https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 Defended subjectivity in service-learning:a psychosocial analysis of students’ talk about service-learning in psychology https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41962 Wed 26 Oct 2022 16:01:49 SAST ]]> Industrial attachment and graduate employability in technical vocational education and training: a case of agriculture education in Zimbabwe https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:54939 Wed 17 Aug 2022 14:39:15 SAST ]]> Rethinking our understanding of career decision making: the views of students at a selected South African TVET colleges on what influences their career decisions https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:54946 Wed 17 Aug 2022 14:34:11 SAST ]]> Exploring the adaptation challenges faced by novice foundation phase teachers in the Nelson Mandela Metropole https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:54941 Wed 17 Aug 2022 13:03:29 SAST ]]> Affirmative action and people with disabilities in the work place https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:66321 Wed 13 Mar 2024 11:17:45 SAST ]]> An integrated training and client service guidance framework for professional Accountants of SMES https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62120 Wed 13 Mar 2024 11:14:22 SAST ]]> The Influence of authentic leadership on the workplace safety culture in the tyre industry of South Africa https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62078 Wed 13 Mar 2024 10:54:26 SAST ]]> News for action: a critical case study of Yes! magazine https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41963 Wed 12 May 2021 15:10:23 SAST ]]> Infant health: a community-based assessment and educational intervention in two rural communities in the Eastern Cape. https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41964 Wed 12 May 2021 15:07:56 SAST ]]> In marketing, it’s either you have it or you don’t : a study of knowledge and knowers legitimated in the marketing diploma curriculum in South Africa https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42178 Wed 12 May 2021 15:05:54 SAST ]]> Reminiscing In Tempo : Ubangulo https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42472 Wed 12 May 2021 15:04:05 SAST ]]> Elucidating Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) invasion and enhancing its management in Eastern Africa : spread, socio-ecological impacts, and potential of a newly imported larval parasitoid for classical biological control Eastern in Africa https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41920 Wed 12 May 2021 15:01:32 SAST ]]> Exploring domestic workers’ subjectivities through stories of their personal childcare arrangements https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42150 Wed 12 May 2021 15:00:32 SAST ]]> An exploratory case study on the barriers, challenges and benefits of sustainability reporting by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42149 Wed 12 May 2021 14:56:14 SAST ]]> An investigation into the mediation of the representation of gender roles in God of women : a critical discourse analysis of pedagogic practices in selected Namibian schools https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42195 Wed 12 May 2021 14:51:36 SAST ]]> Cognitive justice and environmental learning in South African social movements https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42477 Wed 12 May 2021 14:48:51 SAST ]]> Chave Chemutengure Vhiri Rengoro : Husarungano Nerwendo Rwengano Dzevashona https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42454 Wed 12 May 2021 14:45:08 SAST ]]> Economic impact of climate change on maize production in the Free State Province, South Africa https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42471 Wed 12 May 2021 14:45:02 SAST ]]> Policy and practice of inclusive education for mainstream secondary teachers supporting learners with physical disabilities in the Lower Shire, Malawi https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42038 Wed 12 May 2021 14:38:10 SAST ]]> Probing the binding sites of novel 2-substituted imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acids : Towards new imidazole-based drugs https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42957 Wed 12 May 2021 14:35:33 SAST ]]> An online information security Aaareness model: the disclosure of personal data https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42189 Wed 12 May 2021 14:34:11 SAST ]]> Evaluation of metallophthalocyanine functionalized photocatalytic asymmetric polymer membranes for pollution control and antimicrobial activity https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42052 Wed 12 May 2021 14:30:41 SAST ]]> Parametrised gains for direction-dependent calibration https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42196 Wed 12 May 2021 14:25:43 SAST ]]> How art-as-therapy supports participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia : a phenomenological investigation https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42171 Wed 12 May 2021 14:22:34 SAST ]]> A proposed framework for the development of urban agriculture in South African cities https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42475 Wed 12 May 2021 14:19:58 SAST ]]> Evaluating the cyber security skills gap relating to penetration testing https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42021 Wed 12 May 2021 14:18:43 SAST ]]> Asymmetric price transmission: an