https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5100 Wed 12 Oct 2022 11:53:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10437 Wed 12 May 2021 23:34:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4288 Wed 12 May 2021 23:05:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4573 Wed 12 May 2021 23:02:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4895 Wed 12 May 2021 22:59:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4576 Wed 12 May 2021 22:57:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4577 Wed 12 May 2021 22:35:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5341 Wed 12 May 2021 22:32:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10349 Wed 12 May 2021 22:25:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10420 Wed 12 May 2021 22:18:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10725 Wed 12 May 2021 21:04:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10584 Wed 12 May 2021 20:58:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39465 Wed 12 May 2021 20:54:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5828 Wed 12 May 2021 20:52:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4804 Wed 12 May 2021 20:30:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4914 Wed 12 May 2021 20:29:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10435 Wed 12 May 2021 20:27:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5136 Wed 12 May 2021 20:25:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3883 Wed 12 May 2021 20:23:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10639 Wed 12 May 2021 20:14:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10434 Wed 12 May 2021 20:09:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5611 Wed 12 May 2021 20:02:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4285 Wed 12 May 2021 19:56:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5102 Wed 12 May 2021 19:54:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20984 Wed 12 May 2021 19:53:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10165 Wed 12 May 2021 19:31:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9428 Wed 12 May 2021 19:26:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4734 Wed 12 May 2021 19:22:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4732 Wed 12 May 2021 19:21:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4156 Wed 12 May 2021 19:13:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5606 50 km/h and were also significantly influenced by light conditions (i.e. detection success was greater when the sun was high) and the position of the roadkill on the road (i.e. smaller roadkill on verges were often missed). These results suggest that roadkill sampling was most effective between 1.5 hours after dawn and 1.5 hours before dusk and that driving at slower speeds (<50 km.h⁻ₑ) was required to detect roadkill. This protocol was implemented across three ecological seasons on a 100 km paved road and a 20 km unpaved road in the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Driven daily over a 120-day period (three periods consisting each of 40 days), a total of 1,027 roadkill were recorded. These comprised 162 species from all terrestrial vertebrate groups with birds being the most commonly encountered roadkill (50% of all incidents). The high numbers of vertebrates identified as roadkill suggests that road traffic could have potentially unsustainable impacts on wildlife populations and hence the biodiversity of the area. Seventeen variables were identified as possible determinants of roadkill occurrence with season, rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature, habitat type, grass height, grass density, fence type and vehicle type significantly influencing roadkill numbers. Significantly more roadkill were detected on the paved road (9.91/100km) than on the unpaved road (1.8/100km) probably because of greater traffic volumes and the increased speed that vehicles travelled on the paved road. Warmer temperatures and increased rainfall in the preceding 24 hours also increased road mortality numbers as animals tended to become more active during these times. Interestingly, more roadkill was detected in open roadside habitats compared to dense roadside habitats on both the paved and unpaved roads and when grass on the roadside verge was of intermediate height. Open habitat possibly may provide a natural corridor for wildlife which ultimately end up on the road. Roadkill numbers increased when certain other physical barriers, such as cattle fences, were present, probably because these barriers were more penetrable than electric fencing. A series of mitigation measures are proposed to reduce the impacts of roads on wildlife in South Africa. These mitigation measures highlight the need to address the balance between the development of a country’s transport infrastructure and the conservation of its fauna. It is important that research on the impacts of roads becomes standardised to enable robust statistical comparisons which will provide a greater understanding of the potential threats to vertebrate biodiversity]]> Wed 12 May 2021 19:11:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4280 Wed 12 May 2021 19:10:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10509 Wed 12 May 2021 19:09:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5137 Wed 12 May 2021 19:07:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5135 Wed 12 May 2021 19:05:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4157 Wed 12 May 2021 18:59:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21097 Wed 12 May 2021 18:56:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20494 Wed 12 May 2021 18:55:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5608 Wed 12 May 2021 18:53:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10441 Wed 12 May 2021 18:40:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4575 Wed 12 May 2021 18:39:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:18486 