to Solomon Ids); P. andamanensis Lubbock, 1980 (Andaman Sea to Timor Sea, Australia); P. aureolineatus sp. nov. (Comoro Ids); P. aurulentus Gill & Randall, 1998 (Komodo Id, Indonesia); P. bitaeniatus (Fowler, 1931) (Philippines to Timor Sea, Australia, Solomon Ids); P. caudalis Boulenger, 1898 (Arabian Sea to Sri Lanka); P. coccinicauda (Tickell, 1888) (Laccadive Ids to central Indonesia); P. colei Herre, 1933 (Culion, Philippines); P. cometes Gill & Randall, 1998 (Komodo Id, Indonesia); P. cyanotaenia Bleeker, 1857 (Japan to Australia and Vanuatu); P dilectus Lubbock, 1976 (Sri Lanka); P. dixurus Lubbock, 1975 (Red Sea); P. dutoiti Smith, 1955 (east coast of Africa); P. elongatus Lubbock, 1980 (eastern Indonesia); P. flammicauda Lubbock & Goldman, 1976 (Great Barrier Reef); P. flavivertex Riippell, 1835 (Red Sea); P. flavopunctatus Gill & Randall, 1998 (Komodo Id, Indonesia); P. fowleri Herre, 1934 (Philippines and Sabah, Borneo); P. fridmani Klausewitz, 1968 (Red Sea); P. fuscus Muller & Troschel, 1849 (Sri Lanka to Vanuatu); P. howsoni Allen, 1995 (northwestern Australia); P. jamesi Schultz, 1943 (southwest Pacific); P kolythrus Gill & Winterbottom, 1993 (New Caledonia); P. kristinae sp. nov. (east coast of Africa to Madagascar); P. leucorhynchus Lubbock, 1977 (Kenya to Oman); P. linda Randall & Stanaland, 1989 (Gulf of Aden to Pakistan); P. litus Gill & Randall, 1998 (southeastern Indonesia); P. luteus Aoyagi, 1943 (Ryukyu Ids to Philippines); P. madagascariensis sp. nov. (northeastern Madagascar); P. magnificus Lubbock, 1977 (Cargados Carajos Shoals); P. marshallensis Schultz, 1953 (Western Australia to Marshall Ids); P. melanurus sp. nov. (Fiji and Tonga); P. melas Lubbock, 1977 (east coast of Africa); P. mooii sp. nov. (Komodo Id, Indonesia); P. moorei Fowler, 1931 (Philippines); P. natalensis Regan, 1916 (east coast of Africa); P. nigrovittatus Boulenger, 1897 (Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Socotra to Persian Gulf); P- olivaceus Riippell, 1835 (Red Sea); P. omanensis Gill & Mee, 1993 (Oman); P. persicus Murray, 1887 (Persian Gulf to Pakistan); P. perspicillatus Gunther, 1862 (Philippines and Indonesia); P. pesi Lubbock, 1975 (Red Sea); P. pictus Gill & Randall, 1998 (Alor Id, Indonesia); P. punctatus Kotthaus, 1970 (Somalia and southern Oman); P. pylei Randall & McCosker, 1989 (southeastern Indonesia and Belau); P quinquedentatus McCulloch, 1926 (northern Australia); P. ransonneti Steindachner, 1870 (Gulf of Thailand to Seribu Ids, Indonesia); P. reticulatus Gill & Woodland, 1992 (northwestern Australia); P. sankeyi Lubbock, 1975 (southern Red Sea, Gulf of Aden); P. springeri Lubbock, 1975 (Red Sea); P. steenei Gill & Randall, 1992 (southern Indonesia); P. striatus Gill, Shao & Chen, 1995 (Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Ids); P. tapeinosoma Bleeker, 1853 (Andaman Sea to Solomon Ids); P. tauberae Lubbock, 1977 (east coast of Africa to Madagascar); P. viridis Gill & Allen, 1996 (Christmas Id, Indian Ocean); and P. wilsoni Whitley, 1929 (northern Australia). A key to genera and keys to species within genera are provided. Synonymy lists, suggested vernacular names, morphological descriptions, habitat notes, and distribution maps are given for each species. Photographs showing live and/or freshly dead colourations (including sexual and other intraspecific variation) are provided for all but a few species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
A yellowwood by any other name: molecular systematics and the taxonomy of Podocarpus and the Podocarpaceae in southern Africa
- Barker, Nigel P, Muller, E M, Mill, R R
- Authors: Barker, Nigel P , Muller, E M , Mill, R R
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6495 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004488
- Description: We briefly review the taxonomic history of the Podocarpaceae, with an emphasis on the recognition of numerous segregate genera out of Podocarpus sensu lato. Despite some controversy over the recognition of these genera, molecular data (DNA sequences) provide evidence that supports this taxonomy. The implications for African Podocarpaceae are discussed. In particular, molecular data support the recognition of Afrocarpus as distinct from Podocarpus. Additional taxonomic problems concerning the possible segregation of Podocarpus milanjianus from P. latifolius are addressed using DNA sequence data from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region. Results of this are inconclusive, and suggest that alternative DNA-based evidence, such as from AFLPs or microsatellites, may be more informative in resolving such species complexes in African Podocarpus.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Barker, Nigel P , Muller, E M , Mill, R R
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6495 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004488
- Description: We briefly review the taxonomic history of the Podocarpaceae, with an emphasis on the recognition of numerous segregate genera out of Podocarpus sensu lato. Despite some controversy over the recognition of these genera, molecular data (DNA sequences) provide evidence that supports this taxonomy. The implications for African Podocarpaceae are discussed. In particular, molecular data support the recognition of Afrocarpus as distinct from Podocarpus. Additional taxonomic problems concerning the possible segregation of Podocarpus milanjianus from P. latifolius are addressed using DNA sequence data from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region. Results of this are inconclusive, and suggest that alternative DNA-based evidence, such as from AFLPs or microsatellites, may be more informative in resolving such species complexes in African Podocarpus.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Rhodes University Research Report 2004
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:559 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011950
- Description: [From Introduction] Rhodes University has had another successful year in terms of research activities and outputs in what has been an exciting Centenary year and I would like to add my congratulations and thanks to those of the Vice-Chancellor to all staff and postgraduate students for their research efforts in 2004. This report documents the research highlights and outputs in its many forms during 2004. Research which is not disseminated in this manner is wasted and I would like to encourage all staff and students to continue to publish their research in the most appropriate way. I would particularly like to stress the importance of publishing research findings in subsidy earning journals and of converting conference papers into journal articles where possible. Outputs in accredited journals are one of the principle means by which the University earns research subsidy and increasing the subsidy earned in this way will directly benefit internally funded research activities. In terms of journal publications 2004 has been a very good year with the audited but still to be awarded journal units increasing to 202 units from 165 awarded in 2003. I am confident that this is a sustainable trend and it is particularly encouraging in the context of a national trend of declining research outputs. A particularly successful publication was the special edition of the SA Journal of Science which was dedicated to the Rhodes University Centenary. I would like to thank all of those staff and students who submitted articles for publication in this edition and Professor Barker for initiating and co-ordinating this publication. An aspect of research outputs which remains a serious concern is the continued poor recognition by the Department of Education of publications in the form of books, chapters, refereed conference proceedings and patents. Not only are a small fraction of these outputs accepted for subsidy purposes but to date no feedback has been given in terms of which books, chapters, etc have in fact been subsidised or why the majority of submissions are not accepted. The Department of Education has, however, indicated that such feedback will be forthcoming from 2005. A further, and possibly even more problematic, aspect of recognition of research outputs (and NRF rating) is the inability to assess outputs in the Performing and Visual Arts. Attempts have been made to address this issue at a national level but no solution appears to be likely in the near future. A concerted and unified national approach to addressing the issue of recognition of research outputs other than articles in accredited journals is urgently needed at the highest level if the research efforts in many disciplines are not to be undermined. My thanks once again to all staff and students for their continued commitment to research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:559 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011950
