https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3311 Wed 12 May 2021 23:47:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5660 Wed 12 May 2021 23:31:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1594 Wed 12 May 2021 23:26:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9053 Wed 12 May 2021 23:21:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11275 0.05). The newer fluoroquinolones are a possible alternative treatment option for S. maltophilia infections in this environment but further studies and clinical investigations are needed to determine the in vivo efficacy of these drugs.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 22:57:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9836 Wed 12 May 2021 22:37:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1657 Wed 12 May 2021 21:03:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11321 Wed 12 May 2021 20:55:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8274 Wed 12 May 2021 20:25:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10654 Wed 12 May 2021 20:09:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11810 Wed 12 May 2021 20:07:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8275 Wed 12 May 2021 20:07:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9298 Wed 12 May 2021 19:56:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10418 Wed 12 May 2021 19:53:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9452 Wed 12 May 2021 19:52:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8498 Wed 12 May 2021 19:49:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11175 Wed 12 May 2021 19:48:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8266 Wed 12 May 2021 19:44:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10135 Wed 12 May 2021 19:42:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10754 Wed 12 May 2021 19:39:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3751 Wed 12 May 2021 19:31:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4825 Wed 12 May 2021 19:22:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9346 Wed 12 May 2021 19:19:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1825 Wed 12 May 2021 19:18:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10090 Wed 12 May 2021 19:18:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16168 Wed 12 May 2021 19:16:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8261 Wed 12 May 2021 19:15:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5331 Wed 12 May 2021 19:04:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9009 Wed 12 May 2021 18:56:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8797 Wed 12 May 2021 18:51:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16218 Wed 12 May 2021 18:43:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2959 Wed 12 May 2021 18:36:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8184 Wed 12 May 2021 18:33:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9012 Wed 12 May 2021 18:29:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11945 Wed 12 May 2021 18:00:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9945 Wed 12 May 2021 17:56:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11324 Wed 12 May 2021 17:46:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9062 Wed 12 May 2021 17:46:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5788 90% in the last 130 years), the cause(s)of which are unknown. There is a paucity of data on this species in the South Atlantic Ocean, therefore their trophic ecology at Tristan da Cunha was studied, specifically focusing on diet, using stomach content analysis and stable isotope analysis (SIA), in conjunction with an analysis of diving behaviour, assessed using temperature-depth recorders. In order to evaluate the influence of gender on foraging, a morphometric investigation of sexual dimorphism was confirmed using molecular analysis. Additionally, plasma corticosterone levels were measured to examine breeding stage and presence of blood parasites as potential sources of stress during the breeding season. Northern Rockhopper penguins at Tristan da Cunha displayed a high degree of foraging plasticity, and fed opportunistically on a wide variety of prey, probably reflecting local small-scale changes in prey distribution. Zooplankton dominated (by mass) the diet of guard stage females, whereas small meso-pelagic fish (predominantly Photichthyidae)dominated diet of adults of both sexes in the crèche stage, with cephalopods contributing equally in both stages. Adults consistently fed chicks on lower-trophic level prey (assessed using SIA), probably zooplankton, than they consumed themselves indicating that the increasing demands of growing chicks were not met by adults through provisioning of higher- quality prey. SIA also indicated that adults foraged in different oceanic water masses when feeding for self-maintenance and for chick provisioning, thus temporally segregating the prey consumed for different purposes. It is possible that adults ‘selected’ these higher quality prey for themselves, or this may be a reflection of opportunistic behaviour. At Tristan da Cunha sexual dimorphism was observed in culmen dimensions (length, depth, width), with males having larger beaks and feeding on larger individuals of squid and fish than females. No sexual segregation in terms of foraging habitat (i.e. different water masses, based on ð¹³N or trophic level ð¹⁵N) during the breeding season or pre-moult period was revealed through SIA, and stomach content analysis revealed no sexual differences in prey species targeted. The results of SIA of feathers indicate that during the pre-moult period birds foraged in different water masses than during the breeding period. The fact that throughout the breeding season birds foraged in similar habitats suggests no intra-specific competition, despite both sexes feeding on the same prey.Birds were generally diurnal, daily foragers (12 – 16 hr trips), with extended trips (maximum duration 35.5 hours) and nocturnal diving recorded in a few individuals. Birds dived well within their physiological limits, predominantly utilising the upper 20m of the water column, employing two different strategies to target different prey items. Long, deep (30 – 40 m), energetically costly dives were performed when targeting energy-rich prey (fish), and a greater number of shorter, shallower (5 – 20 m), energy-efficient dives were performed when targeting prey with a lower energy content (zooplankton). More than half of the sampled study population were infected with the intra-cellular blood parasite Babesia, but infection showed no relationship to body mass, corticosterone levels or breeding success. Fasting birds showed no signs of elevated corticosterone levels, suggesting they had acquired sufficient fat reserves prior to breeding. Failed breeders did not exhibit elevated corticosterone levels. Tristan skuas, Catharacta antarctica hamiltoni, were observed to be a significant cause of egg and chick mortality. The absence of sex-based differences in foraging, and the absence of any signs of stress in relation to body mass, presence of Babesia or breeding stage, suggest that there are no obvious signs of high levels of stress or food limitations during breeding at Tristan da Cunha.