https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41962 Wed 26 Oct 2022 16:01:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:54939 Wed 17 Aug 2022 14:39:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:54946 Wed 17 Aug 2022 14:34:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:54941 Wed 17 Aug 2022 13:03:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38983 Wed 12 May 2021 20:11:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37893 Wed 12 May 2021 20:10:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36424 Wed 12 May 2021 18:00:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38544 Wed 12 May 2021 17:08:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34583 Wed 12 May 2021 15:54:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41963 Wed 12 May 2021 15:10:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41964 Wed 12 May 2021 15:07:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42178 Wed 12 May 2021 15:05:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42472 Wed 12 May 2021 15:04:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41920 Wed 12 May 2021 15:01:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42150 Wed 12 May 2021 15:00:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42174 Wed 12 May 2021 15:00:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42149 Wed 12 May 2021 14:56:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42024 Wed 12 May 2021 14:54:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42170 Wed 12 May 2021 14:54:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42195 Wed 12 May 2021 14:51:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42477 Wed 12 May 2021 14:48:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41961 Wed 12 May 2021 14:45:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42204 Wed 12 May 2021 14:45:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42454 Wed 12 May 2021 14:45:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42471 Wed 12 May 2021 14:45:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42038 Wed 12 May 2021 14:38:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42133 Wed 12 May 2021 14:36:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42957 Wed 12 May 2021 14:35:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42189 Wed 12 May 2021 14:34:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42198 Wed 12 May 2021 14:30:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42052 Wed 12 May 2021 14:30:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41959 Wed 12 May 2021 14:28:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42196 Wed 12 May 2021 14:25:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42171 Wed 12 May 2021 14:22:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42475 Wed 12 May 2021 14:19:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42021 Wed 12 May 2021 14:18:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42049 Wed 12 May 2021 14:18:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42134 Wed 12 May 2021 14:17:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42199 Wed 12 May 2021 14:12:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42473 Wed 12 May 2021 14:11:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42201 Wed 12 May 2021 14:10:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42208 Wed 12 May 2021 14:10:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42147 Wed 12 May 2021 14:05:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42179 Wed 12 May 2021 14:02:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42023 Wed 12 May 2021 14:02:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42172 Wed 12 May 2021 13:59:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41938 Wed 12 May 2021 13:58:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42051 Wed 12 May 2021 13:56:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41958 Wed 12 May 2021 13:55:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42200 Wed 12 May 2021 13:53:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42474 Wed 12 May 2021 13:51:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42175 Wed 12 May 2021 13:49:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42108 3.76 × 10 − 10 ( 4a ) > 3.52 × 10 − 10 ( 4c ) > 2.29 × 10 − 10 ( 3c ) > 1.68 × 10 − 10 ( 3a ) > 1.65 × 10 − 10 ( 3b ) mW - 1 . The 휷 values trend of synthesized Pc complexes show that the asymmetrical A 3 B type metal free, cobalt and zinc Pc complexes ( 4a , 4b and 4c ) have larger 휷 values as compared to the octa - substituted symmetrical metal free, cobalt and zinc Pc complexes ( 3a , 3b and 3c ) which is attributed to the low symmetry of the Pc complexes. The five - level model rate equations were used to determine the two photon absorption, excited state absorption and ground state absorption cross sections of the synthesized complexes. The z inc A 3 B type asymmetrical Pc complexes gave the largest two photon absorption and 휎 푒 / 휎 푔 ratio values. This Pc complex could be used in future work to enhance the nonlinear response further by introducing nanomaterials and converting the Pc complex to a binuclear Pc. This work also reports on the density functional theory (DFT) calculations o f dipolar/octupolar contributions in order to study the first order hyperpolarizability of the synthesized Pc complexes.