- Description: [From Introduction] Rhodes University has had another successful year in terms of research activities and outputs in what has been an exciting Centenary year and I would like to add my congratulations and thanks to those of the Vice-Chancellor to all staff and postgraduate students for their research efforts in 2004. This report documents the research highlights and outputs in its many forms during 2004. Research which is not disseminated in this manner is wasted and I would like to encourage all staff and students to continue to publish their research in the most appropriate way. I would particularly like to stress the importance of publishing research findings in subsidy earning journals and of converting conference papers into journal articles where possible. Outputs in accredited journals are one of the principle means by which the University earns research subsidy and increasing the subsidy earned in this way will directly benefit internally funded research activities. In terms of journal publications 2004 has been a very good year with the audited but still to be awarded journal units increasing to 202 units from 165 awarded in 2003. I am confident that this is a sustainable trend and it is particularly encouraging in the context of a national trend of declining research outputs. A particularly successful publication was the special edition of the SA Journal of Science which was dedicated to the Rhodes University Centenary. I would like to thank all of those staff and students who submitted articles for publication in this edition and Professor Barker for initiating and co-ordinating this publication. An aspect of research outputs which remains a serious concern is the continued poor recognition by the Department of Education of publications in the form of books, chapters, refereed conference proceedings and patents. Not only are a small fraction of these outputs accepted for subsidy purposes but to date no feedback has been given in terms of which books, chapters, etc have in fact been subsidised or why the majority of submissions are not accepted. The Department of Education has, however, indicated that such feedback will be forthcoming from 2005. A further, and possibly even more problematic, aspect of recognition of research outputs (and NRF rating) is the inability to assess outputs in the Performing and Visual Arts. Attempts have been made to address this issue at a national level but no solution appears to be likely in the near future. A concerted and unified national approach to addressing the issue of recognition of research outputs other than articles in accredited journals is urgently needed at the highest level if the research efforts in many disciplines are not to be undermined. My thanks once again to all staff and students for their continued commitment to research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Reduction in transport in wheat (Triticum aestivum) is caused by sustained phloem feeding by the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia)
- Botha, Christiaan E J, Matsiliza, Babalwa
- Authors: Botha, Christiaan E J , Matsiliza, Babalwa
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6498 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004498
- Description: The Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) feeds preferentially from the phloem of longitudinal veins of nonresistant wheat leaves. The xenobiotic, 5,6-CFDA was applied to exposed leaf blade mesophyll cells in control and aphid-infested plants. In control plants, the fluorophore moved approximately 5–6cm from the point of application of 5,6-CFDA within 3h of application. The fluorochrome was transported in the sieve tube companion cell complex, including those in the numerous interconnecting transverse veins. Leaf blades on which the Russian wheat aphid had been feeding demonstrated a marked decrease in 5,6-CF transport. Aphids feeding on the leaves formed local sinks and redirected the fluorophore (and presumably associated assimilate) to the aphids’ gut, with little longitudinal translocation of 5,6-CF below inserted stylets or aphid feeding areas. Aniline blue staining revealed massive deposits of wound and reaction callose caused by the aphids, with callose associated with the sieve plates, pore-plasmodesma between the companion cells and their associated sieve tubes, as well as with plasmodesmal aggregates in parenchymatous elements within the vascular bundles. Leaves that had been colonised by aphids but from which the aphids were removed, showed extensive wound callose deposits, which persisted for up to 48h after removal of aphid colonies, suggesting that the damage caused by aphid feeding is a long-term, non-transient event in non-resistant plants.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Botha, Christiaan E J , Matsiliza, Babalwa
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6498 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004498
- Description: The Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) feeds preferentially from the phloem of longitudinal veins of nonresistant wheat leaves. The xenobiotic, 5,6-CFDA was applied to exposed leaf blade mesophyll cells in control and aphid-infested plants. In control plants, the fluorophore moved approximately 5–6cm from the point of application of 5,6-CFDA within 3h of application. The fluorochrome was transported in the sieve tube companion cell complex, including those in the numerous interconnecting transverse veins. Leaf blades on which the Russian wheat aphid had been feeding demonstrated a marked decrease in 5,6-CF transport. Aphids feeding on the leaves formed local sinks and redirected the fluorophore (and presumably associated assimilate) to the aphids’ gut, with little longitudinal translocation of 5,6-CF below inserted stylets or aphid feeding areas. Aniline blue staining revealed massive deposits of wound and reaction callose caused by the aphids, with callose associated with the sieve plates, pore-plasmodesma between the companion cells and their associated sieve tubes, as well as with plasmodesmal aggregates in parenchymatous elements within the vascular bundles. Leaves that had been colonised by aphids but from which the aphids were removed, showed extensive wound callose deposits, which persisted for up to 48h after removal of aphid colonies, suggesting that the damage caused by aphid feeding is a long-term, non-transient event in non-resistant plants.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Mycorrhizal status of indigenous tree species in a forest biome of the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Hawley, Greer L, Dames, Joanna F
- Authors: Hawley, Greer L , Dames, Joanna F
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6458 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005774
- Description: Mycorrhizal fungi are intimately associated with plant roots, affecting plant growth, health and increasing the plants' tolerance to environmental stress. Several mycorrhizal types are recognized based primarily on morphological characteristics within plant roots. When considering propagation and management of an indigenous plant species, it is essential to know its mycorrhizal status. Root samples from 17 tree species common to the pockets of forest in the Eastern Cape province, and representing the families Rubiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Oleaceae, Podocarpaceae, Myrsinaceae, Anacardiaceae, Caesalpinoideae, Papilionoideae, Rutaceae, Meliaceae, Celastraceae, Flacouticeae and Ebenaceae, were sampled and examined for mycorrhizal colonization. Microscopic examination of all the species produced evidence of morphological structures indicative of endomycorrhizal associations as indicated by the presence of intercellular hyphae combined with vesicles, arbuscules or hyphal coils. Hyphal coils (also known as Paris-type associations) appeared to be abundant, especially within the Cassine genus. Arbuscules (also known as Arum-type associations) were scarce but sometimes present, and vesicles were prolific in Olea capensis. Most of the tree species examined have been assigned arbuscular mycorrhizal status. No ectomycorrhizal associations were recorded
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Hawley, Greer L , Dames, Joanna F