empirical analysis of the relationship between UG-2 chrome ore, charge chrome, nickel and Chinese domestic 304 stainless steel cold rolled coil https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42049 Wed 12 May 2021 14:18:20 SAST ]]> An evaluation of co-management practices: A case of a South African platinum mine management and the local community https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42134 Wed 12 May 2021 14:17:35 SAST ]]> An exploration of working with grade 11 life sciences educators on the use of Virtual Lab to mediate learning of energy transformations https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42473 Wed 12 May 2021 14:11:11 SAST ]]> Development and calidation of the psychometric properties underpinning the Kwaito Music Attitude and Perception Scale (KMP) https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42208 Wed 12 May 2021 14:10:30 SAST ]]> How the leaders of an Eastern Cape development agency experienced a transition from specialist roles to the leadership roles and how this shaped their leadership identity https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42147 Wed 12 May 2021 14:05:38 SAST ]]> High-resolution geological, petrological and geochemical investigation of the mid mid-lower c. 3.3 Ga Kromberg type type-section, Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa Africa https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42179 Wed 12 May 2021 14:02:30 SAST ]]> An exploratory study of psychologists’ perceptions of the phenomenon currently understood as ‘borderline personality disorder’ https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42023 Wed 12 May 2021 14:02:13 SAST ]]> Design patterns and software techniques for large-scale, open and reproducible data reduction https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42172 Wed 12 May 2021 13:59:27 SAST ]]> Investigating grade R teacher institutional identity presented in policy and expressed through narrative in a time of transition https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42051 Wed 12 May 2021 13:56:47 SAST ]]> Exploring the role of supervisors in developing employee commitment in a Namibian Public Institution from the subordinates’ perspective https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41958 Wed 12 May 2021 13:55:31 SAST ]]> Exploring learners’ proficiency in stoichiometry and attitudes towards science through Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) intervention https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42474 Wed 12 May 2021 13:51:58 SAST ]]> Kuntanshi yamikalile (The Future): speculative nonconformity in the works of Zambian visual artists https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42175 Wed 12 May 2021 13:49:43 SAST ]]> Synthesis, spectroscopic and nonlinear optical properties of asymmetric A3B type phthalocyanine complexes https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42108 3.76 × 10 − 10 ( 4a ) > 3.52 × 10 − 10 ( 4c ) > 2.29 × 10 − 10 ( 3c ) > 1.68 × 10 − 10 ( 3a ) > 1.65 × 10 − 10 ( 3b ) mW - 1 . The 휷 values trend of synthesized Pc complexes show that the asymmetrical A 3 B type metal free, cobalt and zinc Pc complexes ( 4a , 4b and 4c ) have larger 휷 values as compared to the octa - substituted symmetrical metal free, cobalt and zinc Pc complexes ( 3a , 3b and 3c ) which is attributed to the low symmetry of the Pc complexes. The five - level model rate equations were used to determine the two photon absorption, excited state absorption and ground state absorption cross sections of the synthesized complexes. The z inc A 3 B type asymmetrical Pc complexes gave the largest two photon absorption and 휎 푒 / 휎 푔 ratio values. This Pc complex could be used in future work to enhance the nonlinear response further by introducing nanomaterials and converting the Pc complex to a binuclear Pc. This work also reports on the density functional theory (DFT) calculations o f dipolar/octupolar contributions in order to study the first order hyperpolarizability of the synthesized Pc complexes.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 13:45:11 SAST ]]> The Impact of Official Development Assistance and Capital flight on Corruption and the impact of Official Development Assistance, Capital flight and Corruption on Economic growth in sub-Saharan African countries https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:63259 Wed 05 Apr 2023 15:19:35 SAST ]]> Changing anthropocentric ideology through a children’s storybook, tales of the Turtle https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71382 Tue 30 Jan 2024 08:36:42 SAST ]]> Community participation in selected public schools of Komani, Eastern Cape https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71379 Tue 30 Jan 2024 08:33:15 SAST ]]> The impact of leadership styles used by college heads on the functioning of TVET colleges in Limpopo https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:55321 Tue 30 Aug 2022 15:26:39 SAST ]]> The perception of school management teams and Teachers about their role to implement the national school nutrition programme in the Sisonke District in KwaZulu-Natal https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:55420 Tue 30 Aug 2022 15:19:39 SAST ]]> Integration of clinical legal education with procedural law modules https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:55571 Tue 30 Aug 2022 12:33:47 SAST ]]> Performance management of the academic staffs in Ugandan public and private universities