https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4102 Wed 12 May 2021 23:39:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3925 Wed 12 May 2021 23:30:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4141 Wed 12 May 2021 23:28:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4111 Wed 12 May 2021 23:23:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3985 Wed 12 May 2021 22:57:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4013 Wed 12 May 2021 22:54:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26731 Wed 12 May 2021 22:43:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4026 Wed 12 May 2021 22:38:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3974 Wed 12 May 2021 22:34:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37671 A in exon 41 is the most prevalent LRRK2 variation which causes a substitution of glycine to serine in G2019S in the highly activated loop of its MAP kinase domain. The LRRK2 G2019S variant is the most common genetic determinant of Parkinson’s disease identified to date. This work focused on building accurate 3D models of the LRRK2 kinase domain, that were used for large-scale in silico docking against South African natural compounds from the South African Natural Compounds Database (SANCDB; https://sancdb.rubi.ru.ac.za/). Molecular docking was performed to identify compounds that formed interactions with the active site of the protein and had the lowest binding energy scores. Molecular dynamics simulations showed different movements of the protein-ligand complexes and behavioural difference of the wildtype and the variants, all three structures proved to be compact. Network analysis was done to study residue interactions, contact maps, dynamic cross correlations, average BC and average L were used to study the residue interactions and general residue contribution to the functioning of the protein..]]> Wed 12 May 2021 22:17:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4070 ethyl acetate > chloroform. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the methanol plant extracts increased in the order Brachylaena elliptica > Plumbago auriculata > Grewia robusta > Azima tetracantha. Methanol extracts on the TLC plate sprayed with Fe³⁺-2,4,6-Tri-2-pyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ) showed that the compounds present in the extracts react differently to ferric ion, with most compounds unable to reduce ferric ion. Furthermore the methanol extracts were able to exhibit reduction potentials vs. Ag/AgCl at low concentrations. The compounds in the extracts were shown to be phenolic acids and flavonoid glycosides.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 20:35:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4122 Wed 12 May 2021 20:31:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4110 Wed 12 May 2021 20:25:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3883 Wed 12 May 2021 20:23:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4158 Wed 12 May 2021 19:51:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4156 Wed 12 May 2021 19:13:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3956 Wed 12 May 2021 19:06:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4157 Wed 12 May 2021 18:59:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3941 Wed 12 May 2021 18:57:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4087 Wed 12 May 2021 18:57:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3950 Wed 12 May 2021 18:43:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4107 Wed 12 May 2021 18:29:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4074 Wed 12 May 2021 18:22:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37859 Wed 12 May 2021 18:21:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4130 Wed 12 May 2021 18:19:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3999 Wed 12 May 2021 18:17:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4121 Wed 12 May 2021 18:17:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3955 Wed 12 May 2021 18:14:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3980 Wed 12 May 2021 17:56:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3889 Wed 12 May 2021 17:25:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3981 Wed 12 May 2021 17:19:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38540 Wed 12 May 2021 16:46:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4145 Wed 12 May 2021 16:39:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30026 Wed 12 May 2021 16:31:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3954 Wed 12 May 2021 16:30:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3948 Wed 12 May 2021 16:14:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3946 Wed 12 May 2021 16:14:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3966 Wed 12 May 2021 16:12:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26595 Wed 12 May 2021 16:05:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3875 Wed 12 May 2021 16:04:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3945 Wed 12 May 2021 16:02:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4118 Wed 12 May 2021 16:01:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4115 Wed 12 May 2021 15:59:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3940 90% of the algae population. Under batch operation the population dynamic shifted; Chlorella outcompeted Micractinium possibly due to nutrient depletion and selective grazing pressures caused by proliferation of Daphnia. Higher species diversity was observed during batch mode as slower growing algae were able to establish in the HRAP. Nutrient removal efficiency and biomass productivity was higher in continuous mode, however lower nutrient levels were obtained in batch operation. HMTBA did not significantly affect growth rate, however treatment with 10 mg.L-1 resulted in slightly increased growth rate in Micractinium and increased final biomass concentrations in Chlorella, Micractinium and Spirulina (although this was not statistically significant for Micractinium and Spirulina), which are known mixotrophic species. Algae treated with Cu-HMTBA, showed reduced final biomass concentration with 10 mg.L-1, caused by Cu toxicity. Biochemical composition of the algae was species-specific and differed through the growth cycle, with high protein observed during early growth and high carbohydrate during late growth/early stationary phase. Additionally, 0.1 mg.L-1 HMTBA and Cu-HMTBA significantly reduced protein content in Chlorella, Micractinium, Scenedesmus and Pediastrum. In conclusion, operation of the HRAP in continuous culture provided suitable wastewater treatment with high productivity of an ideal species, Micractinium, for use in animal feed supplementation. This species had 40% protein content during growth (higher than the other species tested) and dominated the HRAP at > 90% of the algae population during continuous mode. Addition of HMTBA (> 1 mg.L-1) to algae cultivation systems and those treating wastewater, has the potential to improve productivity and the value of the biomass by enhancing protein content. Overall, the co-utilisation of microalgae for wastewater treatment and the generation of a biomass rich in protein, for incorporation into formulated animal feed supplements, represents a closed ecosystem which conserves nutrients and regenerates a most valuable resource, water.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 15:55:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38071 Wed 12 May 2021 15:54:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3891 Wed 12 May 2021 15:49:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3962 Wed 12 May 2021 15:47:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41487 Wed 12 May 2021 14:43:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41036 Wed 12 May 2021 14:38:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20319 Thu 16 Mar 2023 12:59:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3927 3 h), depolymerizing the pectin backbone while releasing the inulins from within the chicory roots. Analysis of various mixtures of FOS by mass spectrometry, HPLC and ¹H-NMR was undertaken. Results indicated that MS with electrospray ionization and ¹H-NMR are capable of providing relative quantitative data of the FOS present in the mixtures. The pharmaceutical effects of various sc-FOS (0.5%, v/v) and SCFA (0.3%, v/v) on certain bacterial enzymes (β-glucuronidase, urease and β-glucosidase) associated with the formation of carcinogens were also studied. These enzyme activities were not directly influenced by the sc-FOS, but were found to be remarkably decreased by SCFA, pointing toward the prebiotic effect of FOS in intestinal microflora modulation.