https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71911 Wed 27 Mar 2024 10:39:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:43338 Wed 23 Jun 2021 12:38:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33163 Wed 12 May 2021 17:26:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:68596 Wed 04 Oct 2023 10:47:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72234 Tue 23 Apr 2024 20:07:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72233 Tue 23 Apr 2024 20:00:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72230 Tue 23 Apr 2024 18:44:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72229 Tue 23 Apr 2024 15:21:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72228 Tue 23 Apr 2024 15:14:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72227 Tue 23 Apr 2024 14:52:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72226 Tue 23 Apr 2024 14:46:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72225 Tue 23 Apr 2024 14:45:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72223 Tue 23 Apr 2024 14:31:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72222 Tue 23 Apr 2024 14:25:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72220 Tue 23 Apr 2024 14:10:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72218 Tue 23 Apr 2024 13:42:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72216 Tue 23 Apr 2024 13:08:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72214 Tue 23 Apr 2024 12:39:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72211 Tue 23 Apr 2024 12:25:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72210 Tue 23 Apr 2024 12:18:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72208 Tue 23 Apr 2024 11:57:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72207 Tue 23 Apr 2024 11:50:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72204 Tue 23 Apr 2024 11:15:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72201 Tue 23 Apr 2024 10:48:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72199 Tue 23 Apr 2024 10:26:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72196 Tue 23 Apr 2024 09:58:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72195 Tue 23 Apr 2024 09:51:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72194 Tue 23 Apr 2024 09:17:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72193 Tue 23 Apr 2024 09:10:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69912 Tue 21 Nov 2023 19:54:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69713 Tue 14 Nov 2023 09:23:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69908 Tue 05 Dec 2023 17:47:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41877 Thu 13 May 2021 09:40:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34772 Thu 13 May 2021 07:30:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72007 Thu 11 Apr 2024 11:27:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71621 Sun 25 Feb 2024 13:48:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71625 Sun 25 Feb 2024 13:35:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71624 Sun 25 Feb 2024 13:28:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71669 Sun 25 Feb 2024 09:09:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71665 Sun 25 Feb 2024 08:06:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72181 Sun 21 Apr 2024 13:42:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72180 Sun 21 Apr 2024 09:58:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72179 95%) respondents owned livestock while substantially more rural farmers (81%) than urban farmers (35%) engaged in crop production. Drought was perceived by a sizeable proportion (>70%) of small-scale farmers as a very serious environmental challenge with adverse socio-economic repercussions on land-based activities. Livestock losses and crop failure were the key impacts reported by small-scale farmers in both rural and urban settings. About 86% of respondents across the sample reported declines in crop yields, with significantly more farmers in rural sites (45%) than urban sites (31%) reporting so. A substantial proportion of farmers across the sample (93%) reported drought response strategies relating to livestock and crop production, such as changing of farming practices, use of drought-resistant crops and government support, with slight differences in the proportion of farmers reporting so between urban (89 %) and rural (95 %) sites. Concerning government support, most respondents (>70%) stated that they were dissatisfied, with slightly more respondents in urban areas (77%) than in rural (70%) areas reporting so. Overall, the results of this study suggest a minimal response capacity of small-scale farmers to droughts in both rural and urban settings due to socio-economic and administrative factors, which calls for the need for drought-response strategies to build adaptive capacity for small-scale farmers. Turning to close cooperation between different stakeholders, such as local farmers, government officials, practitioners, and scientists might allow co-production of knowledge needed to inform drought response strategies. In some instances, attention needs to be given to farmers who are more vulnerable than others.]]> Sun 21 Apr 2024 09:53:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72177 Sun 21 Apr 2024 08:48:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72176 Sun 21 Apr 2024 08:41:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72175 Sun 21 Apr 2024 08:14:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72173 Sun 21 Apr 2024 07:52:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72171 Sun 21 Apr 2024 07:31:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71660 Sat 24 Feb 2024 19:25:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71659 Sat 24 Feb 2024 19:24:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71653 Sat 24 Feb 2024 19:11:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71655 Sat 24 Feb 2024 19:10:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71656 Sat 24 Feb 2024 19:09:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71657 Sat 24 Feb 2024 19:08:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71658 Sat 24 Feb 2024 19:06:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72170 Sat 20 Apr 2024 19:54:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72169 Sat 20 Apr 2024 19:47:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72168 Sat 20 Apr 2024 19:32:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72167 Sat 20 Apr 2024 19:26:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72166 Sat 20 Apr 2024 19:19:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72165 Sat 20 Apr 2024 19:19:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72163 Sat 20 Apr 2024 18:50:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72162 Sat 20 Apr 2024 18:43:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72161 Sat 20 Apr 2024 18:30:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72160 50. Iodinated dyes 10c and 10d had IC50 values of 11.6 and 8.2 μM, respectively, and non-iodinated dyes 9c and 9d had IC50 values of 12.5 and 19.2 μM. The heavy atom effect associated with the iodine atoms increases the singlet oxygen quantum yield and enhances the suitability of the dyes for photodynamic therapy.]]> Sat 20 Apr 2024 18:23:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72159 Sat 20 Apr 2024 18:09:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72157 Sat 20 Apr 2024 17:48:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72155 Sat 20 Apr 2024 17:34:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72154 Sat 20 Apr 2024 17:27:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72153 5-meters depth) and (0.5-meter depth) from the water surface at each lake during summer and winter season. The results were consistent with our hypothesis that both phytoplankton and aquatic macroinvertebrate species composition were influenced by physico-chemical parameters and that the differences in salinity concentration and aquatic vegetation between CL, FIL, and SIL were the driving factors for phytoplankton and aquatic macroinvertebrate species composition. In summary, one hundred and twenty-two phytoplankton taxa were collected and identified during this study, belonging to seven Phyla which included Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta, Chrysophyta, Dinophyta, Euglenophyta, and Cryptophyta. The most abundant phytoplankton groups were Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta. Phytoplankton relative taxa abundance, Pielou’s evenness, taxa richness, and Shannon diversity were significantly different between lake types. Aquatic macroinvertebrates, on the other hand, summed up to 10 orders, 67 families, and 80 taxa. The most abundant group were the order Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, and Gastropoda. Aquatic macroinvertebrate relative taxa abundance, taxa richness, and Shannon diversity were also significantly different between lake types. Aquatic macroinvertebrate relative taxa abundance, Pielous evenness, and Shannon diversity index were not significant between seasons, and only taxa richness was significant. Canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) results further showed unique and distinct phytoplankton and aquatic macroinvertebrates community composition between lake types. The present study provides baseline biodiversity inventory (or species list) for important lake ecosystems biological indicators i.e., phytoplankton and aquatic macroinvertebrates and species composition in relation to lake type for six freshwater lakes in South Africa. Furthermore, the study provides empirical evidence that will inform policy and the development of management strategies for freshwater lakes in South Africa which is currently missing. The current study will also contribute to the next National Biodiversity Assessment Report (2024), concerning the freshwater lakes biological data deficiency noted in the previous NBA (2018) report. The study will also fill up the gaps to better understand species composition in lake systems and how they function which is currently limited.]]> Sat 20 Apr 2024 17:20:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72151 Sat 20 Apr 2024 17:06:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72149 Sat 20 Apr 2024 16:45:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72147 Sat 20 Apr 2024 16:31:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72146 Sat 20 Apr 2024 16:17:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72142 Sat 20 Apr 2024 13:15:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72141 Sat 20 Apr 2024 13:14:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72140 Sat 20 Apr 2024 13:01:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72138 Sat 20 Apr 2024 12:40:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72137 Sat 20 Apr 2024 12:33:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72136 Sat 20 Apr 2024 12:25:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72135 Sat 20 Apr 2024 12:19:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72133 Sat 20 Apr 2024 12:12:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72132 Sat 20 Apr 2024 11:51:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72131 Sat 20 Apr 2024 11:44:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72130 Sat 20 Apr 2024 11:37:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72129 Sat 20 Apr 2024 11:30:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72128 10 – 20 mm) and large (20 > 40) body size, flat body, collector-gatherers, free-living, and predators. The late colonisers, collected mainly on day 150 and 180 were dominated by taxa with a preference for high flow velocity (0.3 - 0.6 m/s), permanent attachment, and filter-feeding mode. Traits such as oval and flat body shape, medium body size (>10 - 20 mm), skating and clinging/climbing mobility, temporal attachment, shredders, predators, prey, and plastron and spiracle respiration showed positive correlation with the 100% macroplastic substrates. Filter feeding, crawling, permanent attachment, a preference for fast velocity (0.3-0.6 m/s), and coarse particle organic matter were positively correlated with the 50% macroplastic substrates. Overall, the results provided critical insights on the impact of macroplastics on the assemblage structure of biological communities by acting as suitable habitats in stream ecosystems. The study elucidated the role of traits of aquatic organisms in mediating the colonisation of plastics substrates, providing insights into the impact of plastics proliferation on riverine ecosystem functioning. Furthermore, the finding provides a baseline insight into the influence of hydraulic biotopes on the colonisation and establishment of macroinvertebrates on macroplastic acting as artificial riverine habitat.]]> Sat 20 Apr 2024 11:29:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72123 Sat 20 Apr 2024 10:40:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72122 Sat 20 Apr 2024 10:27:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72120 Sat 20 Apr 2024 09:58:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72119 Sat 20 Apr 2024 09:52:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72118 Sat 20 Apr 2024 09:44:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72117 Sat 20 Apr 2024 09:37:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71626 Sat 17 Feb 2024 11:56:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41881 Mon 22 Feb 2021 13:14:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71672 Mon 22 Apr 2024 19:39:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71673 Mon 22 Apr 2024 19:39:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72104 Fri 19 Apr 2024 08:14:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72103 Fri 19 Apr 2024 08:00:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ru.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72102 Fri 19 Apr 2024 07:46:03 SAST ]]>