https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69246 Tue 24 Oct 2023 16:17:52 SAST ]]> The Living Archive as Pedagogy: A Conceptual Case Study of Northern Uganda https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69226 Tue 24 Oct 2023 12:24:57 SAST ]]> A Literacy Project with community members: Designing translanguaging storybooks for a multilingual community https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69225 Tue 24 Oct 2023 10:15:54 SAST ]]> Prioritising biological control agents for release against Sporobolus pyramidalis and Sporobolus natalensis (Poaceae) in Australia https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42201 Tue 15 Aug 2023 11:29:30 SAST ]]> Mapping the transition from a traditional university into an entrepreneurial university https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42177 Tue 12 Oct 2021 12:38:18 SAST ]]> Coastal pH variability and the eco-physiological and behavioural response of a coastal fish species in light of future ocean acidification https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42759 10 m depth) and inshore sites (intertidal surf zones). Many sites in the bay, especially the atypical site at Cape Recife, exhibit higher than the average pH levels (>8.04), suggesting that pH variability may be biologically driven. This is further evidenced by high diurnal variability in pH (~0.55 pH units). Although the specific drivers of the high pH variability in Algoa Bay could not be identified, baseline carbonate chemistry conditions were identified, which is necessary information to design and interpret biological experiments. Long-term, continuous monitoring is required to improve understanding of the drivers of pH variability in understudied coastal regions, like Algoa Bay. A local fisheries species, D. capensis, was selected as a model species to assess the impacts of future OA scenarios in Algoa Bay. It was hypothesized that this temperate, coastally distributed species would be adapted to naturally variable pH conditions and thus show some tolerance to low pH, considering that they are exposed to minimum pH levels of 7.77 and fluctuations of up to 0.55 pH units. Laboratory perturbation experiments were used to expose early postflexion stage of D. capensis to a range of pH treatments that were selected based on the measured local variability (~8.0–7.7 pH), as well as future projected OA scenarios (7.6–7.2 pH). Physiological responses were estimated using intermittent flow respirometry by quantifying routine and active metabolic rates as well as relative aerobic scope at each pH treatment. The behavioural responses of the larvae were also assessed at each pH treatment, as activity levels, by measuring swimming distance and speed in video-recording experiments, as well as feeding rates. D. capensis had sufficient physiological capacity to maintain metabolic performance at pH levels as low as 7.27, as evidenced by no changes in any of the measured metabolic rates (routine metabolic rate, active metabolic rate, and relative aerobic scope) after exposure to the range of pH treatments (8.02–7.27). Feeding rates of D. capensis were similarly unaffected by pH treatment. However, it appears that subtle increases in activity level (measured by swimming distance and swimming speed experiments) occur with a decrease in pH. These changes in activity level were a consequence of a change in behaviour rather than metabolic constraints. This study concludes, however, that based on the parameters measured, there is no evidence for survival or fitness related consequences of near future OA on D. capensis. OA research is still in its infancy in South Africa, and the potential impacts of OA to local marine resources has not yet been considered in local policy and resource management strategies. Integrating field monitoring and laboratory perturbation experiments is emerging as best practice in OA research. This is the first known study on the temperate south coast of South Africa to quantify local pH variability and to use this information to evaluate the biological response of a local species using relevant local OA scenarios as treatment levels for current and near future conditions. Research on local conditions in situ and the potential impacts of future OA scenarios on socio-economically valuable species, following the model developed in this study, is necessary to provide national policy makers with relevant scientific data to inform climate change management policies for local resources.]]> Thu 29 Sep 2022 12:42:34 SAST ]]> Implementation of technological innovations within the South African construction industry https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69301 Thu 26 Oct 2023 12:03:26 SAST ]]> A model for integrating user experience into Agile software development https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69295 Thu 26 Oct 2023 11:11:29 SAST ]]> The effect of factor endowment on BRICS countries export diversification https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62787 Thu 23 Mar 2023 15:27:17 SAST ]]> A Protection of Personal Information Act Compliance Framework for the City of Tshwane’s Fresh Produce Market. https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69804 Thu 16 Nov 2023 14:23:10 SAST ]]> Towards a Cybersecurity Skills Framework for South Africa https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69793 Thu 16 Nov 2023 12:32:23 SAST ]]> The programmatic enforcement of the affirmative action provisions