https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index en-us 5 https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20531 Wed 12 May 2021 23:48:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20528 = 50 million carats at >= 95% gem quality, for example, the Orange-Vaal dispersal, off the Kaapvaal craton in South Africa. On craton placers are residual, and transient placers are eroded and deposited into the exit drainage, while terminal placers, the final depositories of diamonds with the highest chances of being mega-placers are deposited into terminal basins like oceans and foreland basins. Though data is limited at the moment, the Umkondo conglomerates caratage is likely to run into hundreds of millions of carats, with a diamond gem content of between twenty and twenty-five percent, as is indicated from recent diamond production data. The greater part of the Umkondo diamonds are likely to be lodged beneath the deep gravels of the Middle and Lower Save River basin, because small remnant tilted mountain blocks and inselbergs forming the caps of hills are what remains of the host conglomerate on the western margin of the Umkondo Basin. Areas to be examined in this document will be the geology; the mode of formation of the Umkondo basin and its sedimentary system; the regional kimberlite exploration around the basin; and diamond production in the Marange diamond field, in order to come up with indications of the provenance of the diamonds within the Umkondo conglomerates. The kimberlite clusters in and around the Umkondo sedimentary basin have all proved to be barren or only nominally diamondiferous and that the kimberlites are between 200Ma and 500Ma and thus much younger than the greater than 1.1Ga Umkondo diamondiferous conglomerates. Studies so far undertaken have not managed to point to the origin, or provenance, of the Umkondo or Marange diamonds, which were discovered on the western edge of the Umkondo Basin and in the east of the basin below the Chimanimani Mountains along the Haroni River. This paper is an attempt to clear up some of the misconceptions surrounding the Marange diamond deposit and to raise interest in the urgent rquirement to study and understand the Umkondo Basin and the origin of its diamonds. The only meaningful studies on diamond occurrence and diamond exploration of the basin were undertaken from 1996 to 2006 by Kimberlitic Searches Zimbabwe (Pvt) Ltd, the then Zimbabwe kimberlite exploration arm of De Beers, Zimbabwe, in their quest to find kimberlites, which were thought to be related to the Umkondo alluvial diamond deposit. As will be shown in the following chapters, many of the discovered kimberlites range from very low grade to non-diamondiferous, and are much younger than the Umkondo conglomerates, whose diamonds are in turn a great deal older. Thus the basic question concerning the origin or provenance of the Umkondo placer diamonds still remains unresolved. Because of the sheer size of the basin, modern, wide-area-coverage, geophysical exploration methods become appropriate to effectively generate diamond potential targets for further examination. This document will attempt to collate various data available to paint a true picture of the state of exploration within the Umkondo Basin.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 23:46:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26680 Wed 12 May 2021 23:40:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20525 Wed 12 May 2021 23:28:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20354 Wed 12 May 2021 23:22:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20536 Wed 12 May 2021 23:19:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20011 Wed 12 May 2021 23:04:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20344 Wed 12 May 2021 22:44:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:25975 Wed 12 May 2021 22:43:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20538 Wed 12 May 2021 22:36:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20336 Wed 12 May 2021 22:28:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19959 Wed 12 May 2021 22:22:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5177 Wed 12 May 2021 20:29:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20352 Wed 12 May 2021 20:00:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26591 Wed 12 May 2021 20:00:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19957 Wed 12 May 2021 19:55:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5943 Wed 12 May 2021 19:50:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20343 Wed 12 May 2021 19:39:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20380 Wed 12 May 2021 19:20:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20014 Wed 12 May 2021 19:13:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5951 Wed 12 May 2021 19:07:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5947 Wed 12 May 2021 19:05:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26592 Wed 12 May 2021 19:00:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4789 Wed 12 May 2021 18:41:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20532 Wed 12 May 2021 18:33:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28598 Wed 12 May 2021 18:27:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20347 Wed 12 May 2021 18:22:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20342 Wed 12 May 2021 18:22:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20379 Wed 12 May 2021 17:45:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20350 Wed 12 May 2021 17:31:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20376 Wed 12 May 2021 17:27:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5946 Wed 12 May 2021 17:18:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4724 Wed 12 May 2021 17:13:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20526 0.05) over the course of assessment when compared to the control. Eccentric hamstrings peak torque observed significant improvements (p<0.05) of between 5.72 and 12.82 % within the intervention group, while the countermovement jump indicated a significant 15.59 % increase (p<0.05). Additionally, the functional ratio and the eccentric utilization ratio both indicated no significant changes (p>0.05), with a 2.48-7.66 % and 5.33 % improvement noted following completion of assessment. Conclusion: Isokinetic responses at baseline observed decreased quadriceps strength, and increased hamstring strength when compared to both amateur and professional populations examined in previous studies, for both isokinetic testing speeds. Additionally, performance measures indicated similar responses to other amateur populations. Regarding the intervention, significant improvements in eccentric hamstring peak torque and countermovement jump indicate the partial success of the present intervention. Additionally, while the functional ratio and eccentric utilization ratio reported no significant changes, improvements were noted within the intervention group while the control noted no change. The Nordic hamstring lower therefore resulted in strength improvements within the eccentric hamstrings, reported as a significant factor for injury risk, however, such changes were not sufficient to significantly impact the functional ratio. It can be concluded that community based programs within South Africa have the potential to be effective; however, there are many barriers to implementation, including, language, ethnic and cultural differences, while a lack of resources and infrastructure play a significant role in a lack of development. More research of this nature is required to provide scientific support for structures and guidelines for the peri-urban community based South African player, to ensure the efficacy of internationally successful interventions such as the Nordic exercise.