https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index en-us 5 https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41933 Wed 28 Sep 2022 14:29:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5127 30kg.m-2), as well as according to measures of waist circumference (WC) and body composition. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and type II diabetes, were grouped as cardiovascular (CV) risks. Hypertension was defined as a blood pressure greater than 140/90mmHg (JNC-7); hypercholesterolemia, as total cholesterol greater than 6.2mmol.L-1 (NCEP); and type II diabetes, as total glucose greater than 12mmol.L-1 (WHO). Physical activity, diet, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption and dependence were grouped as lifestyle-related risks. These were assessed by means of self-reporting through the use of various validated questionnaires. Finally, self-reporting of obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and type II diabetes was assessed, in addition to perception questions on individuals’ perceived body shape and size (Ziebland figures). Self-reported and perceived responses were then compared to actual measures. Females were significantly (p<0.001) heavier than the males (92.7kg compared to 72.1kg) and had significantly (p<0.001) higher BMIs than their male counterparts (37.6kg.m-2 compared to 25.7 kg.-2). They also recorded significantly (p<0.001) higher waist circumference (WC) values and had significantly (p<0.001) higher percentage and total body fat. Significantly (p<0.001) more females were obese (81%) compared to males (17%). While a higher percentage of males (25 % compared to 22%) presented with stage I hypertension (≥140/90mmHg, <160/95mmHg), significantly (p<0.05) more females (14% compared to 8%) presented with stage II hypertension (>160/95mmHg). The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia at a high level of risk (>6.2mmol.L-1) was relatively low (2.1 % of males, 3.4% of females), but notably more participants (22% of males and 26% of females) presented with the condition at a moderate level of risk (>5mmol.L-1). Type II diabetes was the least prevalent CV risk factor, with no males and only 3% of females presenting with the condition. Males consumed significantly (p<0.05) more in terms of total energy intake (9024 vs. 7234 kJ) and were significantly (p<0.05) more active (3315 compared to 2660 MET-mins.week). A significantly (p<0.05) higher percentage of males smoked (51.1% compared to 3.4%), consumed alcohol (73.4% compared to 46.6%) and were alcohol dependent (40% compared to 33.5%). Both males and females tended to be ignorant of their health status, with both samples under-reporting obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, while over-reporting type II diabetes. Furthermore, obesity was significantly (p<0.05) underestimated, with both male and female individuals perceiving themselves to be notably smaller than they actually were. Physical activity and diet were important determinants of CVD risk in this black urban sample of individuals. Obesity, in particular central adiposity, was the most notable risk (particularly in females), followed by hypertension (particularly in males). Although some risks presented at a moderate level of risk, a clustering of risk factors was evident in both samples, with 12.6% and 41.2% of males and females presenting with two risk factors, and 2.8% and 8.1% of males and females respectively presenting with three risks.]]> Wed 12 Oct 2022 12:08:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5100 Wed 12 Oct 2022 11:53:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5120 Wed 12 May 2021 23:30:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20525 Wed 12 May 2021 23:28:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20536 Wed 12 May 2021 23:19:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5105 Wed 12 May 2021 23:09:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5162 Wed 12 May 2021 23:08:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21368 Wed 12 May 2021 22:42:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5133 Wed 12 May 2021 22:36:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38696 0.05), allrounders took longer to fall asleep (g = 0.90 [0.23;1.57]), obtained less total sleep (0.76 [0.29;1.42]) and had lower morning freshness scores (g = 1.10 [0.42;1.78]) the night before a match compared to batsmen. Wake after sleep onset and get up time were moderately longer (g = 0.61 [0.22;1.26]) and later (g = 0.62 [0.27;1.17]) before. Twenty20 matches compared to One-Day International matches respectively. Further, sleep duration significantly declined from pre-match to post-match during the multi-day Test format (p = 0.04, g= 0.75 [0.40;1.12]). Late alcohol consumption was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with a decrease in total sleep time, regardless of match venue (home: rs (49) = -0.69; away: rs (27) = -0.57). During the away condition, an increase in age was significantly associated with longer wake after sleep onset durations (rs (13) = 0.52, p = 0.0003), while greater elite experience was significantly associated with longer total sleep time (rs (72) = 0.36, p = 0.02). The non-sleep medication group took significantly longer to fall asleep compared to the sleep medication group during the first week of the away condition (p = 0.02, g = 0.75 [0.25;1.26]) particularly on nights following transmeridian travel. Although not significant ( p > 0.05), Asian/Indian players