https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30568 Wed 12 Oct 2022 12:01:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36591 Wed 12 Oct 2022 11:52:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29217 Wed 12 May 2021 23:26:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30590 Wed 12 May 2021 23:10:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39018 Wed 12 May 2021 22:48:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34785 Wed 12 May 2021 22:47:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30035 Wed 12 May 2021 22:23:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34080 Wed 12 May 2021 22:18:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34016 Wed 12 May 2021 20:49:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28655 Wed 12 May 2021 20:20:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31264 Wed 12 May 2021 19:56:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30759 Wed 12 May 2021 19:55:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34084 Wed 12 May 2021 19:51:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29926 Wed 12 May 2021 19:50:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30605 Wed 12 May 2021 19:34:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30760 Wed 12 May 2021 19:26:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34273 Wed 12 May 2021 19:20:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30032 Wed 12 May 2021 19:19:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28638 Wed 12 May 2021 19:14:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29873 Wed 12 May 2021 19:13:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30762 4. The performance evaluation of MIDAS compared with ANNs to reconstruct storm-time TEC over the African low- and mid-latitude regions showed that MIDAS and ANNs provide comparable results. Their respective mean absolute error (MAE) values were 4.81 and 4.18 TECU. The ANN model was, however, found to perform 24.37 % better than MIDAS at estimating storm-time TEC for low latitudes, while MIDAS is 13.44 % more accurate than ANN for the mid-latitudes. When their performances are compared with the IRI model, both MIDAS and ANN model were found to provide more accurate storm-time TEC reconstructions for the African low- and mid-latitude regions. A comparative study of the performances of EOF, NLRA, ANN, and IRI models to estimate TEC during geomagnetic storm conditions over various latitudes showed that the ANN model is about 10 %, 26 %, and 58 % more accurate than EOF, NLRA, and IRI models, respectively, while EOF was found to perform 15 %, and 44 % better than NLRA and IRI, respectively. It was further found that the NLRA model is 25 % more accurate than the IRI model. We have also investigated for the first time, the role of meridional neutral winds (from the Horizontal Wind Model) to storm-time TEC modelling in the low latitude, northern and southern hemisphere mid-latitude regions of the African sector, based on ANN models. Statistics have shown that the inclusion of the meridional wind velocity in TEC modelling during geomagnetic storms leads to percentage improvements of about 5 % for the low latitude, 10 % and 5 % for the northern and southern hemisphere mid-latitude regions, respectively. High-latitude storm-induced winds and the inter-hemispheric blows of the meridional winds from summer to winter hemisphere have been suggested to be associated with these improvements.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 19:12:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29212 Wed 12 May 2021 19:02:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30719 Wed 12 May 2021 18:55:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29213 Wed 12 May 2021 18:45:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34114 Wed 12 May 2021 18:44:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30704 Wed 12 May 2021 18:19:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34293 Wed 12 May 2021 17:42:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30757 Wed 12 May 2021 17:31:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34270 Wed 12 May 2021 16:50:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30754 Wed 12 May 2021 16:43:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30609 Wed 12 May 2021 16:17:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28679 Wed 12 May 2021 16:15:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29122 90% cell survival. The photodynamic activity of water insoluble porphyrins improved when encapsulated into the micelles. Novel asymmetrical phthalocyanines were also synthesised for nonlinear optics (NLO) studies in solution and thin films.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 16:05:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30942 Wed 12 May 2021 15:54:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30758 Wed 12 May 2021 15:50:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34697 Wed 12 May 2021 15:48:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30997 Wed 12 May 2021 15:43:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41134 Wed 12 May 2021 14:36:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35822 Wed 04 Aug 2021 14:30:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31446 Tue 28 Feb 2023 08:54:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30600 Tue 15 Aug 2023 15:50:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29124 Tue 11 Jul 2023 16:25:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30597 100 km) behaviour, respectively. Further behavioural diversity was observed with ‘resident’, ‘roaming’ and ‘embayment’ contingents identified based on varying levels of affinity to certain habitats. The presence of both resident and migratory individuals within the northernmost study during June and July, combined with available biological information, suggested that area-specific spawning may take place. While PAT, CPUE and CT largely aligned in determining area specific high-area use, results from network analyses and mixed effects models conducted on the PAT data supported the spawning hypothesis, with anomalous behaviour around specific receivers during the spawning season. All fish, regardless of behavioural contingent, displayed similar movement behaviour during the spawning season and this was driven by factors generally associated with reproduction, such as lunar illumination. Interestingly, these drivers were different from those that determined the area specific use of individuals outside of the spawning season. The environmental drivers of longshore migration into the northern study site were identified as a decline in water temperature and shorter day lengths. The results of this study highlight the importance of using a multi-method approach in determining migratory movement behaviour, area specific area use, and stock structure of key fisheries species. The identification of different behavioural contingents highlights the importance of acknowledging individual variation in movement and habitat-use patterns. This is particularly relevant as future climate change and spatiotemporal variation in fishing effort may artificially skew natural selection processes to favour certain behavioural groups. This study also highlighted the importance of scientists forming relationships with resource-users, such as recreational angling lodges in areas where limited research has been conducted. This is particularly relevant within the West African context where little is known about many of the fish species that are being increasingly targeted by tourism angling ventures.]]> Thu 29 Sep 2022 14:25:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31213 Thu 29 Sep 2022 14:24:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30599 Thu 29 Sep 2022 14:23:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30711 Thu 13 May 2021 15:04:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30709 150% intensity) were old gravity schemes. Farmers on approximately 75% of Limpopo smallholder schemes are currently engaging in land exchange transactions in a highly insecure and un-formalised institutional setup. Land exchange prevalence longer than two years was moderately associated with cropping intensity and strongly associated with commercialisation. This result has three important implications. First, it suggests that more land is utilised on the schemes when there is vibrant land-leasing activity. Secondly, schemes with a higher prevalence of long-term leasing seem to have a strong tendency to be more commercialised. Thirdly, the duration of the lease is significant, as neither single-season, nor annual leases yielded any positive associations, while those exchanges that were two years or longer, were associated with increased performance. These findings highlight the potential for longer-term land-exchange interventions to address the widespread low land utilisation on smallholder schemes, and to catalyse more commercially-oriented farming. An irrigation scheme typology was derived from the cluster analysis and was aligned to a contemporary irrigation farming typology. The key descriptors included technology type, purpose of farming and scheme management type. By matching scheme type to the farmer typology (or typologies), strategic decisions regarding technology choices for infrastructure, land, and water institutional interventions can be better informed. All schemes demand attention to the multiple factors required to achieve performance, not least water-tenure security, irrigation management organisational development, and infrastructure modernisation. Complexity was demonstrated by the finding that multiple factors contribute to success, and that there are many dimensions that change independently and have a cascading effect through the system in ways that are difficult to predict. Agricultural systems support to achieve productivity and profitability are essential for success. The research findings lead to the recommendation that, in addition, strategic planners must also consider the implications of the dominant factors of water-technology choices so that these are manageable, and the dynamics of farm-size change based on land exchange processes, in order to harness new opportunities to maximise irrigation scheme performance in future.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 11:26:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34076 Thu 13 May 2021 11:24:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30589 50Îll viability at concentrations≤ 160μg/mL, however the conjugates showed<50% cell viabilityatconcentrations≤ 160μg/mLprobably due to the enhanced singlet oxygen quantum yield. The findings from this work show the importance of linking photosensitises such as phthalocyanines to metal nanoparticles for the enhancement ofsinglet oxygen quantum yield and ultimately the photodynamic effect.