https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:50037 Wed 20 Apr 2022 08:37:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29476 Wed 13 Mar 2024 11:08:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28810 Wed 12 May 2021 23:39:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27414 Wed 12 May 2021 23:14:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21213 Wed 12 May 2021 23:13:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27176 Wed 12 May 2021 23:12:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27359 Wed 12 May 2021 22:58:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28260 Wed 12 May 2021 22:54:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28716 Wed 12 May 2021 22:51:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21204 Wed 12 May 2021 22:31:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27210 Wed 12 May 2021 20:57:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27585 Wed 12 May 2021 20:34:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20918 Wed 12 May 2021 20:23:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27238 Wed 12 May 2021 20:11:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21216 Wed 12 May 2021 19:49:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28717 Wed 12 May 2021 19:14:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:25532 Wed 12 May 2021 19:09:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28971 Wed 12 May 2021 18:56:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27395 Wed 12 May 2021 18:54:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29148 Wed 12 May 2021 18:49:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:25036 Wed 12 May 2021 18:42:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:25402 Wed 12 May 2021 18:34:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27595 Wed 12 May 2021 18:22:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27426 Wed 12 May 2021 18:16:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27208 Wed 12 May 2021 18:12:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20750 Wed 12 May 2021 17:59:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20797 Wed 12 May 2021 17:55:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38619 Wed 12 May 2021 17:47:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:25029 Wed 12 May 2021 17:44:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21259 10 kg) carnivores has resulted in a variety of conservation measures being put into practice to prevent extinctions. The establishment of predator-proof fences around protected areas has been a successful tool for reducing human-predator conflict. Furthermore, the re-introduction of large carnivores into small (< 1 000 km²), enclosed reserves has aided in the conservation of many species. Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and lions (Panthera leo) have benefitted from such re-introductions. The re-introduction of cheetahs before lions into the Mountain Zebra National Park (MZNP) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa provided a unique opportunity to study the effects of lions on an already established cheetah population. Spatial data were downloaded remotely from GPS collared individuals (n=4) and cheetah kill data were collected using the GPS cluster method before (2012-2013) and after (2013-2014) the lion (n=3) re-introduction. The same methods were used for lion kill data collection once they had been re-introduced. In general, cheetah home range size did not change after the lion re-introduction. Cheetahs selected areas with a combination of open and closed vegetation covers, while lions selected either open or closed areas of vegetation covers. In addition, as vegetation cover became thicker, the presence of cheetahs decreased. The cheetahs preyed upon seven species before and 11 species after the lion re-introduction. Medium sized prey comprised the bulk of the cheetah diet with kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) and springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) being the preferred species both before and after the lion re-introduction. The lion diets consisted of medium to large sized prey, with the male lions selecting eland (Tragelaphus oryx) and buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and the lioness selecting red hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus). The cheetahs had no significant dietary overlap with the lions and there was only one record of kleptoparasitism. The results of my study indicate that cheetahs are able to co-exist with lions when lions are at low densities in an enclosed reserve. The cheetahs did not experience landscape-level displacement because they made fine-scale adjustments to avoid lions within their environment. This adaptability may have important management implications for future re-introductions of cheetahs into enclosed game reserves.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 17:37:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27183 Wed 12 May 2021 17:35:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20990 Wed 12 May 2021 17:33:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27181 Wed 12 May 2021 17:29:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27184 Wed 12 May 2021 17:26:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29459 Wed 12 May 2021 17:20:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29467 Wed 12 May 2021 17:14:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29468 Wed 12 May 2021 16:48:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33907 0.05) to control in the final stage, whilst birds in T3 was the poorest (P<0.05). Furthermore, birds subjected to T2 showed no differences of edible carcass portions to the control, however, T3 group showed lower (P<0.05) slaughter and wing weights. Breast ultimate pH values of birds under T2 were similar to control, but birds in T3 had significantly higher (P<0.05) values. Birds under T2 had less (P<0.05) reddish breast meat colour than control at 45 minutes. At 24 hours post-mortem, birds in T3 had lower (P<0.05) lightness values and birds submitted to T2 had higher (P<0.05) yellowness values. Liver weight was significantly lower in birds under T3 and higher (P<0.05) gizzard weights were found in birds subjected to T2. Birds under T2 performed similar to control and were able to compensate for the weight loss when high plane of feed was re-introduced. It can be concluded from the results that restricting 15 percent of feed from Cobb 500 standard feed intake had moderately affected broiler performance. Moreover, restricting 15percent of feed significantly reduced feed intake in broiler chicken.