https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:43836 Wed 24 Apr 2024 13:51:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3925 Wed 12 May 2021 23:30:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1881 Wed 12 May 2021 23:29:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3293 Wed 12 May 2021 23:13:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2981 Wed 12 May 2021 23:12:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2722 Wed 12 May 2021 23:00:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1468 Wed 12 May 2021 22:56:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3800 Wed 12 May 2021 22:52:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3430 Wed 12 May 2021 22:30:24 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https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6828 Wed 12 May 2021 17:11:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27725 Wed 12 May 2021 16:34:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1684 Wed 12 May 2021 16:11:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2420 Wed 12 May 2021 16:04:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40360 Wed 12 May 2021 14:58:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51774 Wed 08 May 2024 15:40:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40297 Wed 07 Jul 2021 11:28:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:68615 Wed 04 Oct 2023 13:07:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38077 Tue 14 May 2024 15:03:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6353 Tue 14 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https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38180 Thu 16 May 2024 05:56:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:53451 Thu 16 May 2024 05:04:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1658 Thu 13 May 2021 16:20:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6787 Thu 13 May 2021 09:30:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3295 Thu 13 May 2021 08:49:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38310 Thu 13 May 2021 08:45:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6986 Thu 13 May 2021 08:10:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1463 Thu 13 May 2021 08:07:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5578 Thu 13 May 2021 08:05:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2347 Thu 13 May 2021 07:24:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4413 [M(2-OH-oVANPN)Xn] + HnX MX₂ + 2-OH-oVANPN (2:1) -> [Mn(2-OH-oVANPN)OH] + H₂X₂ MX₂ + (o-vanillin : diaminopropanol) (1:1) -> [M(1:1)X₂] MX₂ + (o-vanillin : diaminopropanol) (1:1) -> [M₃(1:1)X₄] M = Cu(II), Co(II) or Co(III); X = Cl; n = 1, 2. Their structural features have been deduced from their elemental analytical data, IR spectral data, and electronic spectral data. With the exception of {Cu₃(C₁₁H₁₄N₂O₃)(Cl)₄(H₂O)₆}(A4), the Cu(II) complexes were monomeric with 2-OH-oVANPN acting as a tetradentate ligand. A binuclear Co(II) complex, [Co₂(C₁₉H₁₉N₂O₅)(OH)] (B1), was synthesised and the rest of the Co(II) and Co(III) complexes were monomeric with chloride ions coordinating to the metal centre in some cases. Electronic data suggest that the cobalt(II) complexes have octahedral geometries and the copper(II) complexes have square planar structures – Co(III) is likely to be octahedral. Thermal analyses, which included the copper-block-method for determining sublimation temperatures, revealed that some copper(II) and cobalt(II) complexes are hygroscopic and sublime at 200 °C and below. DSC analyses of the Cu(II) complexes gave exotherms around 300 °C for complexes K[Cu(C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₅)(OH)]·2H₂O (A1) and [Cu(C₁₁H15N₂O₃)(Cl)₂]·2H₂O (A2) and above 400 °C for [Cu(C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₃)(Cl)₂] (A3) and {Cu₃(C₁₁H₁₄N₂O₃)(Cl)₄(H₂O)₆} (A4). Antioxidant studies were carried out against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·). The cobalt(II) complex, [Co₂(C₁₉H₁₉N₂O₅)(OH)] (B1), which was synthesized in the presence of KOH, had no antioxidant activity, whilst the other cobalt(II) complexes, [Co(C₁₇H₁₇N₂O₅(Cl))]·1½H₂O (B2), [Co(C₁₉H₂₂N₂O₅) (Cl)₂]·5½H₂O (B3) and [Co(C₁₉H₂₂N₂O₅)(Cl)₂]·5½H₂O (B4), which were synthesised in the absence of KOH, demonstrated antioxidant activity. The latter complexes are candidates for cancer cell line testing, while [Cu(C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₃)(Cl)₂] (A3), {Cu₃(C₁₁H₁₄N₂O₃)(Cl)₄(H₂O)₆} (A4), [Co(C₁₉H₂₁N₂O₅)(Cl)₂ ]·5H₂O (C2) and [Co(C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₅)(Cl)]·3H₂O (C3) may show anticancer activity through possible hydrolysis products. Most of the complexes synthesized displayed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The results indicated that complexes [Cu(C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₃)(Cl)₂](A3), [Co(C₁₉H₂₂N₂O₅)(Cl)₂]·5½H₂O (B3) and [Co(C₁₉H₂₁N₂O₅)(Cl)₂ ]·5H₂O (C2) are active against the Gram-negative Ps. aeruginosa and that the ligand, 2-OH-oVANPN, did not have any activity. The same trend was observed with 2-OH-oVANPN, {Cu₃(C₁₁H₁₄N₂O₃)(Cl)4(H₂O)₆} (A4) and [Co(C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₅)(Cl)]·3H₂O (C3) against the Gram-positive S. aureus. As for activity against E. coli and C. albicans, some complexes showed more activity than the ligand. There is an observed trend here that the metal complexes are more active (toxic) than the corresponding ligand, which is in agreement with Tweedy’s chelation theory.