https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9859 Wed 12 May 2021 23:46:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9400 Wed 12 May 2021 23:26:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10648 Wed 12 May 2021 23:16:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10030 Wed 12 May 2021 23:14:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11304 Wed 12 May 2021 23:12:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3421 Wed 12 May 2021 23:11:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3743 Wed 12 May 2021 23:03:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2112 Wed 12 May 2021 22:58:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9872 Wed 12 May 2021 22:58:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9482 Wed 12 May 2021 22:57:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8619 Wed 12 May 2021 22:53:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9507 Wed 12 May 2021 22:33:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5554 Wed 12 May 2021 22:30:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8633 Wed 12 May 2021 22:27:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8643 Wed 12 May 2021 22:20:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9863 Wed 12 May 2021 22:18:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4332 Wed 12 May 2021 20:25:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8948 Wed 12 May 2021 20:13:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1612 Wed 12 May 2021 19:56:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10749 Wed 12 May 2021 19:53:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5709 0.05 in both cases). The Reed Cormorant (Phalacrocorax africanus) was the dominant species throughout the study, with a mean of 8.25 (SD ± 7.90) individuals per count. Mean values of the Pied Kingfisher (Ceryle rudis) and Giant Kingfisher (Megaceryle maximus) were 3.42 (SD ± 1.20) and 1.17 (SD ± 0.60) individuals per count, respectively. The remaining species revealed mean values < 0.5 individuals per count. The highest bird numbers were recorded in winter reflecting the migration of large numbers of the Reed Cormorant into the system. Breaching events were associated with a decrease in total bird numbers, which was most likely due to loss of potential foraging habitat (littoral zone) for waders resulting from reduced water levels. Monthly food consumption by all piscivorous birds revealed large temporal variability, ranging from 26.35 to 140.58 kg per month. The observed variability could be linked to mouth phase and bird numbers.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 19:41:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:747 Wed 12 May 2021 19:30:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9373 Wed 12 May 2021 19:27:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11268 5 mg/ml for all the extracts. Average log reductions in viable cell counts for all the extracts ranged between 0.1 Log10 and 7.5 Log10 cfu/ml after 12 h interaction at 1 × MIC and 2 × MIC. Most of the extracts were rapidly bactericidal at 2 × MIC achieving a complete elimination of most of the test organisms within 12 h exposure time. The effect of combinations of the crude extracts of H. pedunculatum leaves and eight antibiotics was investigated by means of checkerboard and time-kill methods. In the checkerboard method, synergies of between 45.83-56.81 percent were observed and this is independent of Gram reaction, with combinations in the aqueous extract yielding largely antagonistic interactions (18.75 percent). The time kill assay also detected synergy that is independent of Gram reaction with a ≥ 3Log10 potentiation of the bactericidal activity of the test antibiotics. We conclude that the crude leaf extracts of H. pedunculatum could be potential source of broad spectrum antibiotics resistance modulating compounds. The interactions between crude extracts of H. longifolium in combination with six first-line antibiotics using both the time-kill and the checkerboard methods were carried out. The time-kill method revealed the highest bactericidal activity exemplified by a 6.7 Log10 reduction in cell density against Salmonella sp. when the extract and Penicillin G are combined at ½ × MIC. Synergistic response constituted about 65 percent, while indifference and antagonism constituted about 28.33 percent and 6.67 percent in the time kill assay, respectively. The checkerboard method also revealed that the extracts improved bactericidal effects of the antibiotics. About 61.67 percent of all the interactions were synergistic, while indifference interactions constituted about 26.67 percent and antagonistic interactions was observed in approximately 11.66 percent. The in vitro antioxidant property and phytochemical constituents of the aqueous crude leaf extracts of H. longifolium and H. pedunculatum was investigated. The scavenging activity on superoxide anions, DPPH, H2O2, NO and ABTS; and the reducing power were determined, as well as the flavonoid, proanthocyanidin and phenolic contents of the extracts. The extracts exhibited scavenging activity in all radicals tested due to the presence of relatively high total phenol and flavonoids contents in the extracts. Our findings suggest that H. longifolium and H. pedunculatum are endowed with antioxidant phytochemicals and could serve as a base for future drugs. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the leaves of H. longifolium and H. pedunculatum yielded two known compounds. From the n-hexane fraction of H. longifolium a compound was isolated (Stigmasterol) and from the ethyl acetate fraction of H. pedunculatum another compound (β-sitosterol) was isolated. The compounds were isolated and identified using various techniques. The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of these compounds have been reported in literatures. In general, the experiments and tests conducted in this study appear to have justified the folkloric medicinal uses of H. longifolium and H. pedunculatum for the treatment of stress related ailments and wound infections and make a substantial contribution to the knowledge base of the use of herbal medicine for the treatment of the microbial infections.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 19:21:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8655 Wed 12 May 2021 18:53:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9037 Wed 12 May 2021 18:52:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8646 Wed 12 May 2021 18:50:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3950 Wed 12 May 2021 18:43:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8629 Wed 12 May 2021 18:40:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2950 Wed 12 May 2021 18:32:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10696 Wed 12 May 2021 18:24:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9686 Wed 12 May 2021 17:56:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8200 Wed 12 May 2021 17:47:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4743 Wed 12 May 2021 17:38:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10565 Wed 12 May 2021 17:35:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11420 Wed 12 May 2021 17:34:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4744 Wed 12 May 2021 17:10:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10694 Wed 12 May 2021 17:08:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2130 Wed 12 May 2021 17:06:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9729 Wed 12 May 2021 17:05:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8663 Wed 12 May 2021 16:51:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11156 Wed 12 May 2021 16:48:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11363 Wed 12 May 2021 16:37:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11618 