https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index en-us 5 https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:804 Wed 12 Oct 2022 11:53:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2181 Wed 12 May 2021 22:50:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1407 Wed 12 May 2021 22:43:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1892 Wed 12 May 2021 22:30:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5828 Wed 12 May 2021 20:52:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4804 Wed 12 May 2021 20:30:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2185 Wed 12 May 2021 20:22:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2704 Wed 12 May 2021 19:56:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20984 Wed 12 May 2021 19:53:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2751 Wed 12 May 2021 19:50:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5609 Wed 12 May 2021 19:43:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:719 Wed 12 May 2021 19:38:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2447 Wed 12 May 2021 19:37:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2272 Wed 12 May 2021 19:29:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3336 Wed 12 May 2021 19:16:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5606 50 km/h and were also significantly influenced by light conditions (i.e. detection success was greater when the sun was high) and the position of the roadkill on the road (i.e. smaller roadkill on verges were often missed). These results suggest that roadkill sampling was most effective between 1.5 hours after dawn and 1.5 hours before dusk and that driving at slower speeds (<50 km.h⁻ₑ) was required to detect roadkill. This protocol was implemented across three ecological seasons on a 100 km paved road and a 20 km unpaved road in the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Driven daily over a 120-day period (three periods consisting each of 40 days), a total of 1,027 roadkill were recorded. These comprised 162 species from all terrestrial vertebrate groups with birds being the most commonly encountered roadkill (50% of all incidents). The high numbers of vertebrates identified as roadkill suggests that road traffic could have potentially unsustainable impacts on wildlife populations and hence the biodiversity of the area. Seventeen variables were identified as possible determinants of roadkill occurrence with season, rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature, habitat type, grass height, grass density, fence type and vehicle type significantly influencing roadkill numbers. Significantly more roadkill were detected on the paved road (9.91/100km) than on the unpaved road (1.8/100km) probably because of greater traffic volumes and the increased speed that vehicles travelled on the paved road. Warmer temperatures and increased rainfall in the preceding 24 hours also increased road mortality numbers as animals tended to become more active during these times. Interestingly, more roadkill was detected in open roadside habitats compared to dense roadside habitats on both the paved and unpaved roads and when grass on the roadside verge was of intermediate height. Open habitat possibly may provide a natural corridor for wildlife which ultimately end up on the road. Roadkill numbers increased when certain other physical barriers, such as cattle fences, were present, probably because these barriers were more penetrable than electric fencing. A series of mitigation measures are proposed to reduce the impacts of roads on wildlife in South Africa. These mitigation measures highlight the need to address the balance between the development of a country’s transport infrastructure and the conservation of its fauna. It is important that research on the impacts of roads becomes standardised to enable robust statistical comparisons which will provide a greater understanding of the potential threats to vertebrate biodiversity]]> Wed 12 May 2021 19:11:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4280 Wed 12 May 2021 19:10:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1389 Wed 12 May 2021 19:03:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5610 Wed 12 May 2021 18:41:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4575 Wed 12 May 2021 18:39:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4741 Wed 12 May 2021 18:16:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5963 Wed 12 May 2021 17:48:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:856 Wed 12 May 2021 17:44:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5203 Wed 12 May 2021 17:21:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1187 Wed 12 May 2021 17:20:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4284 Wed 12 May 2021 17:16:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2253 Wed 12 May 2021 17:09:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3133 Wed 12 May 2021 17:04:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3875 Wed 12 May 2021 16:04:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4731 Wed 12 May 2021 15:58:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6052 Wed 12 May 2021 15:55:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1402 Wed 12 May 2021 15:55:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5967 Wed 12 May 2021 15:47:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29292 Wed 08 May 2024 18:19:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5961 Tue 21 May 2024 08:05:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3616 Thu 13 May 2021 09:56:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4740 Thu 13 May 2021 08:16:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2390 Thu 13 May 2021 08:05:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4727 Thu 13 May 2021 07:40:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1905 Thu 13 May 2021 07:04:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:874 Thu 13 May 2021 06:49:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4728 Thu 13 May 2021 06:21:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1396 Thu 13 May 2021 06:16:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5962 Thu 13 May 2021 06:14:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1907 Thu 13 May 2021 05:39:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27549 Thu 13 May 2021 05:39:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1403 Thu 13 May 2021 05:31:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4730 Thu 13 May 2021 04:47:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3555 Thu 13 May 2021 04:42:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5585 Thu 13 May 2021 04:38:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4733 Thu 13 May 2021 04:22:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1384 Thu 13 May 2021 04:16:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:930 Thu 13 May 2021 03:49:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1072 Thu 13 May 2021 03:35:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2106 Thu 13 May 2021 03:30:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5964 Thu 13 May 2021 02:28:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5968 Thu 13 May 2021 02:20:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5584 0.05 in all cases). Results of the stable isotope study indicated that the mean δ¹³C of the shrimps in the lower, middle and upper reaches were -12.4 (± 1.3) ‰, -15.6 (± 0.5) ‰ and -17.5 (± 0.5) ‰, respectively. The δ¹⁵N isotopes of the shrimps in the lower reach was 11.6 (± 0.5) ‰ with middle and upper reaches having similar δ¹⁵N values, 13.5 (± 0.4) ‰ and 13.4 (± 0.4) ‰, respectively. There was no significant difference in the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N isotope (p > 0.05) between the sexes of the shrimps. Two-way ANOVA indicated a significant difference in the δ¹³C isotope of the shrimps between the sites (p < 0.05). The difference in the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N ratios of the shrimps suggests spatial variability in the diet of P. peringueyi within the Kariega Estuary. The diet of the shrimps in the lower reach is primarily composed of Nanozostera capensis epibionts. In the middle reach the diet of the shrimps is likely comprised of the detritus of benthic algae. In the upper reach of the estuary, P. peringueyi likely derives its carbon from a combination of epibionts, benthic algae and detritus derived from Codium.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 02:12:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3132 Thu 13 May 2021 01:55:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:843 Thu 13 May 2021 01:35:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3662 Thu 13 May 2021 01:26:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2871 Thu 13 May 2021 01:26:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5182 Thu 13 May 2021 01:18:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5386 Thu 13 May 2021 01:05:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1834 Thu 13 May 2021 00:49:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5966 Thu 13 May 2021 00:08:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6499 Thu 11 Aug 2022 07:01:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3504 Mon 26 Aug 2024 15:47:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3614 Fri 23 Aug 2024 12:25:51 SAST ]]>