of the employment equity act, 55 of 1998 https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:67863 Thu 14 Sep 2023 16:14:55 SAST ]]> Marine spatial planning by the state as trustee of coastal public property https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:67845 Thu 14 Sep 2023 13:01:52 SAST ]]> An evaluation of the national minimum wage dispensation https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:67833 Thu 14 Sep 2023 11:13:52 SAST ]]> Workplace Discrimination Based on Pregnancy https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:67819 Thu 14 Sep 2023 09:41:25 SAST ]]> The protection of the primary residence of a debtor in debt enforcement and insolvency https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:70288 Thu 14 Mar 2024 14:54:24 SAST ]]> Accelerated implementations of the RIME for DDE calibration and source modelling https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42199 Thu 13 Jul 2023 12:40:08 SAST ]]> Legal aspects of fairtrade objectives and socio-economic development in South Africa https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69016 Thu 12 Oct 2023 16:21:15 SAST ]]> The regulation of communications surveillance in Nigeria https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69011 Thu 12 Oct 2023 15:36:00 SAST ]]> The legislation regulation of consensual sexual acts by 16 and 17 years https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:66461 Thu 10 Aug 2023 14:38:58 SAST ]]> The influence of societal marketing on green products consumer awareness in Polokwane City, South Africa https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62370 Thu 09 Mar 2023 09:22:48 SAST ]]> The factors influencing professional commitment and job performance of pharmacists in the Nelson Mandela Bay within the Covid-19 environment https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:63986 Thu 04 May 2023 11:21:49 SAST ]]> An investigation into the cybersecurity skills gap in South Africa https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:66247 Thu 03 Aug 2023 15:16:55 SAST ]]> Implementation of technological innovations within the South African construction industry https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:66245 Thu 03 Aug 2023 14:46:28 SAST ]]> Economic impact assessment of the national youth development agency (NYDA) grant fund in the Eastern Cape https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62093 Thu 02 Mar 2023 15:13:04 SAST ]]> Developing metacognition through the use of Technology in self-organised learning environments in grade 11 Physical Sciences https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62687 Mon 20 Mar 2023 16:09:07 SAST ]]> A strategic turnaround model for distressed properties https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:65603 Mon 17 Jul 2023 12:43:04 SAST ]]> Ultraprecision Diamond Turning of Monocrystalline Germanium https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37835 Mon 12 Jun 2023 11:50:57 SAST ]]> End-user requirements of an assistive technology for profoundly deaf parents with infants https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:66373 Mon 07 Aug 2023 15:02:51 SAST ]]> The enforcement of settlement of agreements and arbitration awards https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:66366 Mon 07 Aug 2023 12:25:47 SAST ]]> An explorative study into the effect of Information Technology in streamlining the access to development finance, for Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) in South Africa https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62181 Mon 06 Mar 2023 12:27:15 SAST ]]> Academic resilience of engineering students: a case study https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:67337 Mon 04 Sep 2023 11:42:49 SAST ]]> Business cycle synchronization in SACU countries: a wavelet coherence analysis https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:63844 Fri 28 Apr 2023 11:47:30 SAST ]]> Different dimensions of inequality and sustainable economic growth in Africa https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62483 Fri 24 Mar 2023 09:15:50 SAST ]]> Inner-city regeneration in South Africa : a property development approach https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:65894 Fri 21 Jul 2023 15:16:21 SAST ]]> The impact of Taxation and corruption on economic growth in South Africa https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62444 Fri 10 Mar 2023 12:32:54 SAST ]]> Caring behaviour of midwives who nurse woman during childbirth in Botswana https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62437 Fri 10 Mar 2023 10:49:36 SAST ]]> Leader preparedness to manage employee wellness at Continental Tyres https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62436 Fri 10 Mar 2023 10:03:39 SAST ]]> Cost control challenges in Eastern Cape Department of Health https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62435 Fri 10 Mar 2023 09:00:07 SAST ]]> Understanding of business strategy at different levels of the organisation https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:63097 Fri 07 Jul 2023 12:36:35 SAST ]]> A stakeholder framework for sustainable Supply chain management in the Zimbabwean food industry https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:64397 Fri 07 Jul 2023 12:33:49 SAST ]]> The Impact of COVID-19 on Maritime Operations at the Port of Mossel Bay https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62422 Fri 07 Jul 2023 12:29:48 