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6458 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005774
- Description: Mycorrhizal fungi are intimately associated with plant roots, affecting plant growth, health and increasing the plants' tolerance to environmental stress. Several mycorrhizal types are recognized based primarily on morphological characteristics within plant roots. When considering propagation and management of an indigenous plant species, it is essential to know its mycorrhizal status. Root samples from 17 tree species common to the pockets of forest in the Eastern Cape province, and representing the families Rubiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Oleaceae, Podocarpaceae, Myrsinaceae, Anacardiaceae, Caesalpinoideae, Papilionoideae, Rutaceae, Meliaceae, Celastraceae, Flacouticeae and Ebenaceae, were sampled and examined for mycorrhizal colonization. Microscopic examination of all the species produced evidence of morphological structures indicative of endomycorrhizal associations as indicated by the presence of intercellular hyphae combined with vesicles, arbuscules or hyphal coils. Hyphal coils (also known as Paris-type associations) appeared to be abundant, especially within the Cassine genus. Arbuscules (also known as Arum-type associations) were scarce but sometimes present, and vesicles were prolific in Olea capensis. Most of the tree species examined have been assigned arbuscular mycorrhizal status. No ectomycorrhizal associations were recorded
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Developing evidence-based practice: the role of case-based research
- Edwards, D J A, Dattilio, F M, Bromley, D B
- Authors: Edwards, D J A , Dattilio, F M , Bromley, D B
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6243 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007856
- Description: How can practitioners engage in evidence-based practice when the evidence for effectiveness of psychological treatments comes from randomized controlled trials using patient populations different from those encountered in everyday settings and treatment manuals that seem oversimplified and inflexible? The authors argue that important evidence about best practice comes from case-based research, which builds knowledge in a clinically useful manner and complements what is achieved by multivariate research methods. A multidimensional model of the research process is provided that includes clinical practice and case-based research as significant contributors. The authors summarize the principles of case-based research and provide examples of recent technical advances. Finally, the authors suggest ways in which practitioners can apply the case-based approach in researching and publishing their own cases, perhaps in collaboration with university-based researchers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Edwards, D J A , Dattilio, F M , Bromley, D B
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6243 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007856
- Description: How can practitioners engage in evidence-based practice when the evidence for effectiveness of psychological treatments comes from randomized controlled trials using patient populations different from those encountered in everyday settings and treatment manuals that seem oversimplified and inflexible? The authors argue that important evidence about best practice comes from case-based research, which builds knowledge in a clinically useful manner and complements what is achieved by multivariate research methods. A multidimensional model of the research process is provided that includes clinical practice and case-based research as significant contributors. The authors summarize the principles of case-based research and provide examples of recent technical advances. Finally, the authors suggest ways in which practitioners can apply the case-based approach in researching and publishing their own cases, perhaps in collaboration with university-based researchers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Socio-economic differentiation in the trade of wildlife species for traditional medicines in the Lowveld, South Africa: Implications for resource management initiatives
- Botha, Jenny, Witkowski, Ed T F, Shackleton, Charlie M, Fairbanks, Dean H K
- Authors: Botha, Jenny , Witkowski, Ed T F , Shackleton, Charlie M , Fairbanks, Dean H K
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/183071 , vital:43909 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504500409469832"
- Description: Surveys of trade in wildlife products utilised in traditional medicine were conducted between 1997 and 1999 on the western boundary of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Although the extent of trade and numbers of people operating in this sector were lower than other regions of South Africa, this study again highlighted the value of indigenous wildlife products to subsistence economies. Apart from cultural diversity, socioeconomic differentiation occurred at a number of levels. (i) There were socio-economic differences between the traders and vendors. (ii) Gender differences were apparent, with women earning significantly less than men and having to undergo more social challenges in their operation in the market place. (iii) Operational differences were noted between the vendors and traders, as well as between the street and pension day vendors. (iv) Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) highlighted the socio-economic differentiation at the household level, emphasizing in particular one of the most vulnerable groups, the elderly. The potential influence of this socio-economic differentiation needs to be considered during the development of Community-Based Conservation programmes, if the dual aims of conserving biodiversity and improving the lives and livelihoods of those who traditionally rely on medicinal plants are to be met.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Botha, Jenny , Witkowski, Ed T F , Shackleton, Charlie M , Fairbanks, Dean H K
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/183071 , vital:43909 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504500409469832"
- Description: Surveys of trade in wildlife products utilised in traditional medicine were conducted between 1997 and 1999 on the western boundary of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Although the extent of trade and numbers of people operating in this sector were lower than other regions of South Africa, this study again highlighted the value of indigenous wildlife products to subsistence economies. Apart from cultural diversity, socioeconomic differentiation occurred at a number of levels. (i) There were socio-economic differences between the traders and vendors. (ii) Gender differences were apparent, with women earning significantly less than men and having to undergo more social challenges in their operation in the market place. (iii) Operational differences were noted between the vendors and traders, as well as between the street and pension day vendors. (iv) Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) highlighted the socio-economic differentiation at the household level, emphasizing in particular one of the most vulnerable groups, the elderly. The potential influence of this socio-economic differentiation needs to be considered during the development of Community-Based Conservation programmes, if the dual aims of conserving biodiversity and improving the lives and livelihoods of those who traditionally rely on medicinal plants are to be met.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Research portfolio
- Authors: Kruger, H J M
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- Namibia Problem solving -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1874 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005629