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 16:43:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20747 Wed 12 May 2021 16:34:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29461 Wed 12 May 2021 16:26:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28715 Wed 12 May 2021 16:17:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21281 Wed 12 May 2021 16:15:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27221 Wed 12 May 2021 15:52:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38000 Wed 12 May 2021 15:51:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27217 Wed 12 May 2021 15:45:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40660 Wed 12 May 2021 14:40:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:45108 Tue 05 Mar 2024 12:13:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:44270 Thu 26 Aug 2021 05:19:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35429 Thu 25 Apr 2024 16:12:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35249 0.05). However, this growth was associated with a significantly higher (P < 0.05) food conversion ratio (FCR) of 19.16 vs 18.11 for Cowpea and Lablab, respectively. The apparent DM, non structural carbohydrate (NSC) nutrient digestibilities were significantly different (P < 0.05) for Lablab and Cowpea. Furthermore sex of animal influenced significantly (P < 0.05) the DM, ADF, NSC and NDF digestibilities. Lablab and Cowpea did not influence (P > 0.05) individual VFA molar concentrations in both sexes. However, animals fed Lablab had significantly higher butyrate concentrations (P < 0.05). Lablab and Cowpea forages significantly lowered (P > 0.05) enteric methane production in goats compared to a concentrate diet, and this was related to animal activity. Animals produced significantly more (P < 0.05) methane gas when ruminating than feeding or just standing. The average methane produced each year was lower but not significant (P > 0.05) for animals fed Cowpea than Lablab (4.602kg CH4, vs. 4.719kg CH4) when expressed per year. Male animals produced more gas than females with values of 17.40L/day; 12.46 g/kg DMI and 0.126g/day vs. 15.47L/day, 12.28 g/kg DMI, and 0.0109g/day, respectively. Forage legumes had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on serum total proteins (TP), globulin, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma- glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations, but serum concentration of albumin was influenced by the diets (P < 0.05). Sex of animals significantly influenced ALP concentration (P < 0.05) with male animals exhibiting higer ALP values than females. Measured over time, the plasma concentration of urea and ALP significantly increased (P < 0.05) while creatinine and cholesterol concentration decreased (P < 0.05). Although the overall serum concentration of urea, total proteins, globulin, creatinine, ALT, ALP and GGT remained unchanged among the treatments and between sexes; treatment by sex, treatment by day and sex by day interactions were significant (P < 0.05). The white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), haemoglobin, haematocrite, platelet and mean platelet volume (MPV) levels were similar among treatments and between sexes (P > 0.05). The WBC decreased with time by 8.07 x10 9/l while mean crepuscular volume (MCV) increased by 11.83(fl) from day 15 to day 55. Treatment diets significantly (P < 0.05) influenced neutrophile (percent) content while sex influenced basophile (percent) content. There were no treatment or sex effects (P > 0.05) on lymphocytes (percent), monocytes (percent) and eosinophiles (percent). In the meat quality study, the dietary treatments and sex had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on dressing out percent (DPpercent), initial pH, redness (a*), yellowness (b*), Warner Blartze Shear force (WBS) , drip loss and cooking loss in the chevon from Xhosa goats. Compared with a commercial pellet diet, Lablab and Cowpea diets resulted in similar slaughter body weights (SBW), hot carcass weight (HCW) and cold dressed mass (CDM) of carcasses. However, female animals exhibited a significantly (P < 0.05) higher DPpercent than male animals (42.3percent vs. 38.9percent) for all treatments. The male animals exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher pH values one hour after slaughter than females (5.79 vs 5.67). Neverthreless the diet and gender did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect the ultimate pH (pHu). Meat samples from male animals had significantly (P < 0.05) higher redness values than females. Feeding cowpea significantly (P < 0.05) increased meat redness with the least drip loss of chevon. Female animals produced significantly (P < 0.05) tougher chevon compared to male animals; 4.16kg and 3.36kg for female and male, respectively. Lablab and Cowpea posses high CP levels and moderately lower NDF with high ADF values that influences dry matter intake (DMI), digestibility and growth of goats. These forage legumes meet animal requirements for fat, ADF, NDF, CP, Ca, Mn, zinc and Cu and their biomass yield is satisfactory.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 08:24:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27997 Thu 13 May 2021 07:43:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29096 Thu 13 May 2021 07:32:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31325 Thu 13 May 2021 07:29:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27239 Thu 13 May 2021 07:25:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35133 Thu 13 May 2021 07:24:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21208 Thu 13 May 2021 07:20:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29101 Thu 13 May 2021 07:13:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29448 Thu 13 May 2021 07:09:07 SAST ]]> 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