Wed 12 May 2021 17:24:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5203 Wed 12 May 2021 17:21:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4284 Wed 12 May 2021 17:16:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4283 Wed 12 May 2021 17:16:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9718 Wed 12 May 2021 17:10:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10673 Wed 12 May 2021 17:07:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5434 Wed 12 May 2021 16:43:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5447 Wed 12 May 2021 16:26:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3875 Wed 12 May 2021 16:04:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4731 Wed 12 May 2021 15:58:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10642 Wed 12 May 2021 15:48:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5607 Tue 15 Aug 2023 10:51:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3733 Thu 13 May 2021 12:37:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3884 Thu 13 May 2021 08:52:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4739 Thu 13 May 2021 08:48:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3886 20% of its initial activity after 9 consecutive reuse cycles. When exposed to fixed concentrations of carbofuran or demeton-S-methyl sulfone, immobilised acetylcholinesterase showed similar inhibition characteristics to that of the free enzyme. The decrease in enzyme activity observed after immobilisation to the nanofibres may have been due to several reasons which include some enzyme molecules being immobilised in structural conformations which reduced substrate access to the catalytic site, participation of the catalytic residues in immobilisation and enzyme denaturation due to the reaction conditions used for acetylcholinesterase immobilisation. Similar observations have been widely reported in literature and this is one of the major drawbacks of enzyme immobilisation. In conclusion, nylon-6:chitosan electrospun nanofibres were shown to be suitable supports for facile acetylcholinesterase immobilisation and the immobilised enzyme has potential for use in pesticide detection. Future recommendations for this study include a comparative study of the GA cross-linking method for AChE immobilisation which will lead to more intensely bound enzyme molecules to prevent non-specific binding. An investigation into the effect of inhibitors on stored immobilised AChE, as well as reactivation and reuse studies, may also be useful for determining the cost-effectiveness of reusing immobilised AChE for pesticide detection in environmental water samples. Several models have been designed for the determination of the kinetic parameters for immobilised enzymes. These take into account the mass transfer resistance as well as the overall charge of the immobilisation matrix. The use of these models to analyse experimental data will give a clear understanding of the effects of immobilisation on enzyme activity]]> Thu 13 May 2021 08:19:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4740 Thu 13 May 2021 08:16:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10753 Thu 13 May 2021 08:10:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5398 Thu 13 May 2021 08:09:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4287 0.99. In the column experiment the highest loading capacity of Pt and Pd were 7.4 mg/g and 4.3 mg/g respectively on the nanofiber sorbent material based on ethylenediamine (EDA). The polystyrene and silica-based resins with triethylenetetramine (TETA) functionality (M-TETA and S-TETA) showed selectivity for platinum and palladium, respectively. Metal chlorido complexes loaded on the sorbent materials were recovered by using 3% m/v thiourea solution as teh eluting agent with quantitative desorption efficiency under the selected experimental conditions. The separation of platinum from palladium was partially achieved by selective stripping of PtCl₆²⁻ with 0.5 M of NaClO₄ in 1.0 M HCI with PdCl₄²⁻ was eluted with 0.5 M thiourea in 1.0 M HCI. The selectivity of the M-TETA and S-TETA sorbent materials was proved by column separation of platinum(IV) and palladium(II), respectively, from synthetic solutions containing iridium(IV) and rhodium(III). The loading capacity for platinum on M-TETA was 0.09 mg/g while it was 0.27 mg/g for palladium on S-TETA.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 07:36:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9713 Thu 13 May 2021 07:33:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1150 Thu 13 May 2021 06:56:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6044 Thu 13 May 2021 06:55:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10578 Thu 13 May 2021 06:46:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4533 Thu 13 May 2021 06:26:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5199 Thu 13 May 2021 06:23:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4703 Thu 13 May 2021 06:20:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3885 Thu 13 May 2021 06:10:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9673 Thu 13 May 2021 06:04:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3897 Thu 13 May 2021 05:43:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10347 Thu 13 May 2021 05:33:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10674 Thu 13 May 2021 05:27:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9715 Thu 13 May 2021 05:10:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4128 Thu 13 May 2021 04:58:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4730 Thu 13 May 2021 04:47:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10454 Thu 13 May 2021 04:40:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10729 Thu 13 May 2021 04:40:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5178 Thu 13 May 2021 03:56:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5583 0.05 in all cases). Numerical