https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index en-us 5 https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5127 30kg.m-2), as well as according to measures of waist circumference (WC) and body composition. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and type II diabetes, were grouped as cardiovascular (CV) risks. Hypertension was defined as a blood pressure greater than 140/90mmHg (JNC-7); hypercholesterolemia, as total cholesterol greater than 6.2mmol.L-1 (NCEP); and type II diabetes, as total glucose greater than 12mmol.L-1 (WHO). Physical activity, diet, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption and dependence were grouped as lifestyle-related risks. These were assessed by means of self-reporting through the use of various validated questionnaires. Finally, self-reporting of obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and type II diabetes was assessed, in addition to perception questions on individuals’ perceived body shape and size (Ziebland figures). Self-reported and perceived responses were then compared to actual measures. Females were significantly (p<0.001) heavier than the males (92.7kg compared to 72.1kg) and had significantly (p<0.001) higher BMIs than their male counterparts (37.6kg.m-2 compared to 25.7 kg.-2). They also recorded significantly (p<0.001) higher waist circumference (WC) values and had significantly (p<0.001) higher percentage and total body fat. Significantly (p<0.001) more females were obese (81%) compared to males (17%). While a higher percentage of males (25 % compared to 22%) presented with stage I hypertension (≥140/90mmHg, <160/95mmHg), significantly (p<0.05) more females (14% compared to 8%) presented with stage II hypertension (>160/95mmHg). The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia at a high level of risk (>6.2mmol.L-1) was relatively low (2.1 % of males, 3.4% of females), but notably more participants (22% of males and 26% of females) presented with the condition at a moderate level of risk (>5mmol.L-1). Type II diabetes was the least prevalent CV risk factor, with no males and only 3% of females presenting with the condition. Males consumed significantly (p<0.05) more in terms of total energy intake (9024 vs. 7234 kJ) and were significantly (p<0.05) more active (3315 compared to 2660 MET-mins.week). A significantly (p<0.05) higher percentage of males smoked (51.1% compared to 3.4%), consumed alcohol (73.4% compared to 46.6%) and were alcohol dependent (40% compared to 33.5%). Both males and females tended to be ignorant of their health status, with both samples under-reporting obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, while over-reporting type II diabetes. Furthermore, obesity was significantly (p<0.05) underestimated, with both male and female individuals perceiving themselves to be notably smaller than they actually were. Physical activity and diet were important determinants of CVD risk in this black urban sample of individuals. Obesity, in particular central adiposity, was the most notable risk (particularly in females), followed by hypertension (particularly in males). Although some risks presented at a moderate level of risk, a clustering of risk factors was evident in both samples, with 12.6% and 41.2% of males and females presenting with two risk factors, and 2.8% and 8.1% of males and females respectively presenting with three risks.]]> Wed 12 Oct 2022 12:08:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5133 Wed 12 May 2021 22:36:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5102 Wed 12 May 2021 19:54:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:25021 Wed 12 May 2021 19:13:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5171 Wed 12 May 2021 18:40:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5153 Wed 12 May 2021 17:25:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5115 Wed 12 May 2021 17:04:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42806 Wed 12 May 2021 14:38:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5145 Thu 13 May 2021 08:04:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28044 Thu 13 May 2021 07:39:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20331 Thu 13 May 2021 07:35:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27112 0.8 at baseline and week 8) in the PEx group throughout the intervention. Medium between-group effect sizes (d>0.5) were noted for PEx BMI and waist circumference measures at all time points. Further, although not significant, the large within-group effect size (d=-0.84) between baseline and week 8 for PEx systolic blood pressure, suggested the 9 mm Hg was meaningful. The same time period also indicated a large within-group effect size (d=-0.8) for PEx dynamic balance, and a medium Cohen’s d for (d=0.57) PEx static balance. Conclusion: The local population of young adult females was found to be significantly healthier than those of comparable national samples. Further, Pilates participation significantly improved lumbo-pelvic stability and muscular endurance with meaningful changes in systolic blood pressure, and balance in previously sedentary young, adult females. Body mass was also maintained.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 05:25:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5124 0.05) differences for muscle activity between conditions, except for the semitendinosus muscle, which was significantly (p< 0.05) higher during the control condition while running at high speeds. Players‘ heart rates, core temperatures and perceptual responses were significantly (p< 0.05) higher during the experimental condition, compared to the control condition. Performance responses were significantly (p< 0.05) lower during the experimental condition. Conclusion: The main driver of physiological and perceptual responses was the exercise itself. However, the additional clothing and protective gear exacerbated the responses, particularly towards the end stages of the protocol. This negatively impacted players‘ performance. Muscle activity appeared to be unaffected by increased body temperatures. However, core temperatures never reached critically high levels during either condition.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 04:19:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30550 Thu 13 May 2021 02:55:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5114 Thu 13 May 2021 00:18:45 SAST ]]>