- Description: Paper 1. The purpose of this analysis is to critically evaluate the Lower Primary Mathematics programme within the context of the Namibian educational reform, against the backdrop of learner-centred education from within the Constructivist epistemology. Through the analysis of a small-scale survey, I will try to determine the extent to which learners, teachers and other educationalists, involved in the Lower Primary school phase, understand the new approach to Mathematics and their pedagogical and theoretical insight into the new programme. I will also analyse the syllabus documents in view of the educational policies and further discuss the social, historical and economic background to the reform. I will then analyse the progress or development of the reform process through discussing the learning environment as well as the learners who are the central participants in education. Paper 2.This critical discussion aims to explore the prospects and underlying principles of the epistemologies of two opposing paradigms of education: Behaviourism and Constructivism. I have critically examined and compared the theoretical aspects that shape and inform the model of instruction and the systemic implications of the learning process. The purpose was to compare both learning theories and to draw a conclusion of which the better epistemology is for the teaching and learning process. Paper 3. This is an investigation into the theories that underpin and inform mathematics teaching in the Lower Primary phase of the primary school in Namibia. The Namibian society requires the development of knowledge and understanding, skills and competencies, attitudes and values, which everyone must have to be able to function adequately in society on a social, economic and political level (MBESC 1996). We need to seek ways of enhancing mathematics teaching in Namibia if we want to live up to the expectations of our society. Paper 4. Mathematicians and researchers across the globe have theorised and speculated about education reform movements, which aim for more than just structural knowledge where it concerns Mathematics. This action research study is based on the findings of a pilot study about 'Problem-based Learning', using this as a basis to investigate the relationship between the intentions of the Lower Primary Mathematics curriculum and its implementation at classroom level. This paper reports on a case study of two grade one teachers' perceptions of problem solving as a key component of Mathematics learning and how the implementation of the problem-based approach could be supported through intervention. Data was gathered from a series of cycles of planning, acting, observing and reflecting. Analysis of the data indicates that teachers' professional development lies within a willingness to change and in reflexive practice. Given focused support to teachers could result in the application of contemporary approaches to Mathematics teaching, with an overall improvement of constructivist-oriented learner-centred education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Kruger, H J M
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- Namibia Problem solving -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1874 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005629
- Description: Paper 1. The purpose of this analysis is to critically evaluate the Lower Primary Mathematics programme within the context of the Namibian educational reform, against the backdrop of learner-centred education from within the Constructivist epistemology. Through the analysis of a small-scale survey, I will try to determine the extent to which learners, teachers and other educationalists, involved in the Lower Primary school phase, understand the new approach to Mathematics and their pedagogical and theoretical insight into the new programme. I will also analyse the syllabus documents in view of the educational policies and further discuss the social, historical and economic background to the reform. I will then analyse the progress or development of the reform process through discussing the learning environment as well as the learners who are the central participants in education. Paper 2.This critical discussion aims to explore the prospects and underlying principles of the epistemologies of two opposing paradigms of education: Behaviourism and Constructivism. I have critically examined and compared the theoretical aspects that shape and inform the model of instruction and the systemic implications of the learning process. The purpose was to compare both learning theories and to draw a conclusion of which the better epistemology is for the teaching and learning process. Paper 3. This is an investigation into the theories that underpin and inform mathematics teaching in the Lower Primary phase of the primary school in Namibia. The Namibian society requires the development of knowledge and understanding, skills and competencies, attitudes and values, which everyone must have to be able to function adequately in society on a social, economic and political level (MBESC 1996). We need to seek ways of enhancing mathematics teaching in Namibia if we want to live up to the expectations of our society. Paper 4. Mathematicians and researchers across the globe have theorised and speculated about education reform movements, which aim for more than just structural knowledge where it concerns Mathematics. This action research study is based on the findings of a pilot study about 'Problem-based Learning', using this as a basis to investigate the relationship between the intentions of the Lower Primary Mathematics curriculum and its implementation at classroom level. This paper reports on a case study of two grade one teachers' perceptions of problem solving as a key component of Mathematics learning and how the implementation of the problem-based approach could be supported through intervention. Data was gathered from a series of cycles of planning, acting, observing and reflecting. Analysis of the data indicates that teachers' professional development lies within a willingness to change and in reflexive practice. Given focused support to teachers could result in the application of contemporary approaches to Mathematics teaching, with an overall improvement of constructivist-oriented learner-centred education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
A comparison of programming notations for a tertiary level introductory programming course
- Authors: Cilliers, Charmain Barbara
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Computer programming -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- South Africa , Computer programmers -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:11093 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019679
- Description: Increasing pressure from national government to improve throughput at South African tertiary education institutions presents challenges to educators of introductory programming courses. In response, educators must adopt effective methods and strategies that encourage novice programmers to be successful in such courses. An approach that seeks to increase and maintain satisfactory throughput is the modification of the teaching model in these courses by adjusting presentation techniques. This thesis investigates the effect of integrating an experimental iconic programming notation and associated development environment with existing conventional textual technological support in the teaching model of a tertiary level introductory programming course. The investigation compares the performance achievement of novice programmers using only conventional textual technological support with that of novice programmers using the integrated iconic and conventional textual technological support. In preparation for the investigation, interpretation of existing knowledge on the behaviour of novice programmers while learning to program results in a novel framework of eight novice programmer requirements for technological support in an introductory programming course. This framework is applied in the examination of existing categories of technological support as well as in the design of new technological support for novice programmers learning to program. It thus provides information for the selection of existing and the design of new introductory programming technological support. The findings of the investigation suggest strong evidence that performance achievement of novice programmers in a tertiary level introductory programming course improves significantly with the inclusion of iconic technological support in the teaching model. The benefits are particularly evident in the portion of the novice programmer population who have been identified as being at risk of being successful in the course. Novice programmers identified as being at risk perform substantially better when using iconic technological support concurrently with conventional textual technological support than their equals who use only the latter form. Considerably more at risk novice programmers using the integrated form of technological support are in fact successful in the introductory programming course when compared with their counterparts who use conventional textual technological support only. The contributions of this thesis address deficiencies existing in current documented research. These contributions are primarily apparent in a number of distinct areas, namely: • formalisation of a novel framework of novice programmer requirements for technological support in an introductory programming course; • application of the framework as a formal evaluation technique; • application of the framework in the design of a visual iconic programming notation and development environment; • enhancement of existing empirical evidence and experimental research methodology typically applied to studies in programming; as well as • a proposal for a modified introductory programming course teaching model. The thesis has effectively applied substantial existing research on the cognitive model of the novice programmer as well as that on experimental technological support. The increase of throughput to a recommended rate of 75 percent in the tertiary level introductory programming course at the University of Port Elizabeth is attributed solely to the incorporation of iconic technological support in the teaching model of the course.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Cilliers, Charmain Barbara
