https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10408 Wed 12 May 2021 23:36:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3947 Wed 12 May 2021 23:14:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4640 Wed 12 May 2021 23:08:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10148 Wed 12 May 2021 23:01:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4415 Wed 12 May 2021 22:47:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8160 Wed 12 May 2021 21:03:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11960 10 t GM ha-1 > 5 t GM ha-1. In a separate experiment, addition of inorganic P at varying rates (0, 90, 180, and 360 kg P ha-1) to Flagstaff soil increased labile P fractions (resin P, biomass P and NaHCO3-Pi) and the increases were greater when goat manure was co-applied. The control treatments contained only 17.2 and 27.5 mg P kg-1 of resin extractable P in the un-amended and manure amended treatments, respectively which increased to 118.2 and 122.7 mg P kg-1 on day 28 of incubation. Biomass P concentration was increased from 16.8 to 43.9 mg P kg-1 in P alone treatments but the fraction was greatly enhanced with manure addition, increasing it from 32.6 to 97.7 mg P kg-1. NaOH-Pi was the largest extractable Pi fraction and ranged from 144.3 to 250.6 mg P kg-1 and 107.5 to 213.2 mg P kg-1 in the unamended and manure amended treatments, respectively. Dry matter yield and P uptake by maize grown in the glasshouse were highly and significantly (p = 0.05) correlated with the different P fractions in the soil. The correlations followed the order resin P (r = 0.85) > NaOH-Pi (r = 0.85) > NaHCO3-Pi (r = 0.84) >> biomass P (r = 0.56) for dry matter yield at 6 weeks after planting. At 12 weeks after planting, goat manure had iv highly significant effects on resin P and biomass P but had no effect on NaHCO3-Pi and NaOH–Pi. The combination of biomass P, resin P and NaHCO3-Pi explained 75.8 percent of the variation in dry matter yield of which 63.0 percent of the variation was explained by biomass P alone. The greatest increase in biomass P occurred when added P was co-applied with 5 or 10 tha-1 goat manure. The predictive equation for maize dry matter yield (DM) was: DM (g) = 1.897 biomass P + 0.645 resin P (r = 0.73). Resin P was the fraction that was most depleted due to plant uptake and decreased by 56 to 68 percent between the 6th week and the 12th week of sampling indicating that it played a greater role in supplying plant available P. The results therefore suggested that the use of goat manure may allow resource poor farmers to use lower levels of commercial phosphate fertilizers because of its effect to reduce soil P sorption. In addition, higher increases in biomass P due to manure addition observed at lower rates of added P indicated that goat manure has potential for enhancing bioavailability and fertilizer use efficiency of small inorganic P applications.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 20:35:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4363 Wed 12 May 2021 20:21:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5332 Wed 12 May 2021 20:18:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1678 Wed 12 May 2021 20:18:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3632 Wed 12 May 2021 20:14:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11601 Wed 12 May 2021 19:52:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2341 Wed 12 May 2021 19:41:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10620 Wed 12 May 2021 19:31:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9293 Wed 12 May 2021 19:22:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5761 Wed 12 May 2021 19:13:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4200 Wed 12 May 2021 19:09:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5747 2cm) into the fresh water deprived Kariega Estuary was in the range recorded for other permanently open southern African estuaries with higher fresh water flow rates. This indicates that the mechanisms which allow estuarine dependent larvae to locate and enter estuaries are not related to fresh water inflow. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that despite their small size relative to European and North American systems, South African permanently open and temporarily open/closed estuaries also influence biological activity within the adjacent nearshore marine environment.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 19:04:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8505 Wed 12 May 2021 18:55:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1323 Wed 12 May 2021 18:52:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10533 Wed 12 May 2021 18:34:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3104 0.05), with the Contact sport groups having markedly higher incidences of concussion than controls (p < 0.000). Measures included the ImPACT Verbal and Visual Memory, Visuomotor Speed and Reaction Time Composites, Digit Symbol Substitution and Digit Symbol Incidental Recall (immediate and delayed), the ImPACT Symptom Scale and a Post-concussion Symptom (PCS) questionnaire. Independent t-tests on cognitive measures at pre-and post-season revealed a predominant trend of Contact and 2+ Concussion groups performing worse, although only ImPACT Reaction Time at pre-season reached significance (p = 0.014). PCS comparisons revealed an overwhelming tendency of enhanced symptoms for Contact and 2+ Concussion groups with total scores being significantly different in most instances at pre-and post-season. Fatigue and aggression were the symptoms most pervasively high for the Contact and 2+ Concussion groups. Dependent t-test analyses at pre- versus post-season, revealed significant practice effects for the Contact group, not in evidence for controls on ImPACT Visual Motor Speed and Digit Symbol Incidental Recall-Delayed. Overall the results imply the possible presence of lingering neurocognitive and symptomatic concussion sequelae amongst South African final year high school participants of a contact sport. The indications gain potency when understood against the background of (i) Brain Reserve Capacity threshold theory, and (ii) the known risk of Type II error in group MTBI research, that might result in under-emphasis of subtle effects and miscalculation of cost-benefit risks. Clinical implications, and the need for prospective case-based research to ratify the results of this predominantly cross-sectional study, are discussed.