had moderately longer sleep onset latencies (g = 1.07 [0.66;1.47]), wake after sleep onset durations (g = 0.86 [0.42;1.29]), and lower subjective sleep quality (g = 0.86 [0.46;1.26]) and morning freshness scores (g = 0.89 [0.47;1.27]) compared to Whites. Similarly, Black Africans had moderately lower subjective sleep quality scores compared to Whites (g = 0.71 [0.43;0.97]). Longer sleep onset latencies and shorter total sleep times were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with poorer One-Day International (rs (28) = -0.57) and Test (rs (12) = 0.59) batting performances respectively. Higher subjective sleep quality scores were significantly associated with better Twenty20 bowling economies (rs (8) = -0.52). Discussion: There was no evidence of poor pre-match sleep behaviour, irrespective of venue; however, the most apparent disruption to sleep occurred post-match (similar to that found in other team-sports). Most disparities in sleep between match venues existed post-travel, with better sleep behaviour observed during the home condition. The differences in sleep patterns found in all three match formats were expected given the variations in format scheduling and duration. Although sleep medication was shown to promote better sleep, its long-term effectiveness was limited. The results promote the implementation of practical strategies aimed to reduce bedtime light-emitting technology use, late evening alcohol consumption and muscle pain. Inter-individual sleep behaviour was found between player roles, age, experience level and race. Moderate associations existed between sleep and markers of batting performance, specifically for the longer, strategic formats of the game. Conclusion: The current study provided new insight of the sleep behaviour in elite South African cricket players during competition. Individualized sleep monitoring practices are encouraged, with specific supervision over older, less experienced players as well as the racial minorities and allrounders of the team. The poor post-match sleep behaviour, together with the sleep and performance correlations, provide ideal opportunities for future interventions to focus on match recovery and the use sleep monitoring as a competitive advantage.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 22:35:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30553 Wed 12 May 2021 22:19:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5164 Wed 12 May 2021 21:05:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5109 Wed 12 May 2021 20:48:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5177 Wed 12 May 2021 20:29:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5136 Wed 12 May 2021 20:25:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5106 Wed 12 May 2021 20:20:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5117 Wed 12 May 2021 20:12:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5116 Wed 12 May 2021 20:05:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:25412 Wed 12 May 2021 19:59:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5102 Wed 12 May 2021 19:54:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5118 Wed 12 May 2021 19:45:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21028 Wed 12 May 2021 19:36:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37954 Wed 12 May 2021 19:34:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:25021 Wed 12 May 2021 19:13:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5137 Wed 12 May 2021 19:07:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5135 Wed 12 May 2021 19:05:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5176 Wed 12 May 2021 18:52:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5107 combined) for most of the conditions assessed for the biomechanical and physiological responses. In the majority of cases for muscle activity, no significant differences were found between the combined and the additive effects (p < 0.05), while for the physiological responses there were mostly significant differences observed. Psychophysical responses indicated that there was a significant difference overall between the additive and combined effects. The results of this study demonstrate that in order to identify risk areas, manipulation tasks and constrained working postures may be considered either in isolation and added together (additive) or as a combined task, since there were very few significant differences observed between these two effects. Further studies are required, however, to provide conclusive evidence.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 18:40:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5171 Wed 12 May 2021 18:40:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5130 Wed 12 May 2021 18:33:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5128 Wed 12 May 2021 17:30:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5153 Wed 12 May 2021 17:25:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20526 0.05) over the course of assessment when compared to the control. Eccentric hamstrings peak torque observed significant improvements (p<0.05) of between 5.72 and 12.82 % within the intervention group, while the countermovement jump indicated a significant 15.59 % increase (p<0.05). Additionally, the functional ratio and the eccentric utilization ratio both indicated no significant changes (p>0.05), with a 2.48-7.66 % and 5.33 % improvement noted following completion of assessment. Conclusion: Isokinetic responses at baseline observed decreased quadriceps