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 13:45:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62349 Wed 08 Mar 2023 15:40:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:63259 Wed 05 Apr 2023 15:19:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:55321 Tue 30 Aug 2022 15:26:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:55420 Tue 30 Aug 2022 15:19:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:55571 Tue 30 Aug 2022 12:33:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42177 Tue 12 Oct 2021 12:38:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:59958 Tue 10 Jan 2023 11:21:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:64144 Tue 09 May 2023 11:39:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:63096 Thu 30 Mar 2023 15:27:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:63097 Thu 30 Mar 2023 15:03:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42759 10 m depth) and inshore sites (intertidal surf zones). Many sites in the bay, especially the atypical site at Cape Recife, exhibit higher than the average pH levels (>8.04), suggesting that pH variability may be biologically driven. This is further evidenced by high diurnal variability in pH (~0.55 pH units). Although the specific drivers of the high pH variability in Algoa Bay could not be identified, baseline carbonate chemistry conditions were identified, which is necessary information to design and interpret biological experiments. Long-term, continuous monitoring is required to improve understanding of the drivers of pH variability in understudied coastal regions, like Algoa Bay. A local fisheries species, D. capensis, was selected as a model species to assess the impacts of future OA scenarios in Algoa Bay. It was hypothesized that this temperate, coastally distributed species would be adapted to naturally variable pH conditions and thus show some tolerance to low pH, considering that they are exposed to minimum pH levels of 7.77 and fluctuations of up to 0.55 pH units. Laboratory perturbation experiments were used to expose early postflexion stage of D. capensis to a range of pH treatments that were selected based on the measured local variability (~8.0–7.7 pH), as well as future projected OA scenarios (7.6–7.2 pH). Physiological responses were estimated using intermittent flow respirometry by quantifying routine and active metabolic rates as well as relative aerobic scope at each pH treatment. The behavioural responses of the larvae were also assessed at each pH treatment, as activity levels, by measuring swimming distance and speed in video-recording experiments, as well as feeding rates. D. capensis had sufficient physiological capacity to maintain metabolic performance at pH levels as low as 7.27, as evidenced by no changes in any of the measured metabolic rates (routine metabolic rate, active metabolic rate, and relative aerobic scope) after exposure to the range of pH treatments (8.02–7.27). Feeding rates of D. capensis were similarly unaffected by pH treatment. However, it appears that subtle increases in activity level (measured by swimming distance and swimming speed experiments) occur with a decrease in pH. These changes in activity level were a consequence of a change in behaviour rather than metabolic constraints. This study concludes, however, that based on the parameters measured, there is no evidence for survival or fitness related consequences of near future OA on D. capensis. OA research is still in its infancy in South Africa, and the potential impacts of OA to local marine resources has not yet been considered in local policy and resource management strategies. Integrating field monitoring and laboratory perturbation experiments is emerging as best practice in OA research. This is the first known study on the temperate south coast of South Africa to quantify local pH variability and to use this information to evaluate the biological response of a local species using relevant local OA scenarios as treatment levels for current and near future conditions. Research on local conditions in situ and the potential impacts of future OA scenarios on socio-economically valuable species, following the model developed in this study, is necessary to provide national policy makers with relevant scientific data to inform climate change management policies for local resources.]]> Thu 29 Sep 2022 12:42:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62787 Thu 23 Mar 2023 15:27:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37903 Thu 13 May 2021 08:46:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38466 Thu 13 May 2021 05:58:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35422 Thu 13 May 2021 05:26:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34556 Thu 13 May 2021 04:40:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35414 Thu 13 May 2021 02:20:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38734 Thu 13 May 2021 02:11:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35677 Thu 13 May 2021 01:27:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39575 2500g), and,therefore,most likely term gestation. Saving Babies further reported that 22.9% of all live births in South Africa was premature and 22.8% of birthswere unexplained intra-uterine deaths. Prematurity is one major complication of chorioamnionitis. When susceptibility for chorioamnionitis is considered during early pregnancy, it is possible to intervene and prevent or even reduce the incidences and complications of chorioamnionitis.A qualitative research study was conducted in three phases. In Phase One(Part One), a theoretically constructed patient scenario of chorioamnionitis was presented to ten midwives,and semi-structured individual interviews were done to elicit information regarding how they screen for and manage chorioamnionitis. In Phase One(Part Two), experienced medical practitioners in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology were individually interviewed, also using semi-structured individual interviewsto gain their views regarding chorioamnionitis as a contributing factor to maternal morbidity and mortality. Qualitative findings in Phase Oneindicated that there is a general lack of knowledge regarding chorioamnionitis among midwives, resulting ininadequate screening, misdiagnosis and mismanagement of the condition. Experienced medical practitioners confirmed that chorioamnionitis is underdiagnosed, misdiagnosed or undiagnosed and underreported,and they hold views that it is difficult to treat and control pregnancy-related infections according to current practice.An integrative literature review was conductedin Phase Twoand literature regarding diagnostic biomarkers, screening options to diagnose chorioamnionitis and management of chorioamnionitis were extracted. After evidence synthesisofPhase Oneand Phase Twodata, a best practice guidelinefor screening and managing viiwomen withchorioamnionitiswas developed usingthe National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guideline development approach in