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 18:30:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3977 Wed 12 May 2021 18:16:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5728 Wed 12 May 2021 17:49:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3963 Wed 12 May 2021 16:45:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2848 Wed 12 May 2021 16:45:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2307 Wed 12 May 2021 16:36:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5121 Wed 12 May 2021 16:24:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5758 Wed 12 May 2021 16:23:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9556 Wed 12 May 2021 16:21:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10371 Wed 12 May 2021 16:16:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1842 Wed 12 May 2021 16:08:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10477 Wed 12 May 2021 15:52:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1804 Tue 22 Nov 2022 15:32:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4427 Thu 13 May 2021 13:48:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5237 Thu 13 May 2021 13:28:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3872 Thu 13 May 2021 12:09:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10532 Thu 13 May 2021 08:50:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4220 Thu 13 May 2021 08:17:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1197 Thu 13 May 2021 08:12:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1476 Thu 13 May 2021 07:38:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3984 Thu 13 May 2021 07:32:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1192 Thu 13 May 2021 07:30:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10598 Thu 13 May 2021 07:20:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9512 Thu 13 May 2021 07:10:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10507 Thu 13 May 2021 07:05:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8768 Thu 13 May 2021 07:02:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3983 Thu 13 May 2021 07:02:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1321 Thu 13 May 2021 06:45:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9530 Thu 13 May 2021 06:44:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2368 Thu 13 May 2021 06:31:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8514 Thu 13 May 2021 05:55:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11580 0.05) among all the breeds, except that Nguni meat was darker (L*) (P < 0.05) than meat from the other two breeds. The Bonsmara had the highest (P > 0.05) concentrations while the Nguni had the lowest (P > 0.05) concentrations of stress hormones. There were significant (P < 0.05) correlations between WB values of meat aged for two and 21 days in Nguni and Bonsmara, but not in Angus. The correlations among stress responsiveness hormones and meat quality were breed-dependent. Except monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and the n-6/n-3 ratio, fatty acid profiles among the breeds were similar (P > 0.05). Cholesterol levels among the breeds were similar (P > 0.05). The Nguni had the best (P < 0.05) sensory characteristics, such as flavour and tenderness. It can be concluded that while the Nguni is a small framed breed, its meat quality is similar to that of Bonsmara and Angus and has the best meat taste when raised on natural pasture.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 05:47:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9787 Thu 13 May 2021 05:21:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4094 Thu 13 May 2021 05:21:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9679 Thu 13 May 2021 05:17:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1414 Thu 13 May 2021 04:58:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1949 Thu 13 May 2021 04:20:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9934 Thu 13 May 2021 04:02:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2547 Thu 13 May 2021 04:01:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1549 Thu 13 May 2021 03:43:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3971 Thu 13 May 2021 03:41:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2117 Thu 13 May 2021 03:12:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3303 Thu 13 May 2021 02:19:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10530 Thu 13 May 2021 02:15:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10376 Thu 13 May 2021 01:56:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5770 Thu 13 May 2021 01:29:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4336 Thu 13 May 2021 01:13:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2601 Thu 13 May 2021 00:23:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4853 Thu 13 Jul 2023 18:06:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3537 Thu 13 Jan 2022 12:03:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2761 Thu 01 Feb 2024 09:49:27 SAST ]]>