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Computer programming -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- South Africa , Computer programmers -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:11093 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019679
- Description: Increasing pressure from national government to improve throughput at South African tertiary education institutions presents challenges to educators of introductory programming courses. In response, educators must adopt effective methods and strategies that encourage novice programmers to be successful in such courses. An approach that seeks to increase and maintain satisfactory throughput is the modification of the teaching model in these courses by adjusting presentation techniques. This thesis investigates the effect of integrating an experimental iconic programming notation and associated development environment with existing conventional textual technological support in the teaching model of a tertiary level introductory programming course. The investigation compares the performance achievement of novice programmers using only conventional textual technological support with that of novice programmers using the integrated iconic and conventional textual technological support. In preparation for the investigation, interpretation of existing knowledge on the behaviour of novice programmers while learning to program results in a novel framework of eight novice programmer requirements for technological support in an introductory programming course. This framework is applied in the examination of existing categories of technological support as well as in the design of new technological support for novice programmers learning to program. It thus provides information for the selection of existing and the design of new introductory programming technological support. The findings of the investigation suggest strong evidence that performance achievement of novice programmers in a tertiary level introductory programming course improves significantly with the inclusion of iconic technological support in the teaching model. The benefits are particularly evident in the portion of the novice programmer population who have been identified as being at risk of being successful in the course. Novice programmers identified as being at risk perform substantially better when using iconic technological support concurrently with conventional textual technological support than their equals who use only the latter form. Considerably more at risk novice programmers using the integrated form of technological support are in fact successful in the introductory programming course when compared with their counterparts who use conventional textual technological support only. The contributions of this thesis address deficiencies existing in current documented research. These contributions are primarily apparent in a number of distinct areas, namely: • formalisation of a novel framework of novice programmer requirements for technological support in an introductory programming course; • application of the framework as a formal evaluation technique; • application of the framework in the design of a visual iconic programming notation and development environment; • enhancement of existing empirical evidence and experimental research methodology typically applied to studies in programming; as well as • a proposal for a modified introductory programming course teaching model. The thesis has effectively applied substantial existing research on the cognitive model of the novice programmer as well as that on experimental technological support. The increase of throughput to a recommended rate of 75 percent in the tertiary level introductory programming course at the University of Port Elizabeth is attributed solely to the incorporation of iconic technological support in the teaching model of the course.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Sele Ahomna
- University of Fort Hare students, Ntsikana, Dargie, Dave
- Authors: University of Fort Hare students , Ntsikana , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Folk music , Sacred music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa South Africa Alice sa
- Language: IsiXhosa
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/343356 , vital:62999 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDC345-01
- Description: UFH music students accompanied by marimba
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: University of Fort Hare students , Ntsikana , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Folk music , Sacred music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa South Africa Alice sa
- Language: IsiXhosa
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/343356 , vital:62999 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDC345-01
- Description: UFH music students accompanied by marimba
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2004
Family needs following adult traumatic brain injury
- Authors: Van der Merwe, Jó-Marié
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Brain damage -- Patients -- Family relationships -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Brain damage -- Patients -- Rehabilitation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:11033 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/335 , Brain damage -- Patients -- Family relationships -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Brain damage -- Patients -- Rehabilitation
- Description: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant and growing type of disability in South Africa. Coping with the impact of traumatic brain injury is one of the most difficult tasks that can confront a family, and family members experience a wide range of needs as the injured person progresses through rehabilitation. In South Africa, research on family needs following traumatic brain injury has thus far been neglected and rehabilitation resources are sadly lacking. For this reason it is necessary to accumulate knowledge about these families’ needs so as to assist with the planning of future rehabilitation programmes. The study aimed to explore and describe the needs of a sample of families with adult traumatic brain injury individuals in the Eastern Cape utilizing the Family Needs Questionnaire (FNQ). The research approach followed could be described as descriptive and exploratory in nature and was conducted within a quantitative framework. A biographical questionnaire and the FNQ were administered to a heterogeneous sample of 32 family members, including significant others and primary caregivers, of 16 adult traumatically brain-injured individuals, who sustained the TBI one to three years previously, and who underwent rehabilitation treatment at a private rehabilitation hospital in Port Elizabeth. A non-probability, purposive, and convenient sampling method was used. Descriptive statistics were computed to determine the importance and the perceived fulfillment of the needs. The results of the present study indicated that all 40 needs were endorsed by at least half the sample as being important to very important. Furthermore, 52.50% of the needs were endorsed by more than two-thirds of the sample as being important to very important. The needs were rank-ordered according to their importance ratings and the 10 mostly rated as important or very important were identified. These 10 needs were endorsed by between 84.38% and 93.75% of the family members as being