https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73504 Wed 19 Jun 2024 14:24:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73503 Wed 19 Jun 2024 14:10:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73489 Wed 19 Jun 2024 12:59:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73492 Wed 19 Jun 2024 12:47:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72364 Tue 21 May 2024 13:35:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73278 Tue 11 Jun 2024 18:43:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73277 Tue 11 Jun 2024 18:36:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73276 Tue 11 Jun 2024 18:29:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73275 Tue 11 Jun 2024 18:22:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73274 Tue 11 Jun 2024 18:14:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73273 Tue 11 Jun 2024 18:08:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73272 Tue 11 Jun 2024 18:00:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73263 Tue 11 Jun 2024 15:35:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73260 Tue 11 Jun 2024 15:05:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73259 Tue 11 Jun 2024 14:10:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73258 Tue 11 Jun 2024 13:48:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73243 Tue 11 Jun 2024 11:08:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73233 Tue 11 Jun 2024 08:07:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72957 Tue 04 Jun 2024 12:53:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72954 Tue 04 Jun 2024 12:04:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72941 Tue 04 Jun 2024 11:56:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72939 Tue 04 Jun 2024 11:01:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73566 Thu 20 Jun 2024 16:01:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73562 7-ONE > 8-ONE > 5-ONE which correlated exactly with results from binary guest/guest competition experiments, where 6-ONE was always preferred by H1, while 5-ONE was consistently disfavoured. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analyses demonstrated that each guest compound was retained in the crystals by means of a hydrogen bond with an alcohol moiety of the host compound. Furthermore, preferred guests 6- and 7-ONE produced crystals with greater densities than guests less favoured (5- and 8-ONE). A conformational analysis of the guest geometries in the four complexes with H1 revealed that the low energy guest conformers were present. The host selectivity for 6- and 7-ONE was proposed to be due to the improved molecular packing in the crystals of the complexes containing these two guest compounds, observed from their higher crystal densities. Hirshfeld surface analyses were not useful in explaining the preference of H1 for 6-ONE relative to 7-ONE (these types of analyses were not possible for the 5-ONE and 8-ONE-containing inclusion compounds due to the nature and degree of disorder present in the guest molecules). H1 was also crystallized from γ-butyrolactone (GBL), 2-pyrrolidone (NP), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NEP), and 1H-NMR spectroscopy revealed that all but GBL were included. The host compound was also presented with these guest solvents in various mixtures, and it was observed that NMP was an extremely favoured guest solvent, followed by NEP and NP, with GBL being consistently disfavoured in every experiment. It was therefore shown that in certain instances, H1 may serve as an alternative tool for separating some of these mixtures through host-guest chemistry strategies. The hydrogen bonding motifs present in each of the successfully formed complexes were extensively investigated through SCXRD analysis, as was the thermal behaviour of these complexes. In the latter instance, the peak temperature of the endotherm (from the DSC trace) representing the guest release was greater for the inclusion compound with favoured NMP (145.5 °C) relative to the complexes with NP (139.8 °C) and NEP (120.5 °C). Host compounds H2 and H3 were revealed to have the ability to include each of pyridine (PYR), 2-methylpyridine (2MP), 3-methylpyridine (3MP) and 4-methylpyridine (4MP). H2 displayed selective behaviour for 3MP and 4MP when presented with mixtures of these guest compounds, whilst H3 preferred PYR. In the latter case, this PYR-containing inclusion compound was also the more stable one (the guest release onset temperature was highest, Ton 66.0 °C). It was demonstrated that H2 has the ability to separate very many binary mixtures of these pyridines on a practical platform, since K (the selectivity coefficient) values were 10 or greater in many instances. However, unfortunately, the more difficult-to-separate mixtures containing 3MP and 4MP cannot be purified or separated by employing H2 and supramolecular chemistry strategies. H3 was also shown to be a likely candidate for binary guest separations in very many of the guest solutions considered here, where K was also 10 or greater, and even infinity in many cases. SCXRD demonstrated that 2MP, 3MP and 4MP were retained in the crystals of their complexes by means of classical hydrogen bonds with the host compound. Satisfyingly, this hydrogen bond between 2MP and H2 (3.0213(18) Å) was significantly longer than that between this host compound and both disorder components of 3MP (2.875(2) and 2.825(9) Å) and that between H2 and 4MP (2.8458(13) Å). This observation explains the affinity of H2 for both 3MP and 4MP, and why 2MP was disfavoured. The results of thermal experiments did not wholly concur with observations from the guest/guest competition experiments. Hirshfeld surface analyses were also conducted but were not entirely conclusive with respect to explaining the host selectivity behaviour. In the case of H3, SCXRD analyses revealed that favoured PYR experienced a classical hydrogen bond with the host compound that was statistically significantly shorter (2.795(2) Å, 165°) than those between the other guest compounds and H3. Additionally, this guest compound was the only one to be involved in a (host)C−H···π(guest) interaction (2.91 Å, 139°) and also a non-classical hydrogen bond with the host compound ((host)C−H···N−C(guest), 2.77 Å (144°)). Finally, Hirshfeld surface analyses showed also that preferred PYR experienced a greater percentage of C···H/H···C (33.1%) and H···N/N···H (11.1%) interactions compared with the complexes with 2MP, 3MP and 4MP. However, it is not clear whether these Hirshfeld observations explain the affinity of H3 for PYR.]]