strength, and increased hamstring strength when compared to both amateur and professional populations examined in previous studies, for both isokinetic testing speeds. Additionally, performance measures indicated similar responses to other amateur populations. Regarding the intervention, significant improvements in eccentric hamstring peak torque and countermovement jump indicate the partial success of the present intervention. Additionally, while the functional ratio and eccentric utilization ratio reported no significant changes, improvements were noted within the intervention group while the control noted no change. The Nordic hamstring lower therefore resulted in strength improvements within the eccentric hamstrings, reported as a significant factor for injury risk, however, such changes were not sufficient to significantly impact the functional ratio. It can be concluded that community based programs within South Africa have the potential to be effective; however, there are many barriers to implementation, including, language, ethnic and cultural differences, while a lack of resources and infrastructure play a significant role in a lack of development. More research of this nature is required to provide scientific support for structures and guidelines for the peri-urban community based South African player, to ensure the efficacy of internationally successful interventions such as the Nordic exercise.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 17:09:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5115 Wed 12 May 2021 17:04:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5138 Wed 12 May 2021 16:33:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5173 Wed 12 May 2021 16:17:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5125 Wed 12 May 2021 16:15:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:22478 Wed 12 May 2021 15:58:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5151 Wed 12 May 2021 15:47:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42855 0.05, R2 = 0.95) between moderate-intensity physical activity and total physical activity levels. High levels of weekly sedentary behaviour and sitting time (302.60 ± 169.96 minutes) were reported. A weak, non-significant, positive correlation was found between total sedentary time and BMI (p>0.05, R2 = 0.1). A weak, non-significant, negative correlation was found between age and sedentary time (p>0.05, R2 = 0.002). More participants below 50 years were insufficiently active compared to above the age of 50 years. 1.7 to 2.6 years since diagnosis saw the greatest number of insufficiently active survivors and the category over 2.6 years since diagnosis saw the most active survivors. Most breast cancer survivors (71.10% & 82.05%) indicated being interested in and feeling capable of participating in an exercise programme (p>0.05, R2 = 0.72). The favoured preference for receiving physical activity advice was face-to-face with an exercise specialist at a cancer centre before treatment. Participation preferences included starting a programme immediately after treatment, in a home-based setting with one or two other people, where walking and a moderate exercise intensity were the preferred exercise type and level of intensity. Data collection occurred both immediately prior to (42% of participants) and during (56% of participants) the South African Covid-19 lockdown, so the results should be seen in light of this context. Conclusion: The current study is one of the first to explore physical activity rates and preferences of South African breast cancer survivors. As a group and individually these survivors were meeting public physical activity guidelines and engaging in the recommended weekly minutes. The high sitting time coupled with the high overweight and obesity levels highlight the need for positive behavioural changes including improved levels of physical activity and reduced sedentary behaviour. These changes need involvement from the numerous levels of society that affect health. Broad physical activity guidelines need to be developed not only to improve physical activity levels in breast cancer survivors but to work as a preventative measure by facilitating physical activity promotion in the general population. The findings of this study demonstrate that this group of South African breast cancer survivors is open to physical activity advice, to programmes and to improving physical activity levels.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 15:00:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42806 Wed 12 May 2021 14:38:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41360 Wed 12 May 2021 14:22:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38711 Wed 03 Jun 2020 14:25:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5152 Thu 13 May 2021 10:14:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5145 Thu 13 May 2021 08:04:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28044 Thu 13 May 2021 07:39:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20331 Thu 13 May 2021 07:35:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5131 Thu 13 May 2021 07:07:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5144 Thu 13 May 2021 06:54:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5170 Thu 13 May 2021 06:36:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5111 Thu 13 May 2021 06:17:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35437 Thu 13 May 2021 06:00:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5112 1800mm). The