Wed 12 May 2021 16:26:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4335 Wed 12 May 2021 16:06:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11244 Wed 12 May 2021 15:49:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10141 Wed 12 May 2021 15:46:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10746 Wed 12 May 2021 15:45:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10311 Wed 12 May 2021 15:44:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3417 Tue 31 Aug 2021 09:51:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4187 Thu 13 May 2021 13:32:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2129 Thu 13 May 2021 09:55:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8620 Thu 13 May 2021 08:44:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3845 Thu 13 May 2021 08:22:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9478 Thu 13 May 2021 08:13:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2427 Thu 13 May 2021 07:36:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2762 Thu 13 May 2021 07:35:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:769 Thu 13 May 2021 07:26:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10377 Thu 13 May 2021 07:15:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10130 Thu 13 May 2021 07:12:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9746 Thu 13 May 2021 07:09:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:763 Thu 13 May 2021 07:04:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8389 Thu 13 May 2021 06:54:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8531 Thu 13 May 2021 06:36:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9629 75 percent joint efficiency). High Vickers microhardness values were measured at the joint interfaces, which corresponded with the intermetallic compounds. The Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of thin layers of intermetallics in nanoscale at the interfacial regions. The diffractograms of the X-Ray Diffraction analysis showed small peaks for intermetallics in some of the welds. Low electrical resistivities were measured at the joint interfaces. The statistical analysis showed that the downward vertical force, (Fz) can significantly influence the resulting weld qualities. An overall summary of the analysis of the weld qualities - with respect to the shoulder diameter tools employed showed that the 18 mm shoulder diameter tool is most appropriate among the three shoulder diameters considered, and a process window of medium spindle speed of 950 rpm and low-to-medium feed rate between 50 and 150 mm/min is established for FSW of Aluminium and Copper. Welds produced at 1200 rpm and 300 mm/min with low heat input did not have intermetallics formed at the joint interface.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 06:36:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11939 Thu 13 May 2021 06:31:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2951 Thu 13 May 2021 06:27:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8507 Thu 13 May 2021 06:24:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9994 Thu 13 May 2021 06:22:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9496 Thu 13 May 2021 06:18:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8202 Thu 13 May 2021 06:09:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9502 Thu 13 May 2021 05:57:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10321 sCD23>derCD23) for IgE, upon increasing length of the proximal CD23 “stalk” domain. These findings highlight the differences in both the structural basis and affinity of the three physiological fragments of human CD23 for the ligands CD21 and IgE and underscore the complexity of CD23-mediated regulatory networks. It was found that B-cells only make up ~5% of the PBMC population, and that these cells were able to be activated, via STAT-6 phosphorylation, to enter class switch recombination (CSR) by the addition of switch factors (IL-4 and anti-CD40). Titration experiments dictated that 25 ng/mL of CD23 was the most efficient concentration to up-regulate IgE synthesis in PBMCs; furthermore, soluble CD23 proteins were incubated with PBMCs in the presence and absence of CD21 SCR 1-2 to investigate the effect that these recombinant proteins have on IgE synthesis. Results showed that the influence of recombinant proteins (both CD23 and CD21) on IgE synthesis was slight. It was shown that while derCD23 had no significant effect, monomeric sCD23 down-regulated, and the mixture of monomeric and oligomeric exCD23 up-regulated IgE synthesis. On addition of CD21 SCR 1-2 to the cells switched and treated with soluble CD23, it was found that in both cases for sCD23 and exCD23, IgE synthesis was increased, while for derCD23, there was no noticeable difference in IgE synthesis. This confirmed previous data showing the lack of binding between derCD23 and CD21 SCR 1-2. The exact binding site for CD21 on the CD23 molecule is unknown, and incompletely represented in the NMR and crystal structures. It is thought that CD21 binds to the C-terminal tail section, not present in derCD23. It is therefore likely that only a negative-feedback mechanism operates with derCD23 to regulate IgE synthesis. Further investigation of the binding of CD23 fragments to SCR 5-8 of CD21 and the effect of this on IgE synthesis may lead to a potential therapeutic role for derCD23 in the treatment of allergic disease. Data accumulated in this study suggests that investigating the modulation of oligomeric state and thus the activity of soluble CD23 fragments may be important in the construction of new regulators of IgE synthesis.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 05:44:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11537 Thu 13 May 2021 05:26:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9341 Thu 13 May 2021 04:41:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11126 Thu 13 May 2021 04:34:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10303 Thu 13 May 2021 04:27:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8575 Thu 13 May 2021 04:13:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4294 Thu 13 May 2021 04:10:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11509 Thu 13 May 2021 04:07:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4189 Thu 13 May 2021 04:04:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10322 Thu 13 May 2021 03:37:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9993 Thu 13 May 2021 03:21:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3750 Thu 13 May 2021 02:47:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2845 Thu 13 May 2021 02:38:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9427 Thu 13 May 2021 02:23:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5652 Thu 13 May 2021 02:19:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9644 Thu 13 May 2021 02:16:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2707 Thu 13 May 2021 01:01:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11159 Thu 13 May 2021 01:00:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8662 Thu 13 May 2021 00:49:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10518 Thu 13 May 2021 00:39:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5123 Thu 13 May 2021 00:23:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5114 Thu 13 May 2021 00:18:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16138 Thu 13 May 2021 00:16:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9617 Thu 13 May 2021 00:15:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2929 Thu 13 May 2021 00:13:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16158 Thu 13 May 2021 00:04:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1673 Mon 17 Jan 2022 13:25:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10178 Fri 15 Mar 2024 13:11:24 SAST ]]>