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 17:44:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:18469 Wed 12 May 2021 17:40:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1961 Wed 12 May 2021 17:36:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1536 Wed 12 May 2021 17:16:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1001 Wed 12 May 2021 17:14:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1002 Wed 12 May 2021 17:14:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1580 Wed 12 May 2021 16:47:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11956 Wed 12 May 2021 16:46:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3866 Wed 12 May 2021 16:33:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10508 Wed 12 May 2021 16:32:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8940 Wed 12 May 2021 16:30:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11434 Wed 12 May 2021 16:12:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5493 Wed 12 May 2021 15:59:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11838 Wed 12 May 2021 15:44:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41186 Wed 12 May 2021 14:40:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11435 Thu 13 May 2021 16:47:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9110 Thu 13 May 2021 14:48:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11181 Thu 13 May 2021 14:07:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11332 Thu 13 May 2021 07:34:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10543 Thu 13 May 2021 07:18:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9403 Thu 13 May 2021 07:08:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2633 Thu 13 May 2021 06:59:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5987 Thu 13 May 2021 06:24:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5476 Thu 13 May 2021 06:18:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10316 125 μg/ml. These results suggest that the extract may be selective for specific cell types. Bio-assay guided fractionation of the S. ellipticum ethanolic extract yielded two active fractions; chloroform and ethyl acetate. Two compounds isolated from the chloroform extract were screened against the three cancer cell lines and found to be inactive. Three compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and revealed IC50 values < 62.5 and < 31 μg/ml against MCF-7. Unfortunately these two compounds soon lost activity before any further work could be done on them and work was continued with the crude extract.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 05:53:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11551 Thu 13 May 2021 05:35:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5104 Thu 13 May 2021 05:24:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16190 Thu 13 May 2021 05:23:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1560 Thu 13 May 2021 04:54:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3863 Thu 13 May 2021 04:54:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10237 Thu 13 May 2021 04:34:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4748 Thu 13 May 2021 04:27:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5124 0.05) differences for muscle activity between conditions, except for the semitendinosus muscle, which was significantly (p< 0.05) higher during the control condition while running at high speeds. Players‘ heart rates, core temperatures and perceptual responses were significantly (p< 0.05) higher during the experimental condition, compared to the control condition. Performance responses were significantly (p< 0.05) lower during the experimental condition. Conclusion: The main driver of physiological and perceptual responses was the exercise itself. However, the additional clothing and protective gear exacerbated the responses, particularly towards the end stages of the protocol. This negatively impacted players‘ performance. Muscle activity appeared to be unaffected by increased body temperatures. However, core temperatures never reached critically high levels during either condition.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 04:19:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8786 Thu 13 May 2021 04:19:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10517 Thu 13 May 2021 04:19:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9563 Thu 13 May 2021 04:15:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10383 Thu 13 May 2021 04:14:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9983 Thu 13 May 2021 04:14:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16174 Thu 13 May 2021 04:08:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11673 Thu 13 May 2021 03:57:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11943 Thu 13 May 2021 03:47:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10721 150 percent) in the high density nesting beaches compared to the low density nesting beaches within and among seasons however further investigations are required. Artificial light (range: 0.045–0.5 lux) is an active deterrent of female emergences while ambient light, even under extreme conditions such as lightning during electric storms (up to 8.2 lux), appears to have no observable influence on the spatial or temporal distributions of emergences. Social facilitation appears unlikely as a primary nest site selection factor for loggerheads. It may however, play a minor secondary role to preferred areas or hotspots. Sea-finding in post-nesting female loggerheads appears to be driven exclusively by visual cues such as the light horizon, with minimal to no influence from other cues (the sound of the breakers, slope or smell of the ocean) which solidify the visual system’s use in sea-finding. This research on the nest site selection of loggerheads and the sensory systems involved in this process has added valuable information to the limited pool of knowledge already present and has created a solid framework on which further investigations can be based. Future work in this field should focus on integrating a suite of sensory stimuli and cues to receive a greater understanding of the sensory systems used in nest site selection.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 03:34:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11556 Thu 13 May 2021 03:32:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:18439 Thu 13 May 2021 02:57:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3317 Thu 13 May 2021 02:44:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10484 Thu 13 May 2021 02:40:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5297 Thu 13 May 2021 02:27:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10545 Thu 13 May 2021 02:25:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8784 Thu 13 May 2021 02:10:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9010 Thu 13 May 2021 01:53:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10241 Thu 13 May 2021 01:45:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8783 Thu 13 May 2021 01:39:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9408 Thu 13 May 2021 01:25:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9648 Thu 13 May 2021 01:20:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11542 Thu 13 May 2021 01:20:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9808 Thu 13 May 2021 01:13:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:883 Thu 13 May 2021 00:51:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9810 Thu 13 May 2021 00:17:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9943 Thu 13 May 2021 00:08:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4057 Thu 13 May 2021 00:06:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11274 Thu 13 May 2021 00:04:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2758 Thu 01 Feb 2024 09:47:31 SAST ]]>