SAST ]]> Assessing Diabetes distress amongst type 2 Diabetic patients at the Mhlontlo sub-district healthcare clinics in the OR Tambo health District https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:63096 Fri 07 Jul 2023 12:25:17 SAST ]]> The macroeconomic impact of ocean economy financing in South Africa https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:64343 Fri 07 Jul 2023 12:20:16 SAST ]]> The determinants of entrepreneurship in African countries https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62349 Fri 07 Jul 2023 12:14:25 SAST ]]> An exploration of the benefits of information and communications technology for SMMEs in the Construction Industry in Gauteng Province, South Africa https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62386 Fri 07 Jul 2023 12:09:29 SAST ]]> Using night time data as a measure of gross domestic product in Sub-Saharan Africa https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62119 Fri 07 Jul 2023 12:03:38 SAST ]]> An assessment of broadband infrastructure investment as a primer for inclusive growth in South Africa https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62172 Fri 07 Jul 2023 11:51:59 SAST ]]> The Socio-Economic Impact of Poor Governance on South African State-Owned Entities Since the Democratic Dispensation: A Case of Eskom, Transnet and South African Airways https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:64144 Fri 07 Jul 2023 11:42:25 SAST ]]> Reciprocal peer reviews : evaluating potential bias and conflict of interest https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62074 Fri 07 Jul 2023 11:34:06 SAST ]]> Investigating various product derivatives for a sustainable aquaculture feed supply chain in South Africa https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62150 Fri 07 Jul 2023 11:29:34 SAST ]]> A risk management model for commercial property development and investment in Ghana https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:65633 Fri 07 Jul 2023 11:14:51 SAST ]]> A systematic risk management model for construction project management: a case study of the new infrastructure project in the University of Mpumalanga https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:65609 Fri 07 Jul 2023 11:11:47 SAST ]]> Lipid nanocarriers : a novel approach to delivering ophthalmic clarithromycin https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42109 80%. The formulation composition identified was subsequently used for the optimization of the manufacturing parameters viz. sonication time and amplitude, using a Central Composite Design (CCD) . The LC and EE, in vitro CLA release, cytotoxicity, osmolarity, pH, degree of crystallinity and lipid modification, elemental analysis and surface morphology of the optimized batch was investigated and mon itored to ensure that CLA - loaded NLC, of the desirable quality, had been produced. On the day of manufacture the mean PS and PDI of the optimized CLA - loaded NLC formulation adjusted to physiological osmolarity (250 – 450 mOsm/kg) was 461.9 ± 40.16 nm and 0. 523 ± 0.104, respectively. The ZP for the optimized NLC generated on the day of manufacture using HPLC grade water as the dispersion medium was - 20.5 ± 4.82 mV. The pH and osmolarity of the optimized CLA - loaded NLC formulation was 7.76 ± 0.01 and 316 ± iii 2 m Osm/Kg, respectively and the EE was 88.62 ± 0.23 %. The optimized NLC exhibited a decreased crystallinity in comparison to the bulk lipid materials. DSC, WAXS and FT - IR revealed that CLA was molecularly dispersed in the nanocarriers. The optimized CLA - load ed NLC exhibited muco - adhesive properties, when tested under stationary conditions using laser doppler anemometry (LDA). The optimized formulation also exhibited sustained release of CLA over 24 hours during in vitro release testing and CLA release was bes t described using the Baker - Lonsdale model . The cumulative % CLA released over 24 hours was 56.13 ± 0.23% and mass balance analysis revealed 41.38 ± 0.02% CLA had been retained in the NLC. In vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that the optimized CLA - NLC w ere less cytotoxic to HeLa cells when compared to CLA alone and further confirmed that the lipids and excipients used in these studies were of GRAS status . Stability studies revealed that the EE reduced over 28 days by 14.42% and 5.14% when stored at 4 °C and 22 °C , respectively. In addition, the particle size increased from the nm to μm range for samples stored at 22 °C. The findings are a good starting point but require further optimization to ensure prolongation of stability. In addition , the technology requires additional developmental studies and a powder for reconstitution for use as a single - dose considered as single dose packaging may be a solution to the compromised formulation stability observed in these studies. The CLA - NLC produced in these stu dies exhibit sound product attributes which serve as a useful foundation for the novel delivery of antibiotics to the eye. The results suggest that the optimized NLC have the potential to enhance precorneal retention and increase ocular availability of CLA , which in turn may be useful to reduce the required dose and dosing frequency when administering CLA as a reconstituted solution to treat susceptible organisms that infect ocular tissues.]]> Fri 06 Aug 2021 09:14:42 SAST ]]> The use of Police force in crowd management https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:66302 Fri 04 Aug 2023 13:04:37 SAST ]]>