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 17:09:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20285 Wed 12 May 2021 16:46:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28554 Wed 12 May 2021 16:45:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20537 Wed 12 May 2021 16:13:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28542 Wed 12 May 2021 16:09:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20348 Wed 12 May 2021 16:06:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4172 Wed 12 May 2021 16:06:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20503 Wed 12 May 2021 16:03:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20372 0.05 The opposite effect, though barely noticeable was recorded for lantana variety 018; here, the dry weights of individual plant parts and as whole plants weighed more in the plants exposed to both densities of weevil feeding and galling after 70 days, compared to its controls. Coelocephalapion camarae herbivory may thus be more effective in inflicting damage on some L. camara varieties compared to others. The effects of late season carbohydrate storage revealed that, from early- to mid-autumn starch concentrations increased significantly in stems of both L. camara varieties and L. camara var. 018 had larger starch reserves for winter. In L. camara var. 018 stems, starch increased 52 times and concentrations doubled in stems of L. camara var 017. The increase in the sugar and decrease in starch concentrations in leaves of plants of both varieties exposed to apionids in this study was attributed to a possible reduction of available nitrogen and phosphorus, due to apionid feeding, whilst starch was reallocated within the plants to stems and roots. The increase in starch concentrations in stems of plants that were exposed to apionids may have been expected, as compensation for herbivory has been associated with, increases in photosynthetic rates and the mobilization of stored resources. Herbivory by the apionid early in the growing season may be easily compensated for by L. camara as there are nutrient flushes experienced by plants that allows the maximum uptake of nutrients facilitating recovery, whereas later in the season plants suffer lower nutrient availability and don’t recover so readily. Both early and late in the season the accumulated effects of C. camarae feeding over time will undoubtedly decrease fitness of most lantana varieties.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 15:52:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20351 Wed 12 Jul 2023 19:04:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20381 Thu 29 Sep 2022 14:28:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20338 Thu 23 Jun 2022 11:24:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20319 Thu 16 Mar 2023 12:59:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20714 Thu 13 May 2021 14:04:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20012 Thu 13 May 2021 12:50:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20534 Thu 13 May 2021 12:05:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20314 Thu 13 May 2021 08:44:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5945 Thu 13 May 2021 08:18:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20355 Thu 13 May 2021 08:11:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20501 Thu 13 May 2021 07:40:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20331 Thu 13 May 2021 07:35:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20533 Thu 13 May 2021 07:05:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20500 Thu 13 May 2021 07:01:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20393 Thu 13 May 2021 06:58:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5387 Thu 13 May 2021 06:57:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5390 0.05). After prolonged irrigation with treated BE, sodium is likely to build up in the soil and this can be expected to be accompanied by a deterioration in the soil physical structure. However, crops species such as millet (Echinochloa esculenta), lucerne (Medicago sativa) and saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) reduced the build-up of sodium in the soil. The results suggest that sodium was mainly removed from the soil through plant-assisted leaching. Of the crops grown, lucerne showed the most promise because it improved the soil physical properties, is able to grow well in alkaline environments, is a popular fodder crop and can be harvested multiple times from a single stand. Brewery effluent is more suitable for soil production systems than hydroponic production systems because the soil was able to act as a buffer against the high pH of post-AD BE, whereas in a hydroponics systems the high pH reduced the availability of key minerals to plants. In conclusion brewery effluent contains sufficient plants nutrients to support the growth of cabbages, saltbush, lucerne and millet. However the sodium content of BE is a concern as it accumulates in the soil, and in the long-term it may lead to soil degradation. It is suggested that the brewery change the pH neutralising treatment of BE from sodium hydroxide to potassium hydroxide, or dolomitic lime (calcium and magnesium carbonate) because this would reduce the introduction of sodium into the system, and would increase the suitability of BE for crop production, given potassium and calcium are plant nutrients. The benefits of developing this nutrient and water resource could contribute to cost-reductions at the brewery, more efficient water, nutrient and energy management, create job opportunities with the potential of improving food security in the local community.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 06:50:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20527 Thu 13 May 2021 06:42:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5581 Thu 13 May 2021 06:37:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20383 Thu 13 May 2021 06:26:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29391 Thu 13 May 2021 06:19:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20023 Thu 13 May 2021 06:09:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19954 Thu 13 May 2021 05:29:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6056 Thu 13 May 2021 05:14:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4894 Thu 13 May 2021 04:52:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20316 Thu 13 May 2021 04:32:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4275 Thu 13 May 2021 04:15:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28592 Thu 13 May 2021 03:43:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28599 Thu 13 May 2021 03:29:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20470 Thu 13 May 2021 02:38:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20529 Thu 13 May 2021 02:37:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20349 Thu 13 May 2021 02:36:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20007 Thu 13 May 2021 02:15:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20021 Thu 13 May 2021 02:05:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20010 Thu 13 May 2021 02:01:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28555 Thu 13 May 2021 01:46:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20353 Thu 13 May 2021 01:43:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20530 Thu 13 May 2021 01:29:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20502 Thu 13 May 2021 01:16:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20392 Thu 13 May 2021 00:53:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20535 Thu 13 May 2021 00:23:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20545 Thu 13 May 2021 00:00:25 SAST ]]>