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 11:50:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4097 Thu 13 May 2021 11:07:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4136 Thu 13 May 2021 10:28:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3884 Thu 13 May 2021 08:52:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3886 20% of its initial activity after 9 consecutive reuse cycles. When exposed to fixed concentrations of carbofuran or demeton-S-methyl sulfone, immobilised acetylcholinesterase showed similar inhibition characteristics to that of the free enzyme. The decrease in enzyme activity observed after immobilisation to the nanofibres may have been due to several reasons which include some enzyme molecules being immobilised in structural conformations which reduced substrate access to the catalytic site, participation of the catalytic residues in immobilisation and enzyme denaturation due to the reaction conditions used for acetylcholinesterase immobilisation. Similar observations have been widely reported in literature and this is one of the major drawbacks of enzyme immobilisation. In conclusion, nylon-6:chitosan electrospun nanofibres were shown to be suitable supports for facile acetylcholinesterase immobilisation and the immobilised enzyme has potential for use in pesticide detection. Future recommendations for this study include a comparative study of the GA cross-linking method for AChE immobilisation which will lead to more intensely bound enzyme molecules to prevent non-specific binding. An investigation into the effect of inhibitors on stored immobilised AChE, as well as reactivation and reuse studies, may also be useful for determining the cost-effectiveness of reusing immobilised AChE for pesticide detection in environmental water samples. Several models have been designed for the determination of the kinetic parameters for immobilised enzymes. These take into account the mass transfer resistance as well as the overall charge of the immobilisation matrix. The use of these models to analyse experimental data will give a clear understanding of the effects of immobilisation on enzyme activity]]> Thu 13 May 2021 08:19:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4021 Thu 13 May 2021 07:22:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4113 Thu 13 May 2021 07:20:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4024 Thu 13 May 2021 07:08:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4116 Thu 13 May 2021 07:05:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3959 Thu 13 May 2021 07:01:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4171 Thu 13 May 2021 06:53:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4129 Thu 13 May 2021 06:49:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4159 Thu 13 May 2021 06:40:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3968 Thu 13 May 2021 06:31:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3989 Thu 13 May 2021 06:29:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3965 1 mM resulted in the precipitation of protein-nanoparticle bioconjugates, due to unfavourable acidic conditions. This demonstrated that the nanoparticles were binding to and becoming stabilised by general protein in the cell-free solution. Upon addition of a sodium-bicarbonate buffer, a general increase in Pt(IV) reduction to Pt(II) was observed. The addition of the buffer also resulted in an unexplained change in particle morphology and for this reason was not used in subsequent investigations. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was shown to compromise the reduction rate of the Pt(IV) ion by SRB cells. The presence of extracellular NP’s was suggested by the colour of the supernatant turning brown and the A334 increasing over time. Attempts to visualise the particles by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) resulted in an unexpected phenomenon where nanoparticles could be observed to form dynamically upon irradiation by the electron beam. Extended irradiation by the electron beam also resulted in structural changes of the particles occurring during observation. An increase in temperature was shown to increase the reduction rate which in turn resulted in particles decreasing in size. The starting pH was shown to have a significant effect on the reduction rate and particle morphology although specific trends could not be identified. In conclusion, the cell-soluble extract from the sulfate-reducing consortium investigated, is capable of Pt(0) nanoparticle synthesis. Precise control over the particle morphology was not attained although the mechanism was further clarified and optimal conditions for nanoparticle synthesis were determined.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 06:12:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3885 Thu 13 May 2021 06:10:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4027 Thu 13 May 2021 05:56:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4096 Thu 13 May 2021 05:48:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3897 Thu 13 May 2021 05:43:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31228 Thu 13 May 2021 05:39:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3922 Thu 13 May 2021 05:34:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4128 Thu 13 May 2021 04:58:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4169 Thu 13 May 2021 04:27:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4083 Thu 13 May 2021 04:19:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4086 Thu 13 May 2021 04:14:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3993 Thu 13 May 2021 03:50:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3995 Thu 13 May 2021 03:45:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3896 Thu 13 May 2021 03:24:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4170 Thu 13 May 2021 03:15:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3923 Thu 13 May 2021 02:31:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3975 Thu 13 May 2021 02:27:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4168 Thu 13 May 2021 02:23:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4167 Thu 13 May 2021 02:19:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4005 Thu 13 May 2021 02:15:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3890 Thu 13 May 2021 01:56:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28555 Thu 13 May 2021 01:46:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4166 Thu 13 May 2021 01:35:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4090 Thu 13 May 2021 01:22:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4137 Thu 13 May 2021 00:54:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3973 Thu 13 May 2021 00:53:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3960 Thu 13 May 2021 00:45:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26590 Thu 13 May 2021 00:39:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4119 Thu 13 May 2021 00:36:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4025 Thu 13 May 2021 00:34:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4064 Thu 13 May 2021 00:22:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4004 Thu 13 May 2021 00:20:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4057 Thu 13 May 2021 00:06:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4131 Fri 10 Dec 2021 08:54:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3978 Fri 06 Aug 2021 11:41:17 SAST ]]>