musculoskeletal responses indicated that Tall subjects were forced to adopt the most awkward general body postures as a result of the low computer screen. However, the low screen allowed for the Short subjects to adopt the most natural general body postures, although levels of muscular activity in the upper trapezius suggest that the muscular load imposed on both Short and Tall subjects was significantly greater than that imposed on the Medium subjects. In addition, the Medium subjects’ perceptions of the Standard workstation dimensions support the fact that this workstation was better suited to users with “average” morphologies. The responses elicited in the Personalised and Wrist Support workstations were improved significantly when compared to the Standard workstation. Joint angles were more natural, upper trapezius EMG was reduced, standard of performance improved and perceptual responses indicated a diminished incidence of body and visual discomfort, as well as greater perceived satisfaction with these workstation dimensions. The improved physical responses suggest a decrease in the risk of developing cumulative trauma disorders. Although subjects were unaccustomed to the wrist support device, this workstation demonstrated a further reduction in the range of wrist angles, as well as a general positive attitude towards the concept.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 05:56:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:22479 Thu 13 May 2021 05:26:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27112 0.8 at baseline and week 8) in the PEx group throughout the intervention. Medium between-group effect sizes (d>0.5) were noted for PEx BMI and waist circumference measures at all time points. Further, although not significant, the large within-group effect size (d=-0.84) between baseline and week 8 for PEx systolic blood pressure, suggested the 9 mm Hg was meaningful. The same time period also indicated a large within-group effect size (d=-0.8) for PEx dynamic balance, and a medium Cohen’s d for (d=0.57) PEx static balance. Conclusion: The local population of young adult females was found to be significantly healthier than those of comparable national samples. Further, Pilates participation significantly improved lumbo-pelvic stability and muscular endurance with meaningful changes in systolic blood pressure, and balance in previously sedentary young, adult females. Body mass was also maintained.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 05:25:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5104 Thu 13 May 2021 05:24:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5110 Thu 13 May 2021 05:20:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21260 Thu 13 May 2021 05:19:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5113 Thu 13 May 2021 05:16:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5140 Thu 13 May 2021 04:53:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5126 Thu 13 May 2021 04:50:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5132 Thu 13 May 2021 04:20:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5124 0.05) differences for muscle activity between conditions, except for the semitendinosus muscle, which was significantly (p< 0.05) higher during the control condition while running at high speeds. Players‘ heart rates, core temperatures and perceptual responses were significantly (p< 0.05) higher during the experimental condition, compared to the control condition. Performance responses were significantly (p< 0.05) lower during the experimental condition. Conclusion: The main driver of physiological and perceptual responses was the exercise itself. However, the additional clothing and protective gear exacerbated the responses, particularly towards the end stages of the protocol. This negatively impacted players‘ performance. Muscle activity appeared to be unaffected by increased body temperatures. However, core temperatures never reached critically high levels during either condition.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 04:19:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5157 Thu 13 May 2021 04:11:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5119 Thu 13 May 2021 03:46:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38543 Thu 13 May 2021 03:27:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30550 Thu 13 May 2021 02:55:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5141 Thu 13 May 2021 02:50:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5154 Thu 13 May 2021 02:43:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5101 Thu 13 May 2021 02:37:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37672 Thu 13 May 2021 01:56:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5108 Thu 13 May 2021 01:54:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20502 Thu 13 May 2021 01:16:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5129 Thu 13 May 2021 01:13:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28498 Thu 13 May 2021 01:11:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5123 Thu 13 May 2021 00:23:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5114 Thu 13 May 2021 00:18:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21261 Thu 13 May 2021 00:15:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28413 Thu 04 May 2023 11:21:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27408 Fri 19 May 2023 10:05:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5097 Fri 15 Oct 2021 15:17:21 SAST ]]>