https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11290 Wed 12 May 2021 23:22:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11293 Wed 12 May 2021 22:59:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11275 0.05). The newer fluoroquinolones are a possible alternative treatment option for S. maltophilia infections in this environment but further studies and clinical investigations are needed to determine the in vivo efficacy of these drugs.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 22:57:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11266 Wed 12 May 2021 22:57:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11276 Wed 12 May 2021 22:47:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11256 Wed 12 May 2021 22:23:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11282 2) in activity. Lethal dose at 50 (LD50) showed 82.64 ± 1.40 degree of toxicity at 24 hrs, and 95 percentile of cell death dose activity ranged from log 3.12 ± 0.01 to 4.59 ± 0.03. The activity of the eight fractions tested ranged from 1.0 ± 0.5 to 3.7 ± 1.6 mg/mL (IC50) and from 2.1 ± 0.8 to 6.25 ± 0 mg/mL (IC90) (Chapter 3). Due to the effect of compounds present in the crude extract and fractions, the P. aeruginosa treated with EAE had a reduction of sodium from 5.55 % (untreated) - 1.50 %. For C. albicans, pottasium was reduced from 4.16 % (untreated) - 0.76 % (T1). Remarkable morphological alterations were observed including deformation of the germ tubes and perforation of the cell wall (Chapter 4). Extract scavenging activity of 88.73± 6.69 % (25 μg mL-1), 53.93±1.09 % (25 μg mL-1) were recorded for H2O2 and NO respectively with proanthocyanidins (92.18±4.68 mg/g) occurring more (p < 0.05) in the extract compared to all other phenolics compounds (Chapter 5). Significant reduction in cell viability of the cells was noted as the MCF-7 cells were reduced from 100 - 54.33±1.84 % after 72 hrs of treatment with 5 μg/mL of EAE (P. value < 0.05). TEt10 was cytotoxic against human normal cells (chang liver cell) at EC50 of 37 μg/mL and 74 μg/mL after 24 and 48 h of treatment respectively. Marked antiproliferative activity of 13.2 μg/mL (EC50) was observed when HeLa cells were treated for 48 h. Internucleosomal DNA of MCF-7, HT-29 and HeLa cells randomly fragmented into an uninterrupted spectrum of sizes, complemented by the intercalation of nucleic acid-specific fluorochromes by PI and AO spotting two phases of apoptosis; early (EA) and late (LA) apoptosis. Distinctive ultramorphological changes observed include; cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and typical cell induced death. The study also recorded 705.102 ± 28.56 % TEt10 caspase-3 activity compared to curcumin 592.857 ± 165.76 % (positive control) and untreated (negative control; 100 ± 15.81 %) cells. Percentage HeLa cell with Sub-G1 DNA phase increased from 0.13 ± 0.06 % (negative control) to 13.8 ± 3.04 % compared to curcumin (8.17 ± 2.20 %) after treatment with TEt10. The compounds identified in the fractions including Colchicine, N-(trifluoroacetyl)methyl-N-deacetyl-, Lupeol and .gamma.-Sitosterol may be responsible for the induction of apoptosis observed and could be further studied in vivo as a potential template for new anticancer treatment (Chapter 6 & 7).]]> Wed 12 May 2021 20:58:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11247 0.05). Qualitative phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroids, tannins and flavonoids in the methanol, acetone,ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts. The results demonstrate that H. africana may contain compounds with therapeutic potentials which can be lead molecules for semi-synthesis of new drugs.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 19:43:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11242 Wed 12 May 2021 19:18:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11245 Wed 12 May 2021 19:18:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11287 Wed 12 May 2021 19:08:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11250 Wed 12 May 2021 19:03:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11258 Wed 12 May 2021 18:47:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11241 Wed 12 May 2021 18:44:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11243 Wed 12 May 2021 16:46:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11265 Wed 12 May 2021 16:45:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11288 Wed 12 May 2021 16:42:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11257 Wed 12 May 2021 16:28:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26494 Wed 12 May 2021 15:56:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11244 Wed 12 May 2021 15:49:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39996 Wed 12 May 2021 14:44:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40067 Wed 12 May 2021 14:37:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40003 Wed 12 May 2021 14:26:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40061 Wed 12 May 2021 14:25:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11285 Thu 13 May 2021 07:33:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11255 Thu 13 May 2021 06:53:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11298 Thu 13 May 2021 05:54:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11296 Thu 13 May 2021 05:35:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11248 Thu 13 May 2021 04:46:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11299 Thu 13 May 2021 04:35:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11294 Thu 13 May 2021 03:49:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11289 Thu 13 May 2021 03:37:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11281 Thu 13 May 2021 03:14:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11277 Thu 13 May 2021 03:13:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11259 Thu 13 May 2021 03:10:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11286 Thu 13 May 2021 02:50:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11271 Thu 13 May 2021 02:15:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11283 Thu 13 May 2021 02:04:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11262 .05). Interestingly, H pylori antigen was detected more often (100 percent) in the high socioeconomic group than in those of low socioeconomic group (85.9 percent). Sixteen (66.7 percent) of twenty four faecal samples that had previously tested positive for the organism by HpSA test were confirmed positive by PCR. However none of the treated tap water samples tested positive for the organism by PCR. The present iii study revealed a high prevalence of H. pylori in faecal samples of asymptomatic individuals in the Nkonkobe Municipality, an indication of active infection. The obtained results also revealed that direct treated tap water might not be playing a crucial role in the oral transmission of H. pylori in the studied population.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 01:42:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11279 Thu 13 May 2021 01:37:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11261 0.05) in the potency of the xii four extracts (acetone, methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate) and antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) on the different bacterial strains tested, likewise the crude extract and the fractions. No compound was detected by GC-MS whereas numerous peaks were identified by HPLC implying that the active compounds in this plant are non volatile. We could not identify the compounds thereby proposing further studies using Nuclear magnetic resonance to identify the compounds. The study revealed that the acetone extract of C. molle was the most active against all the test organisms and therefore justifies the use of this plant in traditional medicine.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 01:14:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39879 Thu 13 May 2021 00:48:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11284 Thu 13 May 2021 00:16:13 SAST ]]>