important to very important. Six of the important or very important needs related to health information, two to professional support, one to community support, and one to emotional support. The relation between various participant, traumatically brain-injured individual and brain injury characteristics and the 10 important or very important needs, as well as the 10 needs more frequently rated as met were investigated and found to either have a limited or varied relationship. The 10 needs most often rated as met were endorsed by between 43.75% and 56.25% of the family members. Six of the met needs related to health information, two to community support, one to instrumental support, and one to treatment decisions. The highest unmet need was endorsed by 46.88% of the participants and related to the need to discuss their feelings with someone who has gone through the same experience. Based on the findings of the present study, further research on family needs following traumatic brain injury is suggested. It is also recommended that the Family Needs Questionnaire be used to evaluate existing rehabilitation programmes so as to make suggestions as to how to improve them. The results of this study suggested that family members would benefit from receiving educational information material, as well as referrals to professionals for advice and support.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Van der Merwe, Jó-Marié
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Brain damage -- Patients -- Family relationships -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Brain damage -- Patients -- Rehabilitation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:11033 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/335 , Brain damage -- Patients -- Family relationships -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Brain damage -- Patients -- Rehabilitation
- Description: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant and growing type of disability in South Africa. Coping with the impact of traumatic brain injury is one of the most difficult tasks that can confront a family, and family members experience a wide range of needs as the injured person progresses through rehabilitation. In South Africa, research on family needs following traumatic brain injury has thus far been neglected and rehabilitation resources are sadly lacking. For this reason it is necessary to accumulate knowledge about these families’ needs so as to assist with the planning of future rehabilitation programmes. The study aimed to explore and describe the needs of a sample of families with adult traumatic brain injury individuals in the Eastern Cape utilizing the Family Needs Questionnaire (FNQ). The research approach followed could be described as descriptive and exploratory in nature and was conducted within a quantitative framework. A biographical questionnaire and the FNQ were administered to a heterogeneous sample of 32 family members, including significant others and primary caregivers, of 16 adult traumatically brain-injured individuals, who sustained the TBI one to three years previously, and who underwent rehabilitation treatment at a private rehabilitation hospital in Port Elizabeth. A non-probability, purposive, and convenient sampling method was used. Descriptive statistics were computed to determine the importance and the perceived fulfillment of the needs. The results of the present study indicated that all 40 needs were endorsed by at least half the sample as being important to very important. Furthermore, 52.50% of the needs were endorsed by more than two-thirds of the sample as being important to very important. The needs were rank-ordered according to their importance ratings and the 10 mostly rated as important or very important were identified. These 10 needs were endorsed by between 84.38% and 93.75% of the family members as being important to very important. Six of the important or very important needs related to health information, two to professional support, one to community support, and one to emotional support. The relation between various participant, traumatically brain-injured individual and brain injury characteristics and the 10 important or very important needs, as well as the 10 needs more frequently rated as met were investigated and found to either have a limited or varied relationship. The 10 needs most often rated as met were endorsed by between 43.75% and 56.25% of the family members. Six of the met needs related to health information, two to community support, one to instrumental support, and one to treatment decisions. The highest unmet need was endorsed by 46.88% of the participants and related to the need to discuss their feelings with someone who has gone through the same experience. Based on the findings of the present study, further research on family needs following traumatic brain injury is suggested. It is also recommended that the Family Needs Questionnaire be used to evaluate existing rehabilitation programmes so as to make suggestions as to how to improve them. The results of this study suggested that family members would benefit from receiving educational information material, as well as referrals to professionals for advice and support.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Burial practices, African women, and Islam in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa
- Authors: Sesanti, Simphiwe Olicius
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Islamic funeral rites and ceremonies -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Muslim women -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Mourning custom -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:10998 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/346 , Islamic funeral rites and ceremonies -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Muslim women -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Mourning custom -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: Early in 2003, African Muslims in Uitenhage’s township, Kwa-Nobuhle, learnt that Muslim women, led by Sheikh Nceba Salamntu, in South Africa’s Port Elizabeth New Brighton township, were allowed, contrary to previous practice, to follow a funeral procession right up to the graveyard. The resultant discomfort on the one hand, and excitement on the other caused by this event among Muslims in the township, forms the basis of this research. It gives focus to Muslim women, the ones most affected by their customary restriction from the gravesites. The researchi exposes the basis for women’s exclusion from funeral processions in the Muslim community. It was established that many of these Muslim women who challenged the practice were converts from Christianity to Islam. One of the bases for their action was that they were passive recipients of Islam. Furthermore, it was found that the exclusion of women from the funeral procession has no basis in Islamic writings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Sesanti, Simphiwe Olicius
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Islamic funeral rites and ceremonies -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Muslim women -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Mourning custom -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:10998 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/346 , Islamic funeral rites and ceremonies -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Muslim women -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Mourning custom -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: Early in 2003, African Muslims in Uitenhage’s township, Kwa-Nobuhle, learnt that Muslim women, led by Sheikh Nceba Salamntu, in South Africa’s Port Elizabeth New Brighton township, were allowed, contrary to previous practice, to follow a funeral procession right up to the graveyard. The resultant discomfort on the one hand, and excitement on the other caused by this event among Muslims in the township, forms the basis of this research. It gives focus to Muslim women, the ones most affected by their customary restriction from the gravesites. The researchi exposes the basis for women’s exclusion from funeral processions in the Muslim community. It was established that many of these Muslim women who challenged the practice were converts from Christianity to Islam. One of the bases for their action was that they were passive recipients of Islam. Furthermore, it was found that the exclusion of women from the funeral procession has no basis in Islamic writings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Miscarriage : an exploration of women's experience : a qualitative study