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 08:10:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30400 Thu 13 May 2021 07:07:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28644 Thu 13 May 2021 06:58:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34478 Thu 13 May 2021 06:50:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39140 Thu 13 May 2021 06:43:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34081 Thu 13 May 2021 06:38:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34035 Thu 13 May 2021 05:52:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29223 Thu 13 May 2021 05:43:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29218 0.3 h Mpc -¹ We also analyzed data from the last observing season of PAPER via all-sky imaging with a view to characterize the foregrounds. We generated an all-sky catalogue of 88 sources down to a flux density of 5 Jy. Moreover, we measured both polarized point source and the Galactic diffuse emission, and used these measurements to constrain our model of polarization leakage. We find the leakage due to a population of point sources to be 12% lower than the prediction from our polarized model.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 05:43:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31196 Thu 13 May 2021 05:17:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30977 Thu 13 May 2021 05:13:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30309 Thu 13 May 2021 04:50:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29133 Thu 13 May 2021 04:46:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28641 Thu 13 May 2021 04:24:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30936 Thu 13 May 2021 04:03:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30694 Thu 13 May 2021 03:50:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29790 Thu 13 May 2021 03:46:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30946 Thu 13 May 2021 03:38:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30700 Thu 13 May 2021 03:23:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34197 70% of total counts) of sightings were made inside the MPAs. Short-term boat-based surveys were conducted three times a year between June 2014 and December 2016, contributing to a total of 47 days of surveys divided into three locations: Amathole, Hluleka, and Pondoland, each containing a MPA. Density and group size data were analyzed for both species and photographic identification analysis was performed for photographs of bottlenose dolphin dorsal fins. Results indicate that animal and sighting density did not differ temporally (bottlenose dolphin: sighting density – p=0.398, individual density –p=0.781; common dolphin: sighting density –p=0.472, individual density – p=0.204). Environmental factors (sea surface temperature, depth, substrate, and distance from shore) appeared to have limited effect on individual and sighting density and group size for both species (p>0.05). Photographic identification of bottlenose dolphins resulted in 2149 individuals, with a 11.8% resighting rate, with the highest resighting rate within the Pondoland MPA (16.1%). The resighting count did not differ temporally between monthly survey based on generalized linear models (p=0.866), but did differ between study areas (p<0.0001). These results provide the first evidence of the occurrence of both species of dolphin off the Wild Coast, as they were sighted in this region in all survey months. There was no trend in density based on temporal or environmental factors, which suggests other factors are influencing their occurrence. Resightings of bottlenose dolphins within the area suggest that there is some degree of residency, though the majority of animals were only sighted on a single occasion and there was no plateau in the discovery curve. A total of 256 biopsy samples (bottlenose dolphins =128; common dolphins=128) were collected during boat-based surveys. Bottlenose dolphin samples were also collected from adjacent areas to the southwest (Algoa Bay, n=22) and northeast (KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), n=20) of the Wild Coast to investigate similarities and differences between these areas. Despite a high degree of niche overlap between the two species (41%), common dolphins fed with a broader niche (standard ellipse area probability 0.89) than bottlenose dolphins in the summer and a narrower niche in the winter (probability 0.94). There was a clear spatial variation in the diet of bottlenose dolphins along the coast, with individuals from Algoa Bay and Amathole demonstrating 0% niche overlap with individuals from KZN, but the mechanism for these differences remains unclear as other species from South African waters demonstrate a strong southwest to northeast gradient in nitrogen for the Eastern Cape coastline. This research provides valuable baseline information regarding dolphins off the Wild Coast of South Africa, which remained largely unknown. My results indicate that bottlenose dolphins may be more resident in the Wild Coast than previous predicted, and confirm that common dolphins are highly mobile in this area.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 03:09:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29860 Thu 13 May 2021 02:37:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30706 Thu 13 May 2021 02:01:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30033 Thu 13 May 2021 01:51:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31426 Thu 13 May 2021 01:45:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39051 Thu 13 May 2021 01:36:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30939 Thu 13 May 2021 01:36:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30573 Thu 13 May 2021 00:45:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31049 Thu 13 May 2021 00:19:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31318 Thu 13 Apr 2023 15:20:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31154 Thu 01 Feb 2024 09:46:51 SAST ]]>