analyses failed to identify any effect of the sandprawn density on the macrofaunal community structure. The rate of bioturbation was, however, strongly correlated to the sand prawn density. Similarly, the microphytobenthic alga concentrations were significantly negatively correlated to the sand prawn densities ((P < 0.05). The absence of any distinct impact of the sandprawn on the macrobenthic community structure appeared to be related to their low densities in the lower reach of the estuary during the study. To better understand the role of the sandprawn as an ecosystem engineer, a caging experiment was conducted using inclusion and exclusion treatments (n= 5 for each treatment). Densities of the sandprawn in the inclusion treatments (80 ind m⁻²) were in the range of the natural densities within the estuary. The experiment was conducted over a period of 18 weeks in the lower reach of the estuary during summer. The presence of the sandprawn, C kraussi, contributed to a significant decrease in the microphytobenthic algal concentrations and the abundance and biomass of the macrofauna (P < 0.05 in all cases). The decrease in the microphytobenthic algal concentrations in the presence of the sandprawn appeared to be related to the res-suspension of the sediments (bioturbation) generated by the burrowing and feeding activities of the sandprawn. The observed decrease in macrofaunal abundances and biomass in the inclusion treatments appeared to be mediated by both the decreased food availability (mainly the microphytobenthic algae) and the burial of organisms within the sediments. Numerical analysis indicated that the sandprawn did, however, not contribute to a change in the species composition of the macrofauna. Results of the current study indicate that C.kraussi plays an important role in structuring the invertebrate community and energy flow within temporarily/open closed Kasouga Estuary.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 03:41:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10431 Thu 13 May 2021 03:29:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10105 Thu 13 May 2021 03:27:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3896 Thu 13 May 2021 03:24:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10675 NE, but a NW dyke trend is also common. The dominant joints in the TMG trend NNW > WSW and the GVS joints trend WNW > NNE and others. The GVS and HOD orientations appear strongly correlated, while TMG shows no simple orientation correlation with GVS and HOD. The lack of correlation is attributed to the TMG‘s formation in different host-rocks with variable anisotropy and/or the presence of different mechanical processes acting at a different time in geological history. All mapped dykes and joints were analysed to test for fractal geometry. The fractal dimension results of about 18605 HOD dykes from microscopic to mega scale (0.1 mm – 100 km) shows fractal patterns that range between Df = 1.1 to 1.9; and the fractal dimension of about 1716 joints in the TMG and about 1026 joints in the GVS at all scales range between ca. Df = 1.6 to 1.9. The similarity of the fractal patterns indicates that joints and dykes may have formed in response to similar tectonic stress events; and similar orientations may indicate that joints pre-dated the dyke intrusions. However, the data also indicate that dykes are not always related to pre-existing joints.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 02:54:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5101 Thu 13 May 2021 02:37:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:18485 Thu 13 May 2021 02:32:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10724 Thu 13 May 2021 02:27:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5584 0.05 in all cases). Results of the stable isotope study indicated that the mean δ¹³C of the shrimps in the lower, middle and upper reaches were -12.4 (± 1.3) ‰, -15.6 (± 0.5) ‰ and -17.5 (± 0.5) ‰, respectively. The δ¹⁵N isotopes of the shrimps in the lower reach was 11.6 (± 0.5) ‰ with middle and upper reaches having similar δ¹⁵N values, 13.5 (± 0.4) ‰ and 13.4 (± 0.4) ‰, respectively. There was no significant difference in the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N isotope (p > 0.05) between the sexes of the shrimps. Two-way ANOVA indicated a significant difference in the δ¹³C isotope of the shrimps between the sites (p < 0.05). The difference in the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N ratios of the shrimps suggests spatial variability in the diet of P. peringueyi within the Kariega Estuary. The diet of the shrimps in the lower reach is primarily composed of Nanozostera capensis epibionts. In the middle reach the diet of the shrimps is likely comprised of the detritus of benthic algae. In the upper reach of the estuary, P. peringueyi likely derives its carbon from a combination of epibionts, benthic algae and detritus derived from Codium.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 02:12:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:18487 Thu 13 May 2021 02:07:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4572 Thu 13 May 2021 02:07:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10572 Thu 13 May 2021 01:59:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3890 Thu 13 May 2021 01:56:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1133 Thu 13 May 2021 01:33:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4913 Thu 13 May 2021 01:27:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4615 Thu 13 May 2021 01:24:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10564 Thu 13 May 2021 01:14:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10493 Thu 13 May 2021 01:14:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4137 Thu 13 May 2021 00:54:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9725 Thu 13 May 2021 00:39:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9672 Thu 13 May 2021 00:17:39 SAST ]]>