- Watson, Julia Margretha Garland
- Authors: Watson, Julia Margretha Garland
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Miscarriage -- Psychological aspects , Loss (Psychology) , Bereavement -- Psychological aspects , Infants -- Death -- Psychological aspects , Fetal death -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:688 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003735 , Miscarriage -- Psychological aspects , Loss (Psychology) , Bereavement -- Psychological aspects , Infants -- Death -- Psychological aspects , Fetal death -- Psychological aspects
- Description: Miscarriage can result in significant psychological distress to women. However, many women experience a cultural norm which attributes minimal meaning to the loss. This is reflected in the lack of support experienced from interaction with both medical professionals and those within the individual's social context. This qualitative study reports on the unique experiences of six South African women; their experience of other's reactions to their miscarriage; and their recommendations for better coping with the experience. Data was gathered using one semi-structured interview. Data reduction and analysis followed using a four-stage model of thematic outlines, coding, and comparisons (Marshall and Rossman 1998:152; Marck and Field 1994:9). The objective of the analysis sought to compare the themes generated by the actual data collected with those described in other studies. In this way the findings of the study are generalisable to a larger population and allows for a greater sense of representivity (Silverman 1994:160). Comparisons were made between the women's experiences, as told by them, and Bowles' identification of the Four Domains of Miscarriage Distress Symptoms (2000). The women viewed psychological support as essential in the process of coping; and acknowledgement of their loss as being the loss of a child, as a strong determinant of coming to terms with the loss. A strong need to have support from other women who had shared the experience was voiced. Recommendations for improved intervention are made. In short the core recommendations are: the provision of patient follow-up; the provision of written material; and, specialist training for those working in the area of pregnancy loss.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Watson, Julia Margretha Garland
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Miscarriage -- Psychological aspects , Loss (Psychology) , Bereavement -- Psychological aspects , Infants -- Death -- Psychological aspects , Fetal death -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:688 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003735 , Miscarriage -- Psychological aspects , Loss (Psychology) , Bereavement -- Psychological aspects , Infants -- Death -- Psychological aspects , Fetal death -- Psychological aspects
- Description: Miscarriage can result in significant psychological distress to women. However, many women experience a cultural norm which attributes minimal meaning to the loss. This is reflected in the lack of support experienced from interaction with both medical professionals and those within the individual's social context. This qualitative study reports on the unique experiences of six South African women; their experience of other's reactions to their miscarriage; and their recommendations for better coping with the experience. Data was gathered using one semi-structured interview. Data reduction and analysis followed using a four-stage model of thematic outlines, coding, and comparisons (Marshall and Rossman 1998:152; Marck and Field 1994:9). The objective of the analysis sought to compare the themes generated by the actual data collected with those described in other studies. In this way the findings of the study are generalisable to a larger population and allows for a greater sense of representivity (Silverman 1994:160). Comparisons were made between the women's experiences, as told by them, and Bowles' identification of the Four Domains of Miscarriage Distress Symptoms (2000). The women viewed psychological support as essential in the process of coping; and acknowledgement of their loss as being the loss of a child, as a strong determinant of coming to terms with the loss. A strong need to have support from other women who had shared the experience was voiced. Recommendations for improved intervention are made. In short the core recommendations are: the provision of patient follow-up; the provision of written material; and, specialist training for those working in the area of pregnancy loss.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
An investigation to establish whether the implementation of a structured total quality management system would add value to the South African Brewery, East London depot
- Authors: Herman, Dane
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Total quality management , Brewing industry -- South Africa -- East London -- Quality control , Benchmarking (Management)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10866 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/254 , Total quality management , Brewing industry -- South Africa -- East London -- Quality control , Benchmarking (Management)
- Description: No matter how receptive or unreceptive an individual or a company is to the arrival of the age of technology, this phenomenon of change cannot be overlooked in the competitive global village. Companies must respond and change if they wish to survive into the next century. The results and testing of the hypotheses in chapters four and five clearly indicate that there is a need for a structured Total Quality Management (TQM) system in the East London Depot, of South African Breweries (SAB). The vision of the company states that they aim to be the “benchmark of South African industry and the brewing world”. The mission of the company states that they wish to provide their consumers with the finest quality malt beverages, brewed and marketed by world - class people in a socially responsible and innovative manner. Two of the core values of the company are: • Customer service and consumer focus • Innovation and quality (http://Beernet) Taking the afore mentioned as a guide line, it is evident that although there is a need for a structured TQM system at the East London Depot, there are key focus areas to concentrate on for the program to be successful. The main focus area will be to change the perception of the staff with regards to doing things right the first time. Customer service is very important and should be understood by all. A competent person should be tasked with the implementation of the system. This person should then manage the system and ensure that the staff training and maintenance of documented procedures are adhered to. A TQM committee must also be established in order to perform the necessary audits. As mentioned in chapter one, the aim of the depot management is to improve on it’s current national ranking. A structured TQM program will make a huge contribution towards achieving the desired result. This will result in better results and achievement of goals. With this in mind this paper aims to investigate the feasibility of establishing a T Q M system at the East London Depot of SAB.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Herman, Dane
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Total quality management , Brewing industry -- South Africa -- East London -- Quality control , Benchmarking (Management)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10866 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/254 , Total quality management , Brewing industry -- South Africa -- East London -- Quality control , Benchmarking (Management)