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 07:08:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2000 Thu 13 May 2021 07:08:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1641 Thu 13 May 2021 06:45:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3506 Thu 13 May 2021 06:44:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3470 Thu 13 May 2021 06:26:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1640 Thu 13 May 2021 06:16:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:963 Thu 13 May 2021 05:59:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6191 Thu 13 May 2021 05:15:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2415 Thu 13 May 2021 04:43:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1619 Thu 13 May 2021 04:19:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4294 Thu 13 May 2021 04:10:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3466 Thu 13 May 2021 04:05:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2721 Thu 13 May 2021 04:03:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3775 Thu 13 May 2021 03:40:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3449 Thu 13 May 2021 03:31:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2828 Thu 13 May 2021 03:21:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1737 Thu 13 May 2021 03:19:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4601 Thu 13 May 2021 03:06:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2717 Thu 13 May 2021 02:59:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5652 Thu 13 May 2021 02:19:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3861 Thu 13 May 2021 01:38:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6869 Thu 13 May 2021 01:21:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3458 Thu 13 May 2021 00:53:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5456 Thu 13 May 2021 00:26:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2929 Thu 13 May 2021 00:13:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73364 Thu 13 Jun 2024 13:02:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37932 Thu 09 May 2024 06:59:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2786 Thu 01 Feb 2024 09:54:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40631 Thu 01 Feb 2024 09:03:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:49709 Sun 10 Apr 2022 13:07:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6276 Sat 20 Apr 2024 08:37:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37974 Mon 29 Apr 2024 13:06:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35504 50cm total length was strongly biased towards females. There was reproductive activity throughout the year, peaking slightly between autumn and spring.]]> Mon 13 May 2024 14:52:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35472 Mon 13 May 2024 14:51:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35461 150 cm TL, >30 kg; Bruton 1976), long-lived (validated to at least 15 years, Weyl & Booth 2008) and fast-growing (Bruton & Allanson 1980; Quick & Bruton 1984; Richardson et al. 2009) fish that attains sexual maturity within two years of age (de Moor & Bruton 1988). It is eurythermic (80–35°C), mesohalic (0–10 ppt) and has the ability to airbreathe. These attributes predispose it to surviving in all but the most adverse of conditions and have directly contributed to its wide use as an aquaculture species. These attributes have also contributed to its ability to invade waterbodies beyond its natural range (de Moor & Bruton 1988) and after inadvertent introductions such as by escape from aquaculture facilities or through water transfer schemes, C. gariepinus has established populations in many non-native environments. Such invasions include the Philippines (Mercene 1997), Bangladesh (Arthur & Ahmed 2002), Thailand (Vidthayanon 2005), India (Bhakta & Bandyopadhyay 2007) and Brazil (Cambray 2005; Vitule et al. 2006; Rocha & Schiavetti 2007). In South Africa, C. gariepinus invaded the temperate Great Fish River catchment after the species was translocated from the Orange River through a Interbasin Water Transfer (IBWT) scheme (Laurenson et al. 1989). Potential threats include predation of and competition with indigenous species, habitat degradation, and the spread of diseases and parasites (Dudgeon et al. 2006).]]> Mon 13 May 2024 14:51:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35455 Mon 13 May 2024 14:50:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35600 Mon 13 May 2024 14:49:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40089 Mon 13 May 2024 09:20:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38652 Mon 13 May 2024 08:51:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6860 Fri 26 Apr 2024 11:26:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72482 Fri 17 May 2024 12:34:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1483 Fri 14 Jan 2022 09:58:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37953 Fri 10 May 2024 15:20:58 SAST ]]>