Phase Three. The purpose of the best practice guideline for screening and managing women with chorioamnionitis was to provide a guideline onhow to manage women who are at risk and those who present with signs and symptoms of chorioamnionitis at any stage during their pregnancy. Five recommendations were made that involve screening for chorioamnionitisand causative factors, biomarkers to diagnose chorioamnionitis, management of chorioamnionitis that includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological management, and health education to women.Ethics for this research study were guided by the ethical principles and guidelines of the Belmont Report. The trustworthiness of this research study was adopted from Ravitch and Carl,and was based on criticality, reflexivity, collaboration, and rigour. An independent coder and reviewer wereto verify the data that were included in the best practice guideline. Expert reviewersappraised the best practice guidelineusing Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tools.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 01:25:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41735 Thu 12 Jan 2023 11:54:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62422 Thu 09 Mar 2023 15:32:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62386 Thu 09 Mar 2023 12:02:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62370 Thu 09 Mar 2023 09:22:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:59976 Thu 08 Dec 2022 22:40:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:63986 Thu 04 May 2023 11:21:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62093 Thu 02 Mar 2023 15:13:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62078 Thu 02 Mar 2023 15:06:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62074 Thu 02 Mar 2023 14:59:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62687 Mon 20 Mar 2023 16:09:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:60123 Mon 12 Dec 2022 15:31:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:60092 Mon 12 Dec 2022 11:06:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62181 Mon 06 Mar 2023 12:27:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62172 Mon 06 Mar 2023 11:24:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62150 Mon 06 Mar 2023 10:33:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:63844 Fri 28 Apr 2023 11:47:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62483 Fri 24 Mar 2023 09:15:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42666 Fri 20 Aug 2021 18:16:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:64397 Fri 19 May 2023 15:31:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:64343 Fri 19 May 2023 12:23:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62444 Fri 10 Mar 2023 12:32:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62437 Fri 10 Mar 2023 10:49:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62436 Fri 10 Mar 2023 10:03:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62435 Fri 10 Mar 2023 09:00:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42109 80%. The formulation composition identified was subsequently used for the optimization of the manufacturing parameters viz. sonication time and amplitude, using a Central Composite Design (CCD) . The LC and EE, in vitro CLA release, cytotoxicity, osmolarity, pH, degree of crystallinity and lipid modification, elemental analysis and surface morphology of the optimized batch was investigated and mon itored to ensure that CLA - loaded NLC, of the desirable quality, had been produced. On the day of manufacture the mean PS and PDI of the optimized CLA - loaded NLC formulation adjusted to physiological osmolarity (250 – 450 mOsm/kg) was 461.9 ± 40.16 nm and 0. 523 ± 0.104, respectively. The ZP for the optimized NLC generated on the day of manufacture using HPLC grade water as the dispersion medium was - 20.5 ± 4.82 mV. The pH and osmolarity of the optimized CLA - loaded NLC formulation was 7.76 ± 0.01 and 316 ± iii 2 m Osm/Kg, respectively and the EE was 88.62 ± 0.23 %. The optimized NLC exhibited a decreased crystallinity in comparison to the bulk lipid materials. DSC, WAXS and FT - IR revealed that CLA was molecularly dispersed in the nanocarriers. The optimized CLA - load ed NLC exhibited muco - adhesive properties, when tested under stationary conditions using laser doppler anemometry (LDA). The optimized formulation also exhibited sustained release of CLA over 24 hours during in vitro release testing and CLA release was bes t described using the Baker - Lonsdale model . The cumulative % CLA released over 24 hours was 56.13 ± 0.23% and mass balance analysis revealed 41.38 ± 0.02% CLA had been retained in the NLC. In vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the optimized CLA - NLC w ere less cytotoxic to HeLa cells when compared to CLA alone and further confirmed that the lipids and excipients used in these studies were of GRAS status . Stability studies revealed that the EE reduced over 28 days by 14.42% and 5.14% when stored at 4 °C and 22 °C , respectively. In addition, the particle size increased from the nm to μm range for samples stored at 22 °C. The findings are a good starting point but require further optimization to ensure prolongation of stability. In addition , the technology requires additional developmental studies and a powder for reconstitution for use as a single - dose considered as single dose packaging may be a solution to the compromised formulation stability observed in these studies. The CLA - NLC produced in these stu dies exhibit sound product attributes which serve as a useful foundation for the novel delivery of antibiotics to the eye. The results suggest that the optimized NLC have the potential to enhance precorneal retention and increase ocular availability of CLA , which in turn may be useful to reduce the required dose and dosing frequency when administering CLA as a reconstituted solution to treat susceptible organisms that infect ocular tissues.]]> Fri 06 Aug 2021 09:14:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62120 Fri 03 Mar 2023 11:24:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62119 Fri 03 Mar 2023 10:05:23 SAST ]]>