- Description: No matter how receptive or unreceptive an individual or a company is to the arrival of the age of technology, this phenomenon of change cannot be overlooked in the competitive global village. Companies must respond and change if they wish to survive into the next century. The results and testing of the hypotheses in chapters four and five clearly indicate that there is a need for a structured Total Quality Management (TQM) system in the East London Depot, of South African Breweries (SAB). The vision of the company states that they aim to be the “benchmark of South African industry and the brewing world”. The mission of the company states that they wish to provide their consumers with the finest quality malt beverages, brewed and marketed by world - class people in a socially responsible and innovative manner. Two of the core values of the company are: • Customer service and consumer focus • Innovation and quality (http://Beernet) Taking the afore mentioned as a guide line, it is evident that although there is a need for a structured TQM system at the East London Depot, there are key focus areas to concentrate on for the program to be successful. The main focus area will be to change the perception of the staff with regards to doing things right the first time. Customer service is very important and should be understood by all. A competent person should be tasked with the implementation of the system. This person should then manage the system and ensure that the staff training and maintenance of documented procedures are adhered to. A TQM committee must also be established in order to perform the necessary audits. As mentioned in chapter one, the aim of the depot management is to improve on it’s current national ranking. A structured TQM program will make a huge contribution towards achieving the desired result. This will result in better results and achievement of goals. With this in mind this paper aims to investigate the feasibility of establishing a T Q M system at the East London Depot of SAB.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Developing risk management strategies for stock market investment portfolio management
- Authors: Grant, Peter
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Stocks , Risk management , Portfolio management , Investments , Securities
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10936 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/215 , Stocks , Risk management , Portfolio management , Investments , Securities
- Description: This study was conducted to establish whether risk management strategies could be developed to enable stock market investment portfolio managers to reduce the risk involved in stock market trading. The awareness of stock market risk elevates the requirement for risk management strategies as discussed in Chapter 1. The research scope is identified, and an overview of the study gives further guidance as to what lies ahead. The theory behind macroeconomic forces and how they influence share prices is discussed in Chapter 2. It is established that market sectors and companies within those sectors react differently to macroeconomic forces. Technical analysis is discussed as a mechanism to identify buying and selling signals. In Chapter 3, risk management strategies are developed from the literature. The hypothesis of the study as described in Chapter 4 is that these risk management strategies are able to reduce the risk associated with trading in the stock market. The market simulation in Chapter 5 offers the opportunity to observe the risk management strategies at work in a simulated stock market investment portfolio. In Chapter 6, the outcome of the market simulation is compared to the criteria set in Chapter 4, and the conclusion that the risk management strategies were able to reduce the risk involved in stock market trading is drawn.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Grant, Peter
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Stocks , Risk management , Portfolio management , Investments , Securities
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10936 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/215 , Stocks , Risk management , Portfolio management , Investments , Securities
- Description: This study was conducted to establish whether risk management strategies could be developed to enable stock market investment portfolio managers to reduce the risk involved in stock market trading. The awareness of stock market risk elevates the requirement for risk management strategies as discussed in Chapter 1. The research scope is identified, and an overview of the study gives further guidance as to what lies ahead. The theory behind macroeconomic forces and how they influence share prices is discussed in Chapter 2. It is established that market sectors and companies within those sectors react differently to macroeconomic forces. Technical analysis is discussed as a mechanism to identify buying and selling signals. In Chapter 3, risk management strategies are developed from the literature. The hypothesis of the study as described in Chapter 4 is that these risk management strategies are able to reduce the risk associated with trading in the stock market. The market simulation in Chapter 5 offers the opportunity to observe the risk management strategies at work in a simulated stock market investment portfolio. In Chapter 6, the outcome of the market simulation is compared to the criteria set in Chapter 4, and the conclusion that the risk management strategies were able to reduce the risk involved in stock market trading is drawn.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Livelihood benefits from the local level commercialization of savanna resources: a case study of the new and expanding trade in marula (Sclerocarya birrea) beer in Bushbuckridge, South Africa
- Authors: Shackleton, Sheona E
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6649 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007060
- Description: In the face of economic hardship and poverty, rural people in South Africa and globally are increasingly turning to the natural resource base to generate income. One product that has recently entered into local commercial markets is a traditional alcoholic beverage brewed from the fruits of Sclerocarya birrea (marula), commonly known as marula beer. It was rarely traded in the past due to customary taboos prohibiting its sale. In Bushbuckridge, Limpopo province, rural women have been selling marula beer in the business centres of the district and along the roadside since 1998. A survey of these markets was undertaken in 2002, to discover the commercialization process involved, from raw material harvesting to marketing, and to assess the importance of the trade for household livelihoods and poverty alleviation. Fifty-one traders were interviewed, who indicated that the sale of marula beer provides a vital source of income to several hundred households from amongst the poorest sector of the Bushbuckridge community. Of particular importance were the low barriers of entry to the trade, as the resource is abundant and freely accessible and there are few costs to produce marula beer. Incomes earned were modest, averaging a net R500 per season, and highly seasonal, but came at a critical point in the household calendar, after the festive season and when cash was required for the new school year. Income bridging, livelihood diversification, and the provision of a safety net for the poorest members of society are some of the key benefits of the beer trade.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Shackleton, Sheona E
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6649 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007060
- Description: In the face of economic hardship and poverty, rural people in South Africa and globally are increasingly turning to the natural resource base to generate income. One product that has recently entered into local commercial markets is a traditional alcoholic beverage brewed from the fruits of Sclerocarya birrea (marula), commonly known as marula beer. It was rarely traded in the past due to customary taboos prohibiting its sale. In Bushbuckridge, Limpopo province, rural women have been selling marula beer in the business centres of the district and along the roadside since 1998. A survey of these markets was undertaken in 2002, to discover the commercialization process involved, from raw material harvesting to marketing, and to assess the importance of the trade for household livelihoods and poverty alleviation. Fifty-one traders were interviewed, who indicated that the sale of marula beer provides a vital source of income to several hundred households from amongst the poorest sector of the Bushbuckridge community. Of particular importance were the low barriers of entry to the trade, as the resource is abundant and freely accessible and there are few costs to produce marula beer. Incomes earned were modest, averaging a net R500 per season, and highly seasonal, but came at a critical point in the household calendar, after the festive season and when cash was required for the new school year. Income bridging, livelihood diversification, and the provision of a safety net for the poorest members of society are some of the key benefits of the beer trade.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004