> Thu 20 Jun 2024 15:42:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73554 Thu 20 Jun 2024 14:46:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73146 Thu 20 Jun 2024 13:21:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73359 Thu 13 Jun 2024 11:37:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73356 Thu 13 Jun 2024 11:22:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73169 Sat 08 Jun 2024 21:59:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73168 Sat 08 Jun 2024 21:52:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73167 Sat 08 Jun 2024 21:45:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73166 Sat 08 Jun 2024 21:37:04 SAST ]]> 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08 Jun 2024 20:28:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73155 Sat 08 Jun 2024 20:21:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73154 Sat 08 Jun 2024 20:07:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73153 Sat 08 Jun 2024 19:25:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73152 Sat 08 Jun 2024 19:18:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73151 Sat 08 Jun 2024 19:11:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73150 Sat 08 Jun 2024 19:04:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73149 Sat 08 Jun 2024 18:30:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73148 Sat 08 Jun 2024 18:15:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73147 Sat 08 Jun 2024 18:08:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73145 Sat 08 Jun 2024 17:26:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73123 Sat 08 Jun 2024 11:43:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73122 Sat 08 Jun 2024 11:36:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73121 Sat 08 Jun 2024 11:29:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73119 Sat 08 Jun 2024 11:09:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73118 Sat 08 Jun 2024 11:01:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73116 Sat 08 Jun 2024 10:54:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73113 Sat 08 Jun 2024 10:32:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73111 Sat 08 Jun 2024 10:19:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73110 Sat 08 Jun 2024 10:12:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73109 Sat 08 Jun 2024 10:06:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73208 Mon 10 Jun 2024 18:12:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73206 Mon 10 Jun 2024 17:37:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73184 Mon 10 Jun 2024 14:28:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73182 Mon 10 Jun 2024 13:59:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73188 Mon 10 Jun 2024 12:36:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73185 Mon 10 Jun 2024 11:04:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73597 Fri 21 Jun 2024 15:41:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73596 Fri 21 Jun 2024 14:52:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73595 Fri 21 Jun 2024 14:31:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73594 Fri 21 Jun 2024 14:09:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73593 Fri 21 Jun 2024 13:49:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73592 Fri 21 Jun 2024 13:14:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73590 Fri 21 Jun 2024 12:18:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73586 Fri 21 Jun 2024 12:04:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73589 Fri 21 Jun 2024 12:03:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73578 Fri 21 Jun 2024 10:26:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73571 Fri 21 Jun 2024 08:33:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72104 Fri 19 Apr 2024 08:14:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72103 Fri 19 Apr 2024 08:00:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72102 Fri 19 Apr 2024 07:46:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73384 Fri 14 Jun 2024 11:49:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73383 200μg/mL). If the herbal extracts had inconclusive IC50 values in the three cell lines subsequent experiments were conducted using 100 μg/mL. The results showed that most of the combinations were antagonistic but, some combinations had synergistic or enhancement effects(1:3 for cisplatin with grape seed or green tea and tamoxifen with grapeseed or green tea, and 3:1 for cisplatin with green tea as well as for tamoxifen with fermented rooibos or green rooibos, and all the 1:1 combinations of 5- fluorouracil with all herbal extracts) with a combination index (CI) < 1. Grape seed and green tea were found to induce apoptosis in the three cell lines. Assays that were conducted to detect apoptosis induction showed positive staining for phosphatidylserine (PS), activated caspase 3, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Analysis of the cell cycle showed two things; 1) that grape seed and green tea were apoptotic in HeLa and MCF7 cells only, and 2) the extracts of green tea and green rooibos, and the combinations of grape seed with all drug compounds arrested the cell in more than one phase of the cell cycle. The combinations of grapeseed and green tea potentially induced apoptosis in various manners but those with both rooibos extracts were unclear in all the cell lines. The results for combinations with grapeseed and green tea are promising and provide a basis for further research as combinations of chemotherapeutic drugs and herbal extracts may be effective therapeutic strategies.]]> Fri 14 Jun 2024 11:23:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73382 Fri 14 Jun 2024 09:29:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73105 Fri 07 Jun 2024 20:07:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73104 Fri 07 Jun 2024 20:00:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73103 Fri 07 Jun 2024 19:45:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73102 Fri 07 Jun 2024 19:26:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73100 Fri 07 Jun 2024 19:18:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73101 Fri 07 Jun 2024 19:18:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73099 Fri 07 Jun 2024 18:57:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73098 Fri 07 Jun 2024 18:49:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73097 Fri 07 Jun 2024 18:42:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73096 Fri 07 Jun 2024 18:22:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73095 Fri 07 Jun 2024 18:15:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73094 Fri 07 Jun 2024 17:40:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73086 Fri 07 Jun 2024 16:37:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73088 Fri 07 Jun 2024 16:37:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73087 Fri 07 Jun 2024 16:23:36 SAST ]]>