https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index en-us 5 https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:904 Wed 22 Jun 2022 12:38:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3334 Wed 12 Oct 2022 09:37:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2005 Wed 12 May 2021 23:46:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2367 Wed 12 May 2021 23:37:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:931 Wed 12 May 2021 23:08:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4288 Wed 12 May 2021 23:05:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4573 Wed 12 May 2021 23:02:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4576 Wed 12 May 2021 22:57:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2846 Wed 12 May 2021 22:42:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4577 Wed 12 May 2021 22:35:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3664 Wed 12 May 2021 22:32:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5341 Wed 12 May 2021 22:32:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1892 Wed 12 May 2021 22:30:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3415 Wed 12 May 2021 22:22:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3883 Wed 12 May 2021 20:23:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1392 Wed 12 May 2021 20:09:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1399 Wed 12 May 2021 20:03:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2704 Wed 12 May 2021 19:56:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5102 Wed 12 May 2021 19:54:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1344 Wed 12 May 2021 19:46:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1398 Wed 12 May 2021 19:44:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:794 Wed 12 May 2021 19:24:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1390 Wed 12 May 2021 19:24:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1394 Wed 12 May 2021 19:15:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5606 50 km/h and were also significantly influenced by light conditions (i.e. detection success was greater when the sun was high) and the position of the roadkill on the road (i.e. smaller roadkill on verges were often missed). These results suggest that roadkill sampling was most effective between 1.5 hours after dawn and 1.5 hours before dusk and that driving at slower speeds (<50 km.h⁻ₑ) was required to detect roadkill. This protocol was implemented across three ecological seasons on a 100 km paved road and a 20 km unpaved road in the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Driven daily over a 120-day period (three periods consisting each of 40 days), a total of 1,027 roadkill were recorded. These comprised 162 species from all terrestrial vertebrate groups with birds being the most commonly encountered roadkill (50% of all incidents). The high numbers of vertebrates identified as roadkill suggests that road traffic could have potentially unsustainable impacts on wildlife populations and hence the biodiversity of the area. Seventeen variables were identified as possible determinants of roadkill occurrence with season, rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature, habitat type, grass height, grass density, fence type and vehicle type significantly influencing roadkill numbers. Significantly more roadkill were detected on the paved road (9.91/100km) than on the unpaved road (1.8/100km) probably because of greater traffic volumes and the increased speed that vehicles travelled on the paved road. Warmer temperatures and increased rainfall in the preceding 24 hours also increased road mortality numbers as animals tended to become more active during these times. Interestingly, more roadkill was detected in open roadside habitats compared to dense roadside habitats on both the paved and unpaved roads and when grass on the roadside verge was of intermediate height. Open habitat possibly may provide a natural corridor for wildlife which ultimately end up on the road. Roadkill numbers increased when certain other physical barriers, such as cattle fences, were present, probably because these barriers were more penetrable than electric fencing. A series of mitigation measures are proposed to reduce the impacts of roads on wildlife in South Africa. These mitigation measures highlight the need to address the balance between the development of a country’s transport infrastructure and the conservation of its fauna. It is important that research on the impacts of roads becomes standardised to enable robust statistical comparisons which will provide a greater understanding of the potential threats to vertebrate biodiversity]]> Wed 12 May 2021 19:11:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4157 Wed 12 May 2021 18:59:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:717 Wed 12 May 2021 18:53:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1838 Wed 12 May 2021 18:34:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2872 Wed 12 May 2021 18:07:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1992 Wed 12 May 2021 17:49:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1837 Wed 12 May 2021 17:49:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:856 Wed 12 May 2021 17:44:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1162 Wed 12 May 2021 17:38:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2442 Wed 12 May 2021 17:28:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4293 Wed 12 May 2021 17:24:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1187 Wed 12 May 2021 17:20:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4284 Wed 12 May 2021 17:16:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4283 Wed 12 May 2021 17:16:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2253 Wed 12 May 2021 17:09:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3337 Wed 12 May 2021 17:08:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1405 Wed 12 May 2021 16:48:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5181 Wed 12 May 2021 16:42:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5138 Wed 12 May 2021 16:33:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4281 Ni²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Cd²⁺> Co²⁺ was achieved as a function of pH. At pH 1.65 the extracted copper, from a synthetic mixture of the base metals reached 90.13(±0.90)%, and through a two-step extraction process 98.22(±0.29)% copper was recovered with negligible nickel and cobalt impurities. Stripping of the copper from the loaded organic phase using TraceSelect sulphuric acid at pH 0.35 yielded 96.60(±0.44)% of the loaded quantity after the second stage of stripping. The separation of Ni²⁺ from the borderline and hard acids; Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Fe2²⁺, Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, Mg2²⁺ and Ca²⁺ at a pH range of 0.5-3.5 with OPIM and DNNSA was acvieved to the tune of a ΔpH½≈ 1.6 with respect to cobalt from a sulfate and sulfate/chloride media. A three-stage counter-current extraction of Ni²⁺, at the optimized pH of 1.89, from a synthetic mixture of Ni²⁺, Co²⁺ and Cu²⁺, yielded 99.01(±1.79)%. The total co-extracted Cu²⁺ was 48.72(±0.24)% of the original quantity in the mixture, and it was 19.85(±0.28%) for Co²⁺. The co-extracted Cu²⁺ was scrubbed off from the loaded organic phase at pH≈8.5 by using an ammonium buffer, while co-extracted Co²⁺ was selectively and quantitatively stripped with H₂SO₄ at pH 1.64. The total recovery of Ni²⁺ by stripping at pH 0.32 was 94.05(±1.70)%. In the solid-liquid system, Ni²⁺ was separated from Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Fe²⁺ with the microspherical resins funtionalised with 2,2′-pyridylimidazole by a separation factor (β) in the range 22-45. Electrospun nanofibers as sorbents yielded high sorption capacity in the range of 0.97 - 1.45 mmol.g⁻¹ for the same metals ions. Thus, 1-octylimidazole-2-aldoxime (OIMOX), and1-octyl-2-(2′-pyridyl)imidazole (OPIM) can be effectively utilized alongside DNNSA as a co-extractant in the separation of Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ respectively from base metals in acidic sulfate medium in a solvent extraction process, and the latter as a selective ligand in the solid-liquid separation of Ni²⁺ from Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Fe²⁺.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 16:26:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1835 Wed 12 May 2021 16:25:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1406 Wed 12 May 2021 16:13:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1387 Wed 12 May 2021 16:03:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1888 Wed 12 May 2021 16:03:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5179 Wed 12 May 2021 15:49:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3504 Wed 12 May 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