https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28265 Wed 13 Mar 2024 14:17:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27363 Wed 13 Mar 2024 09:16:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33427 Wed 12 May 2021 23:18:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21305 Wed 12 May 2021 23:09:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28424 Wed 12 May 2021 22:52:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28526 Wed 12 May 2021 22:49:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20942 Wed 12 May 2021 22:42:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29013 Wed 12 May 2021 22:41:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21298 Wed 12 May 2021 22:25:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33128 Wed 12 May 2021 22:18:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28291 Wed 12 May 2021 20:52:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27608 Wed 12 May 2021 20:27:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32058 Wed 12 May 2021 20:26:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21280 Wed 12 May 2021 20:24:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39106 Wed 12 May 2021 20:21:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29403 Wed 12 May 2021 20:17:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29452 Wed 12 May 2021 19:56:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33439 Wed 12 May 2021 19:55:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29479 Wed 12 May 2021 19:46:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29028 Wed 12 May 2021 19:38:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27619 Wed 12 May 2021 19:28:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39468 Wed 12 May 2021 19:27:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29266 Wed 12 May 2021 19:22:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27766 Wed 12 May 2021 19:02:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28657 Wed 12 May 2021 18:30:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34445 Wed 12 May 2021 18:21:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21329 Wed 12 May 2021 18:13:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21351 Wed 12 May 2021 18:03:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21236 Wed 12 May 2021 17:57:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20785 Wed 12 May 2021 17:54:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33180 Wed 12 May 2021 17:47:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31448 Wed 12 May 2021 17:44:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28306 Wed 12 May 2021 17:24:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20679 Wed 12 May 2021 17:17:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28764 Wed 12 May 2021 16:53:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35648 Wed 12 May 2021 16:43:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:24014 Wed 12 May 2021 16:35:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27256 Wed 12 May 2021 16:35:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39084 Wed 12 May 2021 16:32:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28696 Wed 12 May 2021 16:27:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33488 Wed 12 May 2021 16:21:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28267 Wed 12 May 2021 16:18:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21281 Wed 12 May 2021 16:15:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39113 Wed 12 May 2021 16:13:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32834 Wed 12 May 2021 16:06:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27221 Wed 12 May 2021 15:52:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40607 0.05) and values of >0.20 were recorded in 40 percent (108/277) of all the isolates. The resistant genes ampC, blaOXA, tetA, tetM, dfr1, sul1, sul2, ermB, nptII and strA were detected in two or more Vibrio isolates while the SXT intergrase was detected only in one isolate. Seven of the 18 extreme drug resistant isolates possessed 1–3 plasmids of 1.5–10 kb range. A total of 321 presumptive Staphylococcus aureus isolates were recovered by culture out of which 202 (62.9 percent ) were identified as S. aureus by PCR. Of these, 33 (16.3 percent ) strains were mecA positive while the rest, 169 (83.7 percent ) were mecA negative. The sensitivity and specificity of MRSA detection by use of cefoxitin disc (30 μg) test was 93.9 percent and 91.7 percent , that for oxacillin screen agar test (6 μg/mL) was 81.8 percent and 92.3 percent while that of BrillianceTM MRSATM 2 agar was 87.9 percent and 94.1 percent respectively. Staphylococcal enterotoxin SEE was detected in 12.1 percent (4/33) of total strains followed by SEA 3.0 percent (1/33), and SEC 3.0 percent (1/33). SEB and SED were absent. Six of the isolates had the PVL gene, giving a prevalence of 18.2 percent . The most frequently detected SCCmec type was SCCmec type III (17/33; 51.5 percent ), closely followed by SCCmec subtype IVc (10/33; 30.3 percent ) and the least were SCCmec types I and II with only 3.0 percent (1/33) each. The rest four (4/33; 12.1 percent ) did not belong to any of the above types and were therefore considered to belong to other subtypes of SCCmec type IV not tested in the study. For antibiogram patterns, 12 (36.4 percent ) strains were resistant to doxycyline, 10 (30.3 percent ) to trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole, 9 (27.3 percent ) to tetracycline and only 1 (3.0 percent ) strain was resistant to ciprofloxacin. Nineteen (57.6 percent ) of the MRSA strains had vancomycin MIC of ≤ 2 μg/mL, 4 (12.1 percent ) with MIC range of 4-8 μg/mL, and 10 (30.3 percent ) with values ≥ 16 μg/mL. Overall, 27 (91.percent) isolates showed simultaneous resistance to 3 or more antibiotics. The resistant genes tetM, tetA, ermB, BlaZ femA were detected in two or more strains resistant to various antimicrobials. Resistance to rifampicin was not caused by mutations in the rpoB gene. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first study reporting a broad, and diverse bacteria flora of skin, gill, and gut of the South African dusky kob as well as the first study on human pathogenic vibrios, and MRSA from marine finfish especially those from recirculatory aquaculture systems. Also, our study revealed that Vibrio species with pathogenic potential are present in marine dusky kob and its environs. Dusky kob is contaminated with CA- MRSA and HA- MRSA that may cause difficult to treat infections with regular antibiotics. Some of the MRSA strains contained toxins that can cause food-borne gastroeneteritis. The present study revealed that MRSA and Vibrio species are potential reservoirs for antibiotic resistant genes, which could be disseminated to other bacterial species probably through plasmids, a public health risk.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 14:37:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40606 Wed 12 May 2021 14:20:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21127 Tue 27 Jun 2023 06:22:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21251 Tue 13 Jun 2023 08:25:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31345 Thu 13 May 2021 17:02:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28707 Thu 13 May 2021 16:40:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29284 Thu 13 May 2021 13:20:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27650 Thu 13 May 2021 08:25:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28894 Thu 13 May 2021 08:13:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26387 Thu 13 May 2021 07:27:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28483 Thu 13 May 2021 07:24:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21353 Thu 13 May 2021 07:22:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:25130 Thu 13 May 2021 07:02:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:25020 0.05; d<0.2), the magnitude of impairment in psychomotor function (p>0.05; d = 0.37), visual attention (p>0.05; d = 0.56), working memory (p>0.05; d = 0.61) and executive function (p>0.05; d = 0.58) was larger in schoolboy batters. In both samples, the simulation altered the modulation of heart rate significantly. Heart rate variability decreased linearly with time spent batting (p<0.01; d>0.8). During cognitive assessments, heart rate variability increased with time-on-task, where responses were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the last task of the battery compared to the first. Importantly, the results of the retest phase were the same as in the test phase and only two condition effects were observed; (i) heart rate (retest lower: p<0.04;d = 0.39), (ii) body mass (retest lower: p<0.03;d = 0.09). A task-related condition effect in heart rate variability (PNN30) was also observed (retest higher: p<0.03; d = not calculated). Resultantly, the test-retest reliability of phase 2 and 3 was high. The results indicate that prolonged intermittent batting at an intensity of 64-77 %HRmax impaired cognitive functioning in amateur batters. However, the cardiovascular and muscular strain induced by prolonged intermittent batting and its effects on cognitive functioning are mediated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors (age, training status, playing experience and hydration). Therefore, while prolonged batting has similar effects on cognitive functioning as acute bouts of physical activity, they do not share the same relationship. The author hypothesises that the continuous cognitive component inherent in prolonged batting mitigates the beneficial effects of physical activity, as demonstrated previously. Future research is needed to elucidate this relationship. Additionally, player experience affects the way in which batters regulate performance while batting; which also affects the rate of and magnitude of impairment during batting. Finally, the methodological limitations of this study provide direction for future research into batting.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 07:01:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29186 Thu 13 May 2021 06:45:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34305 Thu 13 May 2021 06:41:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32310 Thu 13 May 2021 06:06:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27810 Thu 13 May 2021 05:59:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30764 0.05). Virulence factors are important for the pathogenesis of H. pylori. All the 48 clinical isolates were glmM (140 bp) positive and cagA was detected in 97.9 percent of the test isolates. The vacA gene was detected in all isolates but with different subtypes. The vacA allelic combination s1m1 was detected in 75 percent of the test isolates and s1m2 allelic combination was detected in 16.7 percent of the test isolates while the combination s2m2 was detected in 8.3 percent of the test isolates. None of the test isolates possessed the allelic combination s2m1. When H. pylori multiplication was monitored under acidic conditions in the presence of anti-urease active compounds, it was revealed that anti-urease active compounds in honey are capable of inhibiting the normal multiplication of H. pylori strains that are cagA positive, vacA positive and drug resistant. The GC-MS analysis showed that Fleures honey (urease I percent = 67.8 – 68.5 percent) and Gold Crest honey (urease I percent = 50.9 percent – 53.3 percent), all petroleum ether extracts had 27 and 26 volatile compounds. The hexane extract of Manuka honey (urease I percent = 50.0 – 53.2) had 43 compounds detected. The chloroform extract of Q Bee (urease I percent = 64.2 – 66.2 percent) had 13 volatile compounds detected. All the volatile compounds considered as representative samples of GC-MS analysis had a spectral matching ≥ 90 percent with the NIST11 library. However, the majority of compounds that were detected by LC-MS in representative honey extracts include vardenafil, urapidil, hydrocortisone, e.t.c which are drugs commonly used in the treatment of different ailments or infections that affect human beings. In addition, two xi drugs, sulfaquinoxaline and hydroxyquinoline which are used in veterinary medicine and antiseptic, disinfectant and pesticide applications in agricultural activities were detected in Little Bee honey. We therefore conclude that inhibition of urease has a bactericidal effect on drug resistant, cagA positive and vacA positive H. pylori strains growing under acidic environment.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 05:55:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32562 Thu 13 May 2021 05:43:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37199 Thu 13 May 2021 05:26:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:22361 Thu 13 May 2021 05:25:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29504 Thu 13 May 2021 05:06:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28116 Thu 13 May 2021 04:40:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31624 Thu 13 May 2021 04:33:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27501 Thu 13 May 2021 04:10:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28761 Thu 13 May 2021 03:59:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34353 Thu 13 May 2021 03:53:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28900 Thu 13 May 2021 03:48:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29404 Thu 13 May 2021 03:46:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29377 Thu 13 May 2021 03:27:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21289 Thu 13 May 2021 03:07:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33400 1 mg/ml. Methanol extracts of both the wild and cultivated species exhibited almost the same level of toxicity (0.695 mg/ml and 0.628 mg/ml, respectively). Based on the Bastos criterion of toxicity indices of the lethality test, all the plant fractions demonstrated cytotoxicity effect, although the degree of their toxicity varied among the plants used. Standard spectrophotometry assays were used to quantify the phytochemical contents and to determine the antioxidant potentials of the cultivated and wild A. amatymbica. The results revealed different levels of phytochemicals with corresponding antioxidant activities. The wild extracts had higher phytochemical contents in most of the assays than cultivated extracts. Total phenol in the wild extracts ranged from 32.30±3.43 to 117.8±8.45 mg GAE/g with the acetone extracts having the highest content while the water extracts was the least. The range in the total phenol of the cultivated species was 66.46±5.29 to 98.44±6.08 mg GAE/g with the methanol extracts having the highest content while water extracts was the least. The flavonoids content ranged from 55.01±6.51 to 99.09±7.20 mg QE/mg and from 48.65±7.74 to 67.32±4.1 mg QE/mg for the wild and cultivated plants, respectively. The alkaloids contents ranged from 14.70±0.04 to 17.80±0.015 percent in the wild species while it ranged from 11.98±0.14 to 13.21±0.06 percent in the cultivated species. The wild species also showed higher antioxidant activities in most of the assays evaluated. The study revealed successful cultivation of the wild species of Alepidea amatymbica using fragments from the rhizome. The micromorphological study of both the wild and cultivated species showed minimal differences in the helical thickening of the walls in the xylem vessels and starch grain accumulation pattern. Although herbal medicine practitioners believe that cultivated species are not potent, however this study revealed some levels of phytochemicals contents and antioxidant activities which are comparable to the wild species. Cultivation is a major strategy in conserving nature and their resources. Hence, the successful domestication of A. amatymbica would help in reducing the pressure on the wild species while also meeting their medicinal demands purposes, utilisation and conserving for future generations.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 02:38:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27876 Thu 13 May 2021 02:25:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28487 Thu 13 May 2021 01:54:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28927 Thu 13 May 2021 01:52:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27409 Thu 13 May 2021 01:51:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33431 Thu 13 May 2021 01:20:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27180 Thu 13 May 2021 01:11:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29180 Thu 13 May 2021 01:05:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27303 Thu 13 May 2021 00:58:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28943 Thu 13 May 2021 00:38:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20936 Thu 13 May 2021 00:36:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27590 Thu 13 May 2021 00:34:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33166 Thu 13 May 2021 00:20:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21337 Thu 06 Jul 2023 12:12:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20992 Thu 06 Apr 2023 14:21:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27442 Thu 01 Feb 2024 09:48:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:25133 Thu 01 Feb 2024 09:48:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29314 Mon 22 Aug 2022 14:58:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:25406 Mon 12 Jun 2023 12:34:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21322 Mon 10 Oct 2022 14:27:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21285 Mon 03 Jul 2023 08:41:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21089 Fri